Microbial leaching of spent lithium-ion batteries is currently limited by restricted strain selection and low efficiency. Therefore, this study established a synergistic bioleaching system (BM-AAS) driven by Bacillus mucilaginosus (BM) and ascorbic acid (AA), aiming to achieve selective and efficient leaching of lithium from lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, LFP) cathode materials. Results indicate that under initial pH 7.3, LFP dosage of 5.0 g·L-1, and inoculation rate of 5 %, the leaching rates of Li and Fe were 48.72 % and 1.96 % respectively. Following the introduction of 1.5 g·L-1 AA, the leaching rates of Li and Fe significantly increased to 98.66 % and 12.55 %. Within this synergistic leaching system, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and organic acids metabolized by BM, together with exogenous AA, form a dynamic reaction system exhibiting acid leaching and complexation effects. Concurrently, AA further enhances the electron transfer efficiency of microbially mediated Li leaching. Through reduction and complexation interactions, this dual mechanism drives the reaction equilibrium towards Li+ dissolution, thereby achieving selective and highly efficient Li leaching.

Conventional rehabilitation of iron (Fe) ore tailings mainly relies on external soil capping, which is increasingly hindered by high economic costs, extensive consumption of limited natural soil resources, and low ecological sustainability. To address these limitations, this study proposes a sludge and functional microbial system (SFM) as an innovative, in-situ alternative for transforming tailings into functional soil through induced mineralization. The pilot scale in this study demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach. We present the results of field experiments that applied Fe ore tailings to soil using SFM. Quantitative XRD (qXRD) analysis and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) were used to characterize the change in minerals content and transformation process of Fe oxide at the submicron scale. The results show that the SFM facilitated the transformed of primary minerals like hornblende to secondary minerals such as magnetite. The microbial community diversity of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes significantly increased in iron tailings, particularly the proliferation of Nitrosomonas and Rhizobiaceae at the gene level. This strengthened metabolic capabilities and nitrogen fixation potential. These findings suggest that SFM can stimulate mineral transformation, regulate pH and provide nutrients, thereby driving the formation and stabilization of secondary minerals to support plant growth. This eco-engineering approach, which depends on the functional microbial community opens a sustainable pathway to rehabilitate ore tailings without the need to directly cover them with natural surrounding soil resources.

Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP), recognized as a highly promising green remediation technology, exhibits lead (Pb) immobilization efficiency governed by the complex and nonlinear coupling of multiple biogeochemical factors. Consequently, achieving precise optimization through traditional experimental approaches remains a formidable challenge. To address this challenge, this study established a data driven framework coupling Bayesian Optimization (BO) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP). Based on a meticulously curated dataset of 168 high quality experimental records, we systematically evaluated six base models and four Stacking ensemble strategies, while comparing three hyperparameter optimization algorithms. The results indicate that, in small sample scenarios, a refined parameter optimization strategy outperforms complex model stacking. The Bayesian optimized Random Forest (BO-RF) model exhibited the superior generalization capability (R2=0.9035, RMSE=7.988). Furthermore, SHAP analysis successfully decoded the black box of the model, identifying pH, urea dosage, and initial lead concentration as the three dominant factors. The model, for the first time, quantitatively revealed the bell-shaped biphasic response of urea concentration, successfully reconstructing the underlying physicochemical logic of classical enzymatic kinetics (Michaelis Menten and Haldane mechanisms) and microenvironmental Pb speciation evolution (Biotic Ligand Model, BLM) within the algorithmic framework. More importantly, the identified global optimal thresholds (pH > 8.0, urea ≈ 20 g) precisely point to the formation boundary of thermodynamically stable calcite from statistical and thermodynamic perspectives, effectively averting the risks of explosive precipitation and metastable vaterite formation associated with excessive substrate concentrations. This study not only provides a high fidelity predictive tool (the MICP-Pb AI platform) but also elucidates the critical process windows for ensuring crystalline stability and acid resistance, thereby achieving the synergistic optimization of rapid Pb removal and long term secure sequestration.

