Monitoring oil palm health using spatial data is essential for optimizing plantation productivity and supporting sustainable management. This study assessed vegetation conditions at Sultra Prima Lestari Ltd. plantation in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, using Sentinel-2A imagery acquired in June 2025 and field data collected from Leaf Sampling Units (LSUs) between April-July 2025. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from the imagery and classified into three health categories: unhealthy (from −1.00 to 0.15), moderately healthy (from 0.15 to 0.35), and very healthy (from 0.35 to 1.00). Field validation across 94 stratified random sampling plots confirmed that NDVI reflects differences in canopy density and leaf greenness. Correlation analyses showed positive associations with plant macronutrients: nitrogen (R² = 0.603), phosphorus (R² = 0.575), potassium (R² = 0.645), and magnesium (R² = 0.520). Spatial analysis revealed heterogeneity in vegetation health across the plantation, with very healthy areas concentrated in central and western divisions, and unhealthy patches primarily in the eastern division. These results indicate that NDVI, when interpreted alongside systematic field measurements, is a cost-effective and spatially explicit indicator of oil palm physiological condition, without implying absolute validation. The findings support targeted, site-specific agronomic interventions and demonstrate the value of integrating moderate-resolution satellite imagery with field-based data for scalable monitoring of large-scale tropical plantations.

Sifat fisika tanah Ultisol yang masam dan kurang mendukung menjadi kendala utama dalam pertumbuhan sistem perakaran serta ketersediaan unsur hara, yang berdampak pada rendahnya produktivitas tanaman cabai rawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan karakteristik fisika tanah dan hasil cabai rawit sebagai respons terhadap aplikasi mulsa sabut kelapa dan pupuk kandang kambing pada tanah Ultisol masam. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan berjenis Ultisol dengan menggunakan rancangan kelompok pola faktorial, di mana faktor pertama adalah pemberian mulsa sabut kelapa yang terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu : tanpa mulsa sebagai kontrol (M0), 5 Mg ha-1 (M1) dan 10 Mg ha-1 (M2), sedangkan faktor kedua adalah pupuk kandang kambing yang terdiri dari 3 taraf, yakni: tanpa pupuk sebagai kontrol (P0), 5 Mg ha-1 (P1) dan 10 Mg ha-1 (P2). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi mulsa dan pupuk kandang secara positif meningkatkan porositas, kadar air dan C organik tanah, dan sebaliknya menurunkan berat isi tanah. Terdapat interaksi yang signifikan antara pemberian mulsa dan pupuk kandang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 10 Mg ha-1 pupuk kandang kambing atau kombinasi mulsa 10 Mg ha-1 dan 5 Mg ha-1 pupuk kambing memberikan hasil cabai rawit tertinggi, sehingga dapat direkomendasikan untuk peningkatan hasil cabai rawit pada Ultisol masam.

Conservation governance is frequently characterized as a rule-based system in which bureaucratic actors enforce standardized regulations to protect biodiversity. In practice, however, conservation policies are implemented within socially contested landscapes. Strict regulatory enforcement may generate conflict and undermine governance objectives. Although public administration research underscores the importance of bureaucratic discretion in policy implementation, limited attention has been paid to its influence on environmental governance in developing countries. This article investigates discretionary practices in Indonesian conservation area management using an ethnographic approach that incorporates interviews, field observations, and case studies across multiple sites. The findings demonstrate that discretion occupies a central, yet frequently unacknowledged, role in conservation governance and is often reframed through policy narratives such as innovation, partnership, or ecosystem restoration. Discretion is not evenly distributed within the bureaucracy: field-level officials exercise relational discretion to address local community conflicts; regional agencies adopt defensive discretion in response to accountability pressures; and central authorities utilize strategic discretion when enforcement intersects with political or economic interests. These findings suggest that discretionary practices enable conservation institutions to adapt rigid regulations to the realities of practical governance. By analyzing how discretion is shielded, stratified, and enabled, this study contributes to ongoing debates on environmental governance and policy implementation in the Global South.

