Supplementary Figure Legend from p73β-Mediated Apoptosis Requires p57^kip2 Induction and IEX-1 Inhibition

Supplementary Figure S1 from p73β-Mediated Apoptosis Requires p57^kip2 Induction and IEX-1 Inhibition

Rapid and widespread evolution of multiple herbicide resistance in global weed species endowed by increased capacity to metabolize (degrade) herbicides (metabolic resistance) is a great threat to herbicide sustainability and global food production. Metabolic resistance in the economically damaging crop weed species Lolium rigidum is well known but a molecular understanding has been lacking. We purified a metabolic resistant (R) subset from a field evolved R L. rigidum population. The R, the herbicide susceptible (S) and derived F-2 populations were used for candidate herbicide resistance gene discovery by RNA sequencing. A P450 gene CYP81A10v7 was identified with higher expression in R vs. S plants. Transgenic rice overexpressing this Lolium CYP81A10v7 gene became highly resistant to acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase- and acetolactate synthase-inhibiting herbicides (diclofop-methyl, tralkoxydim, chlorsulfuron) and moderately resistant to hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibiting herbicide (mesotrione), photosystem II-inhibiting herbicides (atrazine and chlorotoluron) and the tubulin-inhibiting herbicide trifluralin. This wide cross-resistance profile to many dissimilar herbicides in CYP81A10v7 transgenic rice generally reflects what is evident in the R L. rigidum. This report clearly showed that a single P450 gene in a cross-pollinated weed species L. rigidum confers resistance to herbicides of at least five modes of action across seven herbicide chemistries.

A 2 week old girl, born at 32 weeks gestational age and birth weight 1900 g, presented with occasional acholic stools. Abdominal examination was normal. Biochemical study revealed high-serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels (114 U/l [normal: 11--50 U/L]), normal alkaline phosphatase (252 U/L [150--400 U/L] and normal conjugated bilirubin (0.2 mg/dL [0--0.2 mg/dL]). Doppler ultrasound showed inversion of the superior messenteric vessels and a normal biliary system. Gastrointestinal contrast study revealed intestinal malrotation (Fig. 1). Exploratory laparoscopy confirmed a nonrotation of the midgut (malrotation type 1A) (1) and a preduodenal portal vein (PPV) causing partial obstruction (Fig. 2). After a Ladd bands procedure, laparotomy was necessary to perform an end-to-end duodenojejunal anastomosis anterior to the PPV. Stools became normal after the operation, and the GGT levels decreased to 25 U/L 3 months later.FIGURE 1: Gastrointestinal transit showing a duodenum with no rotation, which remains on the right of the midline with the rest of the small intestine.FIGURE 2: Intraoperative image showing a preduodenal portal vein (blue vessel loop) compressing the duodenum.PPV is an infrequent cause of duodenal obstruction (4%) (2). Three-fourths of them have a defective situs determination. Half of children remain asymptomatic. We, however, suspect its involvement in our patient intermittent acholia. On the other hand, intestinal malrotation has an incidence of 0.2% (3) and a PPV should be considered during its operative correction (4). Duodenoduodenostomy and duodenojejunostomy are the most described surgical treatments when this vascular anomaly leads to a complete or partial blockage (5).

Severe Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is associated with complications such as acute pancreatitis (AP) with high morbidity and mortality rates. We report a 42 years-old man with refractory HTG diagnosed at 19 years of age, and multiple episodes of AP, admitted with the suspicion of a new AP episode. Serum triglycerides were over 2000 mg/dl. His body mass index was 18 kg/m 2 , there was no evidence ofxanthomas or xanthelasmas, but lipemia retinalis was found. Management included heparin and insulin, added to his usual treatment with fibrates, statins, omega-3 fatty acids, and orlistat. Due to lack of response, apheresis was started. After five sessions, triglycerides decreased to 588 mg/dl (82% reduction) and levels remained below 1000 mg/dl with daily apheresis. The patient continued with weekly sessions as outpatient with a sustained good response.

Severe Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is associated with complications such as acute pancreatitis (AP) with high morbidity and mortality rates. We report a 42 years-old man with refractory HTG diagnosed at 19 years of age, and multiple episodes of AP, admitted with the suspicion of a new AP episode. Serum triglycerides were over 2000 mg/dl. His body mass index was 18 kg/m2, there was no evidence of xanthomas or xanthelasmas, but lipemia retinalis was found. Management included heparin and insulin, added to his usual treatment with fibrates, statins, omega-3 fatty acids, and orlistat. Due to lack of response, apheresis was started. After five sessions, triglycerides decreased to 588 mg/dl (82% reduction) and levels remained below 1000 mg/dl with daily apheresis. The patient continued with weekly sessions as outpatient with a sustained good response.