Large amounts of cyanide tailings (CT), which are produced during the extraction of cyanide gold, can have a negative impact on the local environment, safety, and resources. It has been demonstrated that Microbial Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) technology is a successful, sustainable, and manageable tailings treatment technique. The urease/carbonic anhydrase (CA) pathway's MICP process is currently receiving a lot of interest. However, during the MICP phase of the urease pathway, urea breakdown and Cl-from inorganic calcium acid (calcium chloride) result in high ammonia concentrations, which cause secondary contamination. In order to predict the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the CT after cementation under various conditions, this study suggests a clean CT biocuring technology that uses calcium lactate, an organic acid, rather than calcium chloride, an inorganic acid. It also examines the mechanism and impact of CT curing by carbonic anhydrase (CA) in conjunction with the Long Short Memory Genetic Algorithm (LSTM-GA) model. The machine learning model predicted with an accuracy of (R2 =0.9997, AAD=0.0029) that the best formulation for biocuring was a calcium lactate addition of 5.4 % and 27 % moisture content, with a predicted UCS value of 2.4023 MPa. The results demonstrated that organic calcium lactate increased the amount of HCO3-and precipitation during the mineralization process. While preventing the production of byproducts, the hydrolysis of the calcium lactate enhanced the CT's CaCO3 concentration and mechanical strength. In addition to offering new eco-materials and technologies for the sustainable management of tailings, this study shows how machine learning can be used to optimize the biocuring process, which is anticipated to garner a lot of interest in the mineral processing and environmental engineering domains.

Resource recovery of phosphorus (P) from incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) was achieved by wet chemical leaching and selective adsorption of biochar material. Sulfuric acid was used to extract P from ISSA to obtain a Prich solution with a leaching rate of 96.56 %. Zirconium-modified reed biochar (Zr-RB) was prepared by impregnation method, which could efficiently and selectively recover P from acid leaching solution with high adsorption efficiency of more than 99 %. Three adsorption kinetic models and four adsorption isotherm models were fitted to the batch adsorption experimental data, and it was found that the quasi-second kinetic model and the Freundlich model as well as the Redlich-Peterson model could better describe the adsorption of P by Zr-RB. It showed that the adsorption of P by Zr-RB was an easily occurring adsorption process dominated by multilayer adsorption and nonuniform adsorption, supplemented by monolayer and uniform adsorption. Calculations of surface adsorption energy, molecular electrostatic potential and spin-polarized molecular orbitals based on material characterization and density functional theory (DFT) were carried out to explore the interaction mechanism of Zr-RB adsorption on P involving surface precipitation, pore filling and ligand exchange. In addition, Ca5(PO4)3(OH) product with a P bioavailability rate of 80.17 % was generated from the recovered P. In conclusion, the effective recovery of P from ISSA and the use of Zr-RB as an efficient P adsorbent have broad application prospects.

In the present study, a combined process of microwave-assisted chlorination roasting-water leaching was developed to efficiently extract metal ions from spent ternary lithium-ion batteries. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was used as chlorine source to generate HCl for chlorination reaction. Activated carbon was first selected as the optimal absorbing medium material. Subsequently, spent anode graphite was used to induce carbonisation reduction reaction with spent LiNi(x)Co(y)MnzO(2) (NCM) to promote recovery of valuable metals. The characterisations of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and thermodynamic analysis indicated that HCl derived from PVC pyrolysis could spontaneously react with carbonisation reduction products from spent NCM to form the corresponding water-soluble metal chloride for the effective recovery of valuable metals. Under the optimal conditions with reaction temperature at 450 degrees C, material mass ratio PVC:NCM of 4:1, reaction time at 60 min and microwave power at 500 W, 96.43% of Li, 95.51% of Ni, 95.27% of Co and 95.43% of Mn can be recovered, respectively. The leaching kinetics can be described by the Avrami equation with surface chemical reaction controlled, and the leaching activation energies of Li, Ni, Co and Mn were 36.32, 42.31, 38.84 and 41.96 kJ center dot mol(-1), respectively. This microwave-assisted method might provide a new route for the effective recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries by chlorinated metallurgical processes.

Considering both electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation have limitations, an electrokinetic phytoremediation (EP) system was constructed to obtain efficient and environmentally friendly remediation results. This study indicates that the electric field can promote the absorption of Cd by ryegrass with little impact on soil physicochemical properties under the condition of rotary switching electrodes, and the accumulation of Cd in the aboveground and underground parts of ryegrass increased by 145.2% and 93.7%, respectively. The DC electric field combined with ryegrass under rotary switching electrode mode proved to be the optimal condition for the remediation of Cd contaminated soil with a remediation efficiency of 66.7%. Moreover, the rotary switching of the electrodes alleviated the suppression of the growth of ryegrass by the DC electric field. During the EP remediation process, the electric field promoted the transformation of the residue state of Cd to the other forms, which accelerated the desorption rate of Cd from the soil and facilitated the migration of Cd into plants. In conclusion, EP is a green and efficient remediation technology for heavy metal contaminated soil with good application prospects.