The decrease of soil quality as a result of anthropogenic activities is one of the challenges in achieving the sustainable plant productivity. Therefore, the analysis of physical, chemical and biological characters of soil needs to be carried out periodically in order to assess the changes in soil quality. Hence, several physical and chemical attributes of soil have been evaluated to determine soil quality of irrigated and rainfed rice fields as well as providing management directives to improve the soils in Maginti District, West Muna Regency. This study was performed in the form of a survey in which sample points were determined purposively for 2 types of land use, namely irrigated and rainfed rice fields. Six soil sample were collected from irrigated paddy fields, meanwhile in rainfed rice fields 3 soil samples were taken and each sample point consisted of 4 subsamples and then composited, so that 9 composite samples were obtained. The variables observed included: soil texture, pH, organic C, and total N, as well as P and available K. The results revealed that several chemical properties of irrigated soil were higher than in rainfed rice fields, such as soil pH (6.3), organic C (0.99%), total N (0.27%), and available P (40.54 kg ha-1), while available K was low (72.2 kg ha-1). The soil quality index of irrigated and rainfed rice fields was 0.56 (medium) and 0.36 (low), respectively, with the main limiting factor being the low organic C levels, especially in rainfed rice fields. Therefore, to improve soil quality, it is highly recommended to combine inorganic and organic fertilizers to maintain sustainable soil fertility.

Pine forests (Pinus merkusii Jungh.) in Indonesia are the result of reforestation programs initiated in the 1960s. In some areas including the case examined in this study, these monoculture plantations have subsequently been allocated for community management under social forestry schemes, whereas many others remain under direct state forest management. The dominance of monoculture systems and the decline in pine stand productivity have limited the optimization of economic, ecological, and social functions for surrounding communities. Transforming management towards multifunctional forest landscapes offers a new perspective to simultaneously improve the performance of social forestry management. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of landscape structure, community socio-economics, and design adaptive and multifunctional forest management in social forestry areas through an exploratory case study involving the Abbulo Sibatang Farmers Group as a partner. Participatory observation, in-depth interviews, FGDs, and flora-fauna inventories were conducted to collect data. Analysis of the dynamics of landscape structure, biodiversity, and livelihoods was conducted to strengthen the research findings. By considering physical factors, biodiversity, local community needs for forest land, and the function of state forest areas, the landscape structure of monoculture pine plantations is arranged into three management regimes: (1) protection and biodiversity regime, (2) non-timber forest product utilization regime, and (3) food utilization regime. These findings can serve as a model for the development of social forestry areas that coordinate economic, social, ecological, and environmental functions through a series of interventions in each regime, accompanied by strengthening multi-actor synergies and local knowledge-based community involvement to realize adaptive, contextual, and sustainable forest management.

Some inhabitants and remote position in the city of Kolaka area is used of some kinds of plant to heal the deseases problem in the society. The present investigation aimed at documenting etnobotanical important species of plants used by Mekongganese tribe in the Kolaka region of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The composed data were obtained in the field observation for qualitative explanation, information from traditional healers were gathered by structural interviews, the plants observed were documented, and herbarium were made. Out of 66 plants species were belonging to 39 families that reported in this study. There have been recorded from this region for the first time. A total of 66 species of medicinal plants observed, were documented and used as medicinal plants for cures the ilnes of Mekongganese tribe.

Abstract. Kilowasid LMH, Al’adlin, Alam S, Rakian TC, Rahni NM, Adawiyah R. 2026. Soil invertebrates in an Ultisol soybean agroecosystem amended with urea-enriched cogongrass biochar prepared with Sargassum extract. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270116. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270116. Soil invertebrates are widely used as bioindicators to assess changes in ecological functioning under different management practices. However, information on the influence of enriched biochar amendments on the community of invertebrates in tropical Ultisol remains limited, particularly in the context of reducing dependency on synthetic fertilizer through organic-based management. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the interactive effects of cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) biochar doses and urea concentrations dissolved in Sargassum seaweed extract on the abundance and diversity of soil invertebrates in an Ultisol-based soybean agroecosystem. A split-plot experiment was conducted using three biochar doses (0, 5, and 10 t ha⁻¹) and four urea solution concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 20%) as main plots and subplots, respectively. Soil-surface invertebrates were collected using pitfall traps, while soil-living invertebrates were sampled through hand-sorting and monolith methods, and identified at the family level. The results showed that biochar and urea amendments significantly restructured the community of soil invertebrates, with contrasting responses between soil-surface and soil-living groups. Biochar dose primarily influenced surface-active invertebrates, and urea concentration affected specific soil-living taxa, with interaction effects observed for selected functional groups. Higher biochar doses increased community diversity, as reflected by higher Shannon-Wiener and lower Simpson indices, while moderate urea concentrations supported the highest taxon richness. Optimized biochar-urea combinations enhanced the abundance of predatory invertebrates, particularly ants (Formicidae), without reducing overall taxonomic diversity. These findings show that urea-enriched cogongrass biochar prepared with Sargassum extract can improve soil ecological functioning through beneficial restructuring of the community of invertebrates, supporting its potential role in sustainable nutrient management and biodiversity-based restoration of degraded tropical Ultisol agroecosystem.