Synthetic analogues of plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) bearing a yet unexplored head group motif were prepared based on a combination of agrochemical experience, in vivo hits and structure-based design. It could thus be explored how modifying key parts of ABA's cyclohexenone unit influenced receptor affinity and in vivo efficacy against drought stress in selected crops. Cyano-cyclopropyl groups proved to be suitable replacements of the cyclohexanone moiety leading to ABA analogues with strong activity in vitro and in vivo. Their efficient and versatile synthesis proceeded via Stille or Sonogashira couplings as the key steps. Combining novel cyano-cyclopropyl headgroups with previously identified substituents in the terpenoid side chain afforded the most promising effects against drought stress in crops, particularly canola and wheat.

Novel analogues of the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) were designed and prepared to explore the impact that modifications of its terpenoid side chain have on receptor affinity and in vivo efficacy against drought stress in selected crops. Their efficient and versatile synthesis proceeded via Stille or Sonogashira couplings, shortening the synthetic route significantly. In line with molecular modelling and X-ray crystallography studies novel ABA-derivatives with small alkyl, cycloalkyl or haloalkyl substituents showed strong effects in vitro and in vivo against drought stress in crops, particularly canola and wheat.

The Front Cover shows common iterative steps of modern agrochemical research in the foreground with ears of wheat plants close to being harvested in the background. Inspired by nature, that is, by plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA), novel lead structures targeting drought stress in crops such as wheat or canola have been identified. In vivo SAR studies based on greenhouse trials and chemical optimization were supported by systems biology, in vitro analyses, and X-ray crystallography. It could thus be explored how modification of the key structural features of ABA influences receptor affinity and in vivo efficacy. As a result, cyano-cyclopropyl groups proved to be suitable replacements for the cyclohexanone headgroup motif. More information can be found in the full papers by J. Frackenpohl, E. Grill et al. (ejoc.201701687 and ejoc.201701769)

Nature 440, 702–706 (2006); doi:10.1038/nature04585 In this Letter, some PCR input panels contain duplicated bands (Figs 1b and 2a; and Supplementary Figs 4 and 6a). In Fig. 2e, the ARF promoter panel is a duplicate of the RD panel in Supplementary Fig. 8c. The raw data were not available to verify the data.

This chapter begins with an overview of plant genomes, and then discusses methods, applications, and opportunities for weed genome assembly. Assembly of a plant genome requires overcoming some significant challenges. The major challenge arises from the presence of the two non-nuclear genomes belonging to the chloroplast and the mitochondria. Genomic sequencing is deciphering the exact order of nucleotides in a segment of DNA. Molecular biologists, chemists, engineers, and computer scientists have collaborated to develop many sequencing technologies that are commonly referred to as platforms. The continued increase in the scale and accuracy of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, along with the continually decreasing cost, is enabling genomic and transcriptomic research in weeds to proceed at an ever-increasing pace. Genomics approaches have enabled the study of various herbicide resistance traits, including traits with complex genetics such as enhanced herbicide metabolism. The chapter finally discusses transcriptomics approaches in weed science.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.22.8161-8171.2003.].

We have been made aware of certain irregularities in Figures 1d, 2e, and 6b of the above work that are relevant to its results. We have been advised that, during the course of an internal inquiry and subsequent legal proceedings, corresponding author Dr. Susana Gonzalez was not able to provide original raw data or laboratory notes for any of the experiments represented in these figures to explain or justify the results reported in the article. The remaining co-authors maintain, and we accept, that they did not participate in, and nor were they aware of, this omission. We believe the foregoing constitutes a breach of certain representations and warranties made by the corresponding author Dr. Gonzalez to us with respect to complying with ethical standards and practices governing scientific research and conduct, and of our policy on publishing ethics and integrity. We note that we received, peer-reviewed, accepted, and published the article in good faith based on the purported veracity of these representations and warranties. We have been informed in our decisionmaking to retract the work by the guidance of COPE guidelines on retractions.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1128/MCB.23.22.8161-8171.2003.].

In the new educational framework developed in the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), teaching models are changing in order to focus the educational process on student learning. Consequently, the evaluation process should not be based on a unique final exam, but on a continuous assessment during the semester. In this sense, the use of a learning management system (LMS), such as Moodle, is valuable in order to assist in the administration of the different assessment activities and improving the teacher-student communication.In our department, as part of a teaching research network, we have been interested in the continuous assessment activities and their overall influence in the process of evaluation. As starting point for the study, the relationship that existed between the subject final grade and the score on the final exam (40% to 50% on the final grade) has been considered. The final grade was almost systematically superior to the mark obtained in the final test, so the activities during the semester turned to be important in the course evaluation. The scores for the ongoing evaluation activities and their impact in the final grade have been analyzed for subjects of different degrees. The subjects have been selected with the aim of covering a diverse range of professional backgrounds and students: "Chemistry" (Optics and Optometry Degree), "Chemistry" (Biology Degree and Marine Science Degree), "Applied Organic Chemistry" (Chemical Engineering Degree) and "Structural Determination of Organic Compounds" (Chemistry Degree). There are different activities in the continuous assessment process in each of the subjects considered in this study, albeit three groups can be set. (a) Moodle Tests, which are made by students on the subject contents throughout the semester. (b) Exercises done in class, similar to the final exam and performed in class throughout the semester problems. And (c) Laboratory Practices, which involves carrying out experiments/problems in the laboratory and making the reports.Our study revealed that the more practical is the activity, the better results for the students. Therefore, the participation of the students in the different activities improves the learning process, although other aspects of the practical activities may also influence positively. A complete analysis of how each of the continuous evaluation activities contribute to the result obtained by the students will be discussed in our communication.