Using ammonium chloride as a chlorination agent, indium in waste liquid-crystal display panels was successfully extracted by microwave-assisted chloride metallurgy under vacuum pressure. The optimal conditions for indium extraction from pure indium oxide were explored through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, achieving an indium extraction ratio of 98.91% when the temperature was 500°C, the Cl/In molar ratio was 8, and the heating duration was 3 min for pure In 2 O 3 . The Cl/In molar ratio exhibited the most important effect on the indium extraction ratio, followed by the heating temperature and duration. When extracting indium from waste liquid-crystal display panel powder (–13 µ m) after ball milling, the indium extraction ratio was nearly 79.46% when using an ammonium chloride mass ratio of 0.6 wt.%, temperature of 500°C, and heating duration of 3 min. Excess gaseous hydrogen chloride reacts with ammonia to form ammonium chloride during the condensation, thereby avoiding emission of hydrogen chloride into the environment. The results of this work indicate that this technology represents a promising option for the extraction of indium from waste liquid-crystal display panels with a very short heating duration and relatively low chlorination agent loss, as well as no harmful gas emissions.

采用废弃PVC作为氯化剂,通过氯化焙烧与低温水浸复合,有效提高了废弃锂离子电池正极材料LiCoO2中钴和锂的浸出效率.系统研究了焙烧温度、氯化剂与正极材料LiCoO2物料比、焙烧时间等参数对钴和锂浸出率的影响规律和作用机制.研究结果表明:在焙烧温度500℃、物料比5∶1、焙烧时间120 min条件下,再经60℃水浸后,钴的浸出率达到95％以上,锂的浸出率高达99％.同时采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)表征焙烧前后材料的晶体结构和表面形貌以及元素化合价变化,阐明了氯化焙烧LiCoO2过程中钴和锂的物相间转化机制与动力学机理.与传统的湿法、火法和生物冶金相比,该废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收技术拥有更低的能源强度和更好的工业应用前景.

In order to improve the photo-degradation efficiency of waste gas and the utilization rate of ultraviolet lamp, numerical simulation software was used to simulate the wind speed field in ultraviolet equipment. The simulation of uniform and dislocation arrangement of ultraviolet lamp in ultraviolet equipment, taper of variable diameter of equipment, transverse flow and cis flow of ultraviolet equipment is presented. The results show that the gas flow in the equipment is more uniform than that in the ultraviolet lamp. The reducing taper of ultraviolet equipment becomes smaller, and the gas retention area gradually becomes smaller. When the reducing taper is reduced to 30°, it is most suitable. The wind speed field in the downstream ultraviolet equipment is more uniform than that in the horizontal flow type, and the ultraviolet utilization rate is higher. In addition, the tubular downstream ultraviolet equipment can not only ensure the utilization rate of ultraviolet lamp, but also improve the degradation effect of organic waste gas.

The degradation of volatile organic compounds using short wavelengths of ultraviolet is attractive to reduce chemical pollutants.This research focuses on the the photo-degradation of toluene, one of common volatile organic compounds that widely distributed in the environment, by experimental process using the irradiation of vacuum ultraviolet light.The performance and mechanism of the degradation process were systematically evaluated by changing core factors in experimental conditions: residence time, initial concentration, relative humidity, and degradation intermediates.Major finding was that the photo-degradation rate of toluene is inversely proportional to the concentration of toluene, on the other hand, proportional to the light intensity and relative humidity.This study also investigated the bond-dissociation energy of toluene under 185 nm wavelength of irradiation and its molar absorption coefficients.Finally, the pathway for photodegradation of toluene was developed with a diagram of the chemical flow.The results are useful toward the air pollution research and its management applications.

挥发性有机物(VOCs)具有来源广泛、成分复杂、不稳定的特点.因此,依据净化效率高、投资和运行成本低廉的原则,通过多种技术优化集成,可实现VOCs达标排放.介绍了VOCs治理技术的应用范围及优缺点.以上海某印刷厂为例,其主要废气成分为苯、甲苯、二甲苯,针对其含尘特点,设计了一套"喷淋洗涤吸收+紫外光解氧化+水相雾化吸收"组合工艺,经调试运行,该厂的有机废气处理后远低于上海市地方标准《印刷业大气污染物排放标准》(DB 31/872—2015)中规定限值.

