This technical note describes initial efforts of the University of Toledo Accelerated Radical Innovation (ARI) research team in beginning to develop a comprehensive classification system, describing all dimensions, types, and activity levels of innovation. It does not purport to provide a finalized system, but rather is meant to spark discussion, and motivate additional development and research efforts leading toward a complete comprehensive and understandable system for classifying innovation.

This paper describes efforts of the University of Toledo Accelerated Radical Innovation research team (ARI Team) in support of accelerated breakthrough or radical innovation projects by application of the competitive intelligence framework in the center of the 2(nd) Generation ARI Methodology. This competitive intelligence framework is an essential component of the ARI Methodology, first in Steps 1-6 leading to the establishment of a business plan, and then in Steps 7-10 that implements the commercialization strategy. This paper briefly reviews the history of Competitive Intelligence, focusing on extensions to Prescott's Historical Stages of Competitive Intelligence. The paper then examines the techniques and activities, and the practitioners and systems for engaging in Competitive Intelligence in the context of Open Innovation and Accelerated Radical Innovation. The paper wraps up by examining the phases and steps in conducting Competitive Intelligence in the context of the entire 2(nd) Generation ARI Methodology.

A method of making cement from base metal smelter slag produced by nickel, copper, lead or zinc smelter, includes grinding the slag with clinker and blast furnace slag to a size in the range of from about -250 to about 425 mesh to produce ground slag cement, and mixing the ground slag cement with Portland cement in a ratio of at least about 0.5:1 by weight to produce a blended cement.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of a modified version of the widely used previous day physical activity recall (PDPAR-24) self-report instrument in a diverse sample of Australian adolescents comprising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (A&TSI) and non-indigenous high school students. A sample of 63 A&TSI and 59 non-indigenous high school students (N=122) from five public secondary schools participated in the study. Participants completed the PDPAR-24 after wearing a sealed electronic pedometer on the previous day. Significant positive correlations were observed between the self-reported physical activity variables (mean MET level, blocks of vigorous activity, and blocks of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) and 24-h step counts. Validity coefficients (rho) ranged from 0.29 to 0.34 (p<0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed for self-reported screen time and 24-h step count (rho=−0.19, p<0.05). Correlations for A&TSI students were equal to or greater than those observed for non-indigenous students. The PDPAR-24 instrument is a quick, unobtrusive, and cost-effective assessment tool that would be useful for evaluating physical activity and sedentary behaviour in population-based studies.

BACKGROUNDThe aims of this study were to describe the amount of non-ambulatory physical activity (PA) undertaken by a sample of Australian workers, and to evaluate different methods of accounting for non-ambulatory activities when using pedometers to measure physical activity.METHODSAdults age 18 to 64 y (N = 204) wore a pedometer and recorded steps and non-step activity in a logbook for 7 d. Non-ambulatory activity was recorded by 28% of the participants (N = 52) with cycling and swimming the most frequently reported.RESULTSThe mean time reported for non-ambulatory activities was 82.8 (standard deviation 80.0) min/wk. On average, participants recorded 8873 (standard deviation 2757) steps/d. Time in non-ambulatory activities was converted to steps equivalents using three different conversion methods. Use of the three methods added 333 to 721 steps/d in the whole sample, but 1153 to 2566 steps/d for those who reported non-ambulatory activity.CONCLUSIONSSuggestions are provided for accounting for non-ambulatory activities in interventions which rely on step count measures.

