В результате изучения химического состава эндемичного вида Казахстана танацетопсиса Пятаевой (Tanacetopsis Pjataevae (Kovalevsk.) Karmyscheva) впервые выделены сесквитерпеновые γ-лактоны гваянового ряда арглабин, β-изоэпоксиэстафиатин, новый гваянолид 3-кето-10β-гидрокси-5,7α,4,6β(Н)-гвай-1,11(13)-диен-6,12-олид. Пространственное строение соединений установлено рентгенодифракционным методом.

применяются в народной медицине многих стран как лекарственное сырье. В настоящее время в Государственную фармакопею Республики Казахстан включен только Шалфей лекарственный (Salvia officinalis L.), однако в естественных условиях Центрального Казахстана этот вид не произрастает. В качестве замещающего растения нами предложен Шалфей степной (Salvia stepposa Des.-Shost.), широко распространенный на территории Республики Казахстан, имеющийся значительные сырьевые ресурсы и обладающий сравнительно выраженными антимикробными, противовоспалительными, антиоксидантными свойствами за счет мажорного компонента в своем составе фенилпропаноида розмариновой кислоты.Экстракция сырья впервые проведена различными методами с использованием ультразвуковой кавитации, микроволновой экстракции и мацерации с использованием водно-этанольных растворов. Методом ВЭЖХ проведено определение содержания розмариновой кислоты в сухих экстрактах шалфея степного. Максимальный выход экстрактов отмечен при микроволновой экстракции 40%-ным этиловым спиртом. Для последующей стандартизации лекарственных средств на основе шалфея степного нами был выделен и идентифицирован основной компонент — розмариновая кислота, которая обладает антирадикальной активностью.

As a result of studying the chemical composition of the Kazakhstan endemic species Tanacetopsis Pjataevae ( Tanacetopsis Pjataevae (Kovalevsk.) Karmyscheva), the following guaianolide-type γ-lactones are isolated: arglabin, β-isoepoxyestafiatin, and a new 3-keto-10β-hydroxy-5,7α,4,6β(H)-gvai-1,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide guaianolide. The structure of these compounds is established by X-ray diffraction.

The article presents the results of a chemical study of Tanacetopsis pjataevae, which is an endemic plant in Kazakhstan. The number of extractive substances was obtained by extraction with chloroform from the air-dry crushed above-ground part of the plant collected in the flowering phase. Isolation of compounds was carried out by column chromatography on a column of silica gel brand KSK at a ratio of sum - carrier = 1:20. A colorless crystalline substance of the composition C15H18O4 with m.p. 189-191 degrees C (recrystallized from diethyl ether) was found when the column was eluted with a mixture of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (87.5:12.5). The structure of the obtained new compound (3-oxo-10 beta-hydroxy-5,7 alpha(H),6 beta(H)-guai-1,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide) was established based on IR, NMR analysis and mass spectra. The spatial structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction method. It was established that the 3-oxo-10 beta-hydroxy-5,7 alpha(H),6 beta(H)-guai-1,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide molecule in the crystal is disordered over two conformational states in the 6 :4 ratio. The stability of these conformers was confirmed by semi-empirical quantum-chemical calculations. It was established that the difference in the heat of formation of two conformers was 6.3 kJ/mol for a free molecule.

The article presents the results of a chemical study of Tanacetopsis pjataevae, which is an endemic plant in Kazakhstan. The number of extractive substances was obtained by extraction with chloroform from the air-dry crushed above-ground part of the plant collected in the flowering phase. Isolation of compounds was carried out by column chromatography on a column of silica gel brand KSK at a ratio of sum - carrier = 1:20. A colorless crystalline substance of the composition C15H18O4 with m.p. 189–191°C (recrystallized from diethyl ether) was found when the column was eluted with a mixture of petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (87.5:12.5). The structure of the obtained new compound (3-oxo-10β-hydroxy-5,7α(Н),6β(Н)-guai-1,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide) was established based on IR, NMR analysis and mass spectra. The spatial structure was determined by the X-ray diffraction method. It was established that the 3-oxo-10β-hydroxy-5,7α(Н),6β(Н)-guai-1,11(13)-diene-6,12-olide molecule in the crystal is disordered over two conformational states in the 6 :4 ratio. The stability of these conformers was confirmed by semi-empirical quantum-chemical calculations. It was established that the difference in the heat of formation of two conformers was 6.3 kJ/mol for a free molecule.