Reatment and Disposal of Solid Wastes is a core course of environmental protection equipment engineering major. Environmental protection equipment engineering undergraduate teaching, the author of this paper the characteristics of solid waste treatment and disposal in the course of reforming the teaching contents, the introduction of course education, students do class "masters", rain and modern multimedia technology, such as classroom interactive teaching, to not constrained in the limited class hour, maximize the effect of improving the students' participation. Enhance the depth of classroom teaching, extracurricular practice of interest, encourage students to take an active part in the attitude, so as to deepen the students of the basic theory of the course, environmental protection equipment understanding and understanding, train students to think independently, the ability to analyze practical engineering problems.

Environmental impact assessment is one of the core courses for environmental majors. This paper analyzes the current situation of environmental impact assessment courses and the problems existing in classroom teaching, discusses the principles of environmental impact assessment classroom teaching, and puts forward practical suggestions for improving classroom teaching in order to improve the quality of classroom teaching in environmental impact assessment courses. 环境影响评价课程课堂教学改革探讨 梁波,苏瑞景 上海第二工业大学环境与材料工程学院,上海,201209 *通讯作者 关键词:高等教育;环境影响评价;课堂教学 摘要:环境影响评价是环境类专业的核心课程之一。本文分析了环境影响评价课程现状,以 及课堂教学存在的问题,探讨了环境影响评价课堂教学的原则,并提出了改进课堂教学的实 践建议,以提高环境影响评价课程的课堂教学质量,从而达到人才培养的目标。

文章针对环境工程专业本科教学中"环境规划与管理"课程的特点,引入课程思政、充分的案例教学、互动式教学、现代多媒体技术等,达到不局限在有限的课堂上、学时内,最大化地提高学生参与程度的效果,从而加深学生对课程基础理论的认识与理解,培养学生独立思考、分析环境事件的能力.

The microwave-assisted carbochlorination process of indium trichloride (InCl ) recovery in the microwave reactor cavity of the laboratory has 3 been obtained by the Finite Element Method (FEM) software of COMSOL Multiphysics.Base on the multi-field coupling simulation, analysis was conducted on the factors affecting its process.Firstly, combined microwave heating process, Computational Fluid Dynamics and mass transport process, a mathematical-physical model coupled of 4 physics fields, which include radio frequency, heat transfer, mass transport and flow field, has been established.Then further researches focus on the electric field of the cavity.It is concluded heat source of microwave heating process and chloridizing reaction velocity, which indicate that the research model can accurately describe the influence on the process of indium recovery from the microwave input power, hydrogen chloride (HCl) flow rate and sample location.

The recycle of alkali waste liquid produced during silicon and aluminum removal of liquid crystal display (LCD) powder in NaOH solution was studied in this paper.Silicon dioxide powder was added into alkali waste liquid for reaction in microwave,to improve modulus of solution and make water glass.The experimental method on silicon and aluminum removal of LCD powder and quick measurement method of modules of water glass were introduced.Then description was given on main influence factors and experimental results of reaction of alkali waste liquid and silicon dioxide in microwave.Besides,impurity content in water glass was detected via ICP.The optimized experimental conditions included 5 times of dilution ratio,100 ℃ of reaction temperature,10 min of reaction time and 4.0 g of additive amount of silicon dioxide.Water glass with modulus of 1.95,meeting the industrial liquid sodium silicate technical index requirement,was gained under this condition.

Recovery of indium from waste liquid crystal display panel by microwave roasting -sulfuric acid leaching process was studied .The effects of microwave roasting time ,roasting temperature , sulfuric acid concentration ,additive dosage ,leaching temperature and time ,liquid-to-solid ratio on leaching rate of indium were investigated .The results show that the waste liquid crystal panel is pretreated under the conditions of microwave roasting temperature of 300 ℃ ,roasting time of 4 min and additive dosage of 500 g/kg ,then is leached for 90 min at 90 ℃ and liquid-to-solid ratio of 8 mL/g using sulfuric acid of 5 mol/L ,the indium leaching rate reaches 92 .3％ .The result can provide favora-ble technical support for the reuse of waste liquid crystal panel .

Environmental management is a core course of environmental science and engineering. The paper aims at the characteristics of environmental management in environmental engineering of undergraduate courses, with wealthy case teaching, interactive teaching, modern multimedia technology, and the"go out"type of extracurricular practice, to achieve the maximum degree of participation of students in the not limited classroom and study time. The classroom teaching and extracurricular practice were becoming more interesting, and the attitudes of students were encouraged. So the students' understanding of the basic theory were deepened and the ability of independent thinking and analysis of environmental events were cultivated.