International Journal of Food Science & TechnologyVolume 40, Issue 7 p. 793-795 The effect of oxygen pressure and the addition of KBrO3 and H2O2 on the oxidation of sulphydryl groups to disulphide bonds in raw and heated fish Johannes Opstvedt, Corresponding Author Johannes Opstvedt Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-5141 Fyllingsdalen, Bergen, Norway *Fax: +47 55 11 2161; e-mail: joh-opst@online.noSearch for more papers by this authorRuth Miller, Ruth Miller US Department of Commerce, NOOA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USASearch for more papers by this authorHerman Groninger, Herman Groninger US Department of Commerce, NOOA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USASearch for more papers by this author Johannes Opstvedt, Corresponding Author Johannes Opstvedt Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, N-5141 Fyllingsdalen, Bergen, Norway *Fax: +47 55 11 2161; e-mail: joh-opst@online.noSearch for more papers by this authorRuth Miller, Ruth Miller US Department of Commerce, NOOA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USASearch for more papers by this authorHerman Groninger, Herman Groninger US Department of Commerce, NOOA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest and Alaska Fisheries Center, Seattle, WA 98112, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 July 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.01021.xCitations: 4Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume40, Issue7August 2005Pages 793-795 RelatedInformation

Communication between information system (IS) professionals and IS users must be effective in order develop successful systems. Users have a set of expectations of communication skills and a perception of how well the IS professionals exhibit the skills during interactions. IS professionals have different views of the importance of communication and of their own performance. This communication gap is tested with a matched sample of IS users and IS professionals. A gap is found in the importance the different groups place on communication skills and a larger gap is found in the perceived presence of the skills in the IS professionals. The study indicates a need on the part of the IS professional to understand the preferred methods of communication in addition to the information requirements of the organization.

Past research indicates that expectations play a crucial role in the final satisfaction of users of information systems (IS). This includes expectations regarding the skill levels exhibited by the providers of the IS services and products. Typically, the expectations are examined as gaps from perceived performance or as gaps from realistic expectations. The interaction of these gaps has not been thoroughly explored in past research, although recent theories anticipate both gaps are crucial in meeting the desires of the users. A matched pair sample of IS users and IS providers is used to collect data on expected skill levels and perceived delivery of the skills demanded. Gaps, both between these two stakeholder groups regarding expectations and within the user group regarding perceived delivery, are found to impact user satisfaction in a two-way analysis. The results indicate that expectations should be managed to higher levels and commonly understood across the user and provider groups.

Purpose:The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships and agreement between average number of steps taken per day and compliance with Australian physical activity guidelines in a sample of working Australian adults.Methods:One hundred-eighty-five adults wore a pedometer and recorded the number of steps taken each day for 7 d. On the 8th day, they completed a self-report survey that asked about frequency and duration of different activities during the previous week.Results:The average number of steps per day was 8543 (standard deviation = 2466) for men (n = 74) and 9093 (2926) for women (n = 111; no significant difference). Just over half the men (53%) and 45% of the women met the current national physical activity guidelines (no significant difference). Average number of steps per day was higher in those who met the guidelines [9547 (2655), n = 89] than in those who did not [8220 (2702), n = 96; P < 0.0001]. In general, the level of agreement between the 2 measures was only moderate. There was, however, better agreement between the 2 measures in women (Spearman’s ρ = 0.35; % agreement 67.5%; κ = 0.33, P < 0.0001) than in men (ρ = 0.21; % agreement 52.7%; κ = 0.08, NS).Conclusions:This study provides an indication of average daily step counts among adults who do and do not meet physical activity guidelines and some evidence on which to base appropriate “step targets” that might be recommended for health benefits for adults.

An international association advancing the multidisciplinary study of informing systems. Founded in 1998, the Informing Science Institute (ISI) is a global community of academics shaping the future of informing science.

This study aimed to assess sitting time and number of steps taken each day, and the relationships between these variables, in a sample of working Australian adults. Workers (N = 185) wore a pedometer for 7 days and recorded the number of steps taken and time spent sitting each day. Average time spent sitting on weekdays was 9.4 (SD = 2.40) hr, with about half spent sitting at work. Despite this, the average steps taken each day (M = 8,873, SD = 2,757) was higher on weekdays than on weekend days. There was a clear inverse relationship between sitting time at work and number of steps taken on weekdays, r = -.34, p < .001); those in the highest tertile for sitting time reported about 3,000 fewer daily steps. Workers in managerial and professional occupations reported more time sitting at work (M = 6.2 hr per day) and lower weekday step counts (M = 7,883, N = 43) than technical (M = 3.3 hr sitting at work and 10,731 weekday steps, N = 33) and blue collar workers (M = 1.6 hours sitting and 11,784 steps, N = 11). The findings suggest those whose daily work involves long hours of sitting should be the focus of efforts to promote physical activity both within and outside the workplace.