Keragaman topografi merupakan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi sifat fisika dan kimia tanah sawah tadah hujan dan hal ini sangat mempengaruhi kesuburan tanah. Oleh karena itu telah dilakukan suatu penelitian untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh topografi terhadap beberapa karakteristik tanah sawah tadah hujan di Sindang Kasih, Kabupaten Konawe Selatan. Survei lapangan dilakukan pada lahan sawah tadah hujan seluas 150 ha yang titik sampelnya ditentukan secara purposif. Pengambilan sampel tanah dibagi menjadi 3 kategori berdasarkan ketinggian tempat: lahan atas, tengah dan bawah, dengan ketinggian masing-masing 88, 79 dan 66 meter di atas permukaan laut. Pada setiap ketinggian, diambil 3 titik sampel yang terdiri dari 4 subsampel kemudian dikompositkan menjadi 9 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketinggian tempat memberikan pengaruh yang relatif sama terhadap kelas tekstur tanah (liat), pH tanah dan K-total tanah, namun kadar C-organik, P total, KTK dan KB meningkat secara signifikan dengan semakin menurunnya ketinggian tempat. Diamati hubungan yang kuat antara kadar C-organik dengan KTK tanah (r=0,88), serta pH dengan KTK tanah (r=0,80). Hasil evaluasi menyimpulkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kesuburan tanah seiring dengan bertambahnya ketinggian, sehingga diperlukan pertimbangan khusus untuk memulihkan kesuburan tanah pada lahan atas dan tengah.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak penerapan Peraturan Wali Kota Makassar Nomor 21 Tahun 2023 tentang Pelarangan Penggunaan Kantong Plastik terhadap pendapatan minimarket di Kota Makassar, mengidentifikasi proses adaptasi perilaku konsumen, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pendapatan, serta kendala dalam implementasi kebijakan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik purposive sampling terhadap informan utama yang terdiri dari kepala toko, crew store, dan konsumen minimarket di Kota Makassar. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan tahapan reduksi data, coding, pengelompokan tema, penyajian data, dan verifikasi sesuai tahapan Miles, Huberman, dan Saldaña serta Braun dan Clarke. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pelarangan kantong plastik memberikan dampak transisional berupa penurunan transaksi pada tiga bulan pertama implementasi, namun aktivitas penjualan kembali stabil secara bertahap setelah konsumen beradaptasi melalui tiga fase: resistensi awal, penyesuaian, dan pembiasaan membawa tas belanja sendiri. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pendapatan meliputi perubahan perilaku konsumen, harga goodie bag, ketersediaan tas ramah lingkungan, efektivitas sosialisasi, dan persaingan dengan ritel lain yang belum konsisten menerapkan kebijakan. Kendala implementasi terutama berupa kebiasaan konsumen, keterlambatan distribusi goodie bag, persepsi harga yang mahal, dan sosialisasi yang belum merata. Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan lingkungan dapat mendukung tujuan keberlanjutan tanpa menimbulkan dampak ekonomi permanen pada sektor ritel modern, sepanjang didukung oleh komunikasi kebijakan yang efektif dan kesiapan pelaku usaha. Peneliti selanjutnya disarankan memperluas objek penelitian ke berbagai jaringan ritel dengan metode campuran serta mengintegrasikan aspek sustainability accounting secara lebih komprehensif.

Penelitian ini digolongkan sebagai penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah dua siswa yang melakukan kesalahan yang paling banyak yaitu satu siswa perempuan dan satu siswa laki-laki. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini Tes Penyelesaian Masalah Matematika (TPMM), wawancara, dan alat rekam audio. Data dianalisis melalui tahapan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Siswa mengalami berbagai kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika, mulai dari memahami masalah hingga memeriksa Kembali jawaban akhir. Pada tahap awal, siswa kesulitan memahami bahasa soal, simbol matematika, dan informasi penting serta cenderung bergantung pada bantuan dari luar. Pada tahap perencanaan, siswa seringkali bingung dalam menentukan langkah-langkah, memilih strategi yang kurang tepat, serta kesulitan melanjutkan proses penyelesaian masalah. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, kesalahan yang muncul meliputi salah mengartikan satuan, kesalahan hitung, dan kegagalan menyusun langkah-langkah yang sesuai dengan konteks masalah. Meskipun beberapa siswa mampu menentukan rumus awal yang benar, pelaksanaan sering kali terganggu oleh kurangnya kemampuan mengaitkan hasil dengan konteks dan kesulitan dalam melakukan konversi dengan tepat. Terakhir, dalam memeriksa kembali jawaban, siswa umumnya tidak melakukan refleksi secara memadai, cenderung percaya diri terlalu cepat merasa yakin terhadap hasil, dan belum memiliki kesadaran metakognitif yang berkembang secara optimal. Keseluruhan temuan mengindikasikan perlunya penguatan keterampilan memahami soal, menyusun strategi, berpikir reflektif, dan pemahaman metakognitif dalam pembelajaran matematika.