During the last years, and as part of a teaching research network, teachers of the Department of Organic Chemistry (University of Alicante) have conducted a thorough study on the process of teaching and learning in the area of chemistry, analyzing different strategies and methodologies. From this learning, it can be drawn that a very important part of the students training is the practical activities carried out during the semester. Therefore, the study of the assessment by the students of aspects related with the practical credits was considered of interest.In this research work it has been considered the evaluation by the student regarding different aspects on the practical credits of experimental subjects such as, "Chemistry" (in the Biology Degree and Marine Science Degree), "Structural Determination of Organic Compounds" and "Pharmaceutical Chemistry" (in the Chemistry Degree), and "Applied Organic Chemistry" (in the Chemical Engineering Degree. The subjects belong to different courses and degrees to cover a more heterogeneous range of students with different professional trainings. A questionnaire, where different aspects of the practical credits of the subject are collected, was prepared. The students filled in anonymously the questionnaire once the corresponding practical classes of the course were completed. In general, the students found the practical credits very important as learning activities. The importance of the practices increases for the students in higher courses. Furthermore, the percentage of students giving positive assessment to the practical credits is higher to those belonging to the Chemistry Degree. Most of the students think that the practical sessions help to learn the theoretical contents. The complete study and results will be presented and discussed in our communication.

Aim The aim of this study was to explore the perception of primary care nurses regarding the need and use of knowledge from research, as a basis for evidence-based practice in their workplace. Additionally, the study aimed to determine which factors might hinder or enable implementation into daily practice. Background Evidence-based practice involves integrating best results in research with clinical experience, which enables us to provide a higher quality of care, as well as to optimize the care given. International studies show that nurses feel that there are still many barriers that hinder their doing research and incorporating new findings into clinical practice; although in the field of primary care, few studies have been carried out. Methods This descriptive qualitative study design used focus groups to collect data. This study was carried out in Spanish primary care centres. Forty-six registered nurses took part in this study and were divided into five focus groups. Results Three significant themes emerged: awareness of the need to use research, nurses as knowledge-generation agents and motivation to use research despite barriers. Limitations A limited number of participants and a convenience sample were used. Conclusion Nurses recognize that professional health care must be based on evidence obtained from daily work – both originated by their colleagues and by themselves – and they are willing to work on it although they perceive a lack of competence for this purpose and demand support from their institutions. Implications for nursing policy Primary care institutions should empower nursing coordinators as leaders of evidence-based practice and implicate clinical nurses from the beginning on the implementation of guidelines.

H9c2 myoblasts are a cell model used as an alternative for cardiomyocytes. H9c2 cells have the ability to differentiate towards a cardiac phenotype when the media serum is reduced in the presence of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), creating multinucleated cells with low proliferative capacity. In the present study, we performed for the first time a transcriptional analysis of the H9c2 cell line in two differentiation states, i.e. embryonic cells and differentiated cardiac-like cells. The results show that RA-induced H9c2 differentiation increased the expression of genes encoding for cardiac sarcomeric proteins such as troponin T, or calcium transporters and associated machinery, including SERCA2, ryanodine receptor and phospholamban as well as genes associated with mitochondrial energy production including respiratory chain complexes subunits, mitochondrial creatine kinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I and uncoupling proteins. Undifferentiated myoblasts showed increased gene expression of pro-survival proteins such as Bcl-2 as well as cell cycle-regulating proteins. The results indicate that the differentiation of H9c2 cells lead to an increase of transcripts and protein levels involved in calcium handling, glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism, confirming that H9c2 cell differentiation induced by RA towards a more cardiac-like phenotype involves remodeled mitochondrial function. PI3K, PDK1 and p-CREB also appear to be involved on H9c2 differentiation. Furthermore, complex analysis of differently expressed transcripts revealed significant up-regulation of gene expression related to cardiac muscle contraction, dilated cardiomyopathy and other pathways specific for the cardiac tissue. Metabolic and gene expression remodeling impacts cell responses to different stimuli and determine how these cells are used for biochemical assays.