We introduce an objective method for classifying phonological overlap between Spanish and English translation equivalents. This method then is exploited to examine spoken word recognition using stimuli with graded levels of phonological overlap. Performance by typical English-only speaking (EO) children and English-only children with primary language impairment (LI) is compared to a control group of bilingual Spanish–English peers (BI). Response time and accuracy separated groups, with the BI group outperforming the EO group, who in turn outperformed the LI group. Children with more severe LI are slower than those with mild LI, and LI severity is significantly correlated with speed. The two groups of monolingual children and the LI subgroups respond in a qualitatively similar way to decreasing phonological overlap.

Objective: To develop a physical activity directory (PAD) for Brisbane people over the age of 50 years for distribution by two methods (given or requested), and to determine its effectiveness in raising awareness and encouraging older people to participate in local physical activity options.Methods: Baseline demographic data and stage of change was collected from 224 participants who received the directory. Participants were interviewed by telephone six weeks later to determine their use of the directory on a number of dimensions.Results: Most participants interviewed at follow-up remembered reading the directory. Participants who requested the directory were significantly more likely than those who were given it to: be contemplators, read the directory, plan to ring a number, plan to attend a class, and to share the directory with others. Participants who were contemplators were significantly more likely to have participated in physical activity of their own and rang a number from the directory. The directory increased over half the participants' awareness of local physical activity options, yet only 7% reported ringing a number and 15% reported doing their own physical activity.Conclusions: The directory was more effective in raising awareness about physical activity options than encouraging people to participate in physical activity, and participants with short-term plans to be more active were more likely to have used the directory.Implications: The directory, even when linked with other services, raises awareness about physical activity options, but has minimal short-term influence on participation.

This paper explores why and how ecommerce firms differentiate their products and services. Consumers who shop online are able to do quick and easy comparison shopping, including shopping in an active market for used goods. Since online product search and price comparisons are faster, easier, and involve fewer shopping costs, firms who sell online must differentiate their products and services to a greater extent than those who do not sell online. These product and service differentiations may be certified and rated by host shopping sites and by outside ratings companies.

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A number of factors influencing the development of dysphagia training programmes are identified, some of which relate to cultural issues and to the way systems operate. Lessons can be learned from current theories of relevance to effecting change in professionals' working practice. These lessons can be applied beyond dysphagia to other areas in which speech and language therapists are involved.

The paper addresses the problem of efficiently querying large numbers of text documents using parallel processing methods. The optimization criteria are somewhat different from those used in querying heterogeneous databases, largely because the extraction of ontological information from documents is the dominant component of query execution time. We assume that each document has been previously annotated using XML. The authors describe the architecture of a system to process ontology based queries for XML annotated documents. We have introduced two basic strategies for query processing: simple strategy, and semi-join strategy, and their possible extensions using pipelining and longer lists for keyword search. Different levels of parallelism for these strategies are discussed. An evaluation model is created and used to derive optimal replication of resource agents. The theoretical and experimental results are compared.

The unprecedented growth in the volume of online information has led to an information explosion which has made producing queries over this information difficult. In this paper, we examine an automated mechanism, which allows users to access this information in a structured manner by analyzing unstructured text by domain specific ontologies, annotating these documents using XML tags and using specific query processing techniques. Our approach is to use focused linguistic techniques over a limited context of an ontology for the identification and annotation of basic concepts and relationships in textual documents. These annotated documents can then be related to other structured information sources specified over similar ontologies.