The slope gradient is one of the critical factors influencing soil functions through erosion, transportation and soil sedimentation. The general objective of this study was to evaluate the change of soil quality at different slopes gradient and specifically to prepare a soil quality data base as a reference for making sustainable land use policies. This study used a systematic free survey method in which the sample points were determined purposively based on the slope gradient, namely 0-8% and 8-15%. Three sample points were set up at each slope gradient comprising 4 subsamples each and then composited, so that 9 composite samples were obtained. Soil properties observed include texture, pH, organic C, total N, available P and K. The results highlighted that the soil organic C, total N and available K at 0-8% slope gradient increased by 88.25%, 29.87% and 10.53% respectively compared to the 8-15% slope gradient. The Soil Quality Index (SQI) at 0-8% and 8-15% slopes gradient was recorded by 0.70 (good) and 0.60 (moderate), respectively. It was observed a decline in organic C and total N as well as available K with an increasing of slope gradient. Therefore, it is highly recommended to practice a conservation planting system to avoid a decline in soil quality in the future.

Klasifikasi tanah diperlukan karena setiap jenis tanah memiliki sifat dan ciri yang spesifik, potensi dan kendala untuk penggunaan tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasikan tanah menurut pengetahuan masyarakat lokal pada Lithosekuen lahan pertanian dan padanannya berdasarkan Soil Taxonomi di Desa Latawe Kabupaten Muna Barat. Metode penelitin yang digunakan yaitu menggunakan metode survei bebas yang mengacu pada Satuan Peta Geologi (SPG) dengan tipe pengamatan profil tanah. Klasifikasi tanah menurut pengetahuan lokal dilakukan dengan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosial melalui mewawancarai masyarakat lokal Desa Latawe dan selanjutnya dipadankan klasifikasi tanahnya berdasarkan Taxonomi Tanah USDA. Hasil klasifikasi tanah pada lithosekuen lahan pertanian menurut pengetahuan masyarakat lokal yaitu pada SPG 1A (bahan induk alluvium) diklasifikasikan wite kakuni (tanah kuning), SPG 2A (bahan induk batu gamping) diklasifikasikan wite kaghito (tanah hitam), SPG 1B (bahan induk alluvium) diklasifikasikan wite bhone (tanah berpasir), dan SPG 2B (bahan induk batu gamping) diklasifikasikan wite awu (tanah berkapur). Hasil klasifikasi tanah menurut pengetahuan masyarakat lokal dipadankan dengan Taksonomi Tanah yaitu profil I termasuk dalam ordo Inceptisols, profil II termasuk dalam ordo Alfisols, profil III termasuk ordo Ultisols, dan profil IV termasuk dalam ordo Vertisol. Lithosekuen berkontribusi pada sifat dan ciri tanah yang berbeda baik yang diklasifikasi menurut pengetahun petani lokal maupun sisem Taksonomi Tanah

This study aims to demonstrate how the problematization of the food estate policy in South Papua leads to the provision of solutions that adhere to a specific approach to utilizing information in policy development. Previous studies have examined the implementation of food estate policies in many regions, including South Papua. Likewise, the social and ecological impacts of the policy are considered. However, few have examined the thought processes that inform these policies. This study seeks to fill that gap by examining the discourse underlying the formation of the food estate policy. Using the policy discourse analysis method with the What’s the Problem Representation to be (WPR) approach, this study analyzes how the solution emerges from the problem representation created through the political process that has occurred since the policy was initiated and parses the interests behind the solution formed in the food estate policy in South Papua. The Indonesian government claims that the food estate project in South Papua is a solution to the food crisis and a bulwark of national food security. However, what is considered a solution by the government has been refuted by various parties who see that this policy is a disaster for the community. Instead of solving the problem, food estates have taken away indigenous peoples’ land and the diversity of village livelihoods, damaged forest ecosystems, eliminated biodiversity , and directly contributed to global warming. This study contributes to applying critical thinking in policy studies by exposing the political process of the food estate policy since its proposal as a national strategic project.

Masalah stunting di Indonesia masih menjadi fokus utama perhatian pemerintah. Salah satu penyebab stunting pada balita adalah kurangnya asupan nutrisi, terutama energi, protein, zat besi, zink, dan kalsium. Upaya untuk meningkatkan status gizi dapat dilakukan melalui pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrisi, seperti pemberian biskuit sebagai makanan pendamping. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang diselenggarakan oleh LPPM Politeknik Bina Husada Kendari dan Universitas Halu Oleo merupakan bentuk kerja sama dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan daun tawaloho dan jamur tiram dalam bentuk biskuit sebagai bahan cemilan sehat untuk mencegah stunting di Desa Amaroa, Kabupaten Konawe. Pembuatan biskuit sebagai cemilan memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan makanan tambahan pencegah stunting bagi balita. Metode kegiatan dilakukan melalui pembuatan biskuit pada masyarakat Desa Amaroa sebanyak 30 orang. Kegiatan dilakukan dimulai dari pemanenan, sortasi basah, sortasi kering, pengeringan, pemotongan dan penghalusan daun tawaloho dan jamur tiram. Selanjutnya dibuat dengan variasi konsentrasi yaitu FA (1 g), FB (3 g), dan FC (5 g) lalu dilakukan pengujian organoleptik, kesukaan, kekerasan dan keseragaman bobot. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Desa Amaroa memiliki antusias yang tinggi berpartisipasi mengukuti kegiatan sampai selesai. Pada pengujian organoleptik, biskuit pada formula FA, FB dan FC berwarna kuning kecoklatan, bau khas susu, dan memiliki rasa yang renyah. Uji kekerasan dan keseragaman bobot pada FA, FB dan FC memiliki tekstur biskuit dengan berat yang seragam. Uji kesukaan menunjukkan biskuit pada FA(100%), FB(100%), dan FC(100%). Sebagai kesimpulan bahwa daun tawalowo dan jamur tiram dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk biskuit dan dimanfaatkan sebagai cemilan pencegah stunting di Desa Amaroa Kabupaten Konawe.

The soil quality of Ultisol, which is indicated by its chemical properties, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and root nodules, is important for soybean growth. Cogongrass biochar enriched with N fertilizer solution using solvent from seaweed extract can change the soil quality. Using various seaweed extract solvents, this study sought to (i) test the impact of cogongrass biochar enriched with N fertilizer solution on the soil chemical quality and (ii) examine the effects of soil chemical changes on AMF, root nodules, tissue nutrient content, and soybean yield. The treatments consisted of (i) without biochar (B0), (ii) cogongrass biochar without enrichment (BN0), (iii) cogongrass biochar enriched with urea solution using solvent from extract of Kappapychus alvarezii (BNK), (iv) cogongrass biochar enriched with urea solution using solvent from extract of Sargassum sp. (BNS), and (v) cogongrass biochar enriched with urea solution using solvent extract of Ulva lactuca (BNU). In a randomized block design, each treatment was carried out three times. With or without fertilization, cogongrass biochar improves the chemical fertility of the soil. The increase in NH4+-N and nitrate-N content of the soil in enriched cogongrass biochar was greater than in unenriched. The AMF spores density and root nodules were reduced following enrichment. When biochar was added, there were more pods, pod dry weight, total seeds, and regular seeds per plant. In conclusion, the impact of increasing soil ammonium content led to decreased density of AMF spores, root infections, and root nodules. The level of available P greatly affected the components of soybean yield in Ultisol.

Krisis ekonomi yang melanda dunia secara otomatis memperburuk situasi ekonomi di Indonesia pada periode tahun 1997 hingga 1998. Selama krisis tersebut, hanya sektor Usaha Mikro Kecil Menengah (UMKM) yang mampu bertahan dengan kuat. Fenomena ini menunjukkan bahwa UMKM dapat menjadi kegiatan produktif yang mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi baik secara makro maupun mikro di Indonesia, serta memiliki dampak positif terhadap perkembangan sektor lainnya. Undang-Undang Nomor 20 tahun 2008 tentang Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) menetapkan regulasi bagi sektor UMKM. Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) menjadi prioritas utama dalam pembangunan nasional serta Kehadiran teknologi digital pada era revolusi industri 4.0 ini menjadi faktor yang sangat penting bagi pengembangan lini usaha bagi pelaku industri atau usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama usaha dan metode promosi terhadap pendapatan UMKM di Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar. Pendakatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dimana sumber data diperoleh secara langsung (primer) melalui metode wawancana dan penyebaran kuisioner. Adapun hasil penelitian ini ialah variabel lama usaha dan promosi secara simultan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pendapatan UMKM. Sedangkan, secara parsial variabel lama usaha tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap pendapatan UMKM, sebaliknya variabel Promosi memilik pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pendapatan UMKM. Nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 90%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel lama usaha dan variabel promosi sangat mempengaruhi perubahan pendapatan UMKM di Kecamatan Polewali Kabupaten Polewali Mandar.