The accumulation of biofilm by Streptococcus mutans bacteria on dental hard tissues leads to dental caries which remains one of the most common oral diseases. Therefore, the development of new antibacterial agents is critical. The aim of the study was to analyze the component composition of essential oils for 4 species of common Kazakh plants (Hyssopus ambiguus (Trautv.) Iljin., Nepeta cataria L., Origanum vulgare L., Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam) and study their effect on the formation of biofilms of Streptococcus mutans. After hydrodistillation, the chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry. The amount of biofilm formed by the bacteria Streptococcus mutans was assessed using the colorimetric method and optical profilometry. Results. Using GC-MS analysis, the chemical composition of 4 plant species of the Lamiaceae family was established. 1.8-cineole is the main ingredient for the essential oils of Hyssopus ambiguus and Nepeta cataria, carvacrol for Origanum vulgare, pullegon for Ziziphora clinopodioides, and nepetolactone for Nepeta cataria. As a result of the experiment Origanum vulgare and Nepeta cataria essential oils demonstrated the highest suppressive effect on S. mutans biofilm formation in the medium containing 1% sucrose. Conclusion. The results of the research can be used to develop new therapeutic and prophylactic dental products.

In world practice interest in herbal medicines is noticeably increasing every year. From this point of view, plants of the ThymusL. genus of the Lamiaceaefamily are of undoubted interest. Previously we have obtained a dry extract from the aerial part of an endemic plant of the flora of Kazakhstan Thymus crebrifoliusKlokovfor the first time by double extraction of raw plant materials with 70% ethanol using ultrasound. Dry extract of Thymus crebrifoliushas a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including against Helicobacter pylori, while it is not toxic, and can be used as an antimicrobial agent. The article presents the results of a study of the composition of phenolic compounds of dry extract of Thymus crebrifoliususing a combined HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS method. 12 phenolic compounds have been identified and quantified in the dry extract of Thy-mus crebrifolius. Four of them are phenolic acids, and eight are flavonoids. The dominant phenolic compounds are luteolin-7-O-glucoside (109.00mg g−1),rosmarinic acid (30.98mg g−1), naringenin (24.84 mg g−1), epicat-echin (9.98mg g−1),myricetin (6.15mg g−1) and gallic acid (3.41mg g−1). The results of chromatographic analysis will be used to standardize drugs based on dry extract of Thymus crebrifolius.

The germacrane-type sesquiterpene lactones tatridin A and B were isolated for the first time during chemical studies of the extract of Lepidolopha karatavica. The structures of the compounds were elucidated using spectral data and X-ray crystal structure analyses (XSAs). Correlations of the XSAs and CD spectra defined the absolute configurations of the molecules. Possible conformational states of 3,8-deoxytatridin A and B were calculated by a quantum chemical method.

In world practice interest in herbal medicines is noticeably increasing every year. From this point of view, plants of the ThymusL. genus of the Lamiaceaefamily are of undoubted interest. Previously we have obtained a dry extract from the aerial part of an endemic plant of the flora of Kazakhstan Thymus crebrifoliusKlokovfor the first time by double extraction of raw plant materials with 70% ethanol using ultrasound. Dry extract of Thymus crebrifoliushas a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, including against Helicobacter pylori, while it is not toxic, and can be used as an antimicrobial agent. The article presents the results of a study of the composition of phenolic compounds of dry extract of Thymus crebrifoliususing a combined HPLC-UV and HPLC-MS/MS method. 12 phenolic compounds have been identified and quantified in the dry extract of Thy-mus crebrifolius. Four of them are phenolic acids, and eight are flavonoids. The dominant phenolic compounds are luteolin-7-O-glucoside (109.00mg g−1),rosmarinic acid (30.98mg g−1), naringenin (24.84 mg g−1), epicatechin (9.98mg g−1),myricetin (6.15mg g−1) and gallic acid (3.41mg g−1). The results of chromatographic analysis will be used to standardize drugs based on dry extract of Thymus crebrifolius.

Possible reduction of stocks of medicinal plant raw materials of creeping thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) and thyme vulgaris (Thymus vulgaris L.) leads to the need to expand the raw material base of official medicinal plants due to additional plant sources and their integrated use. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive study of the contents of various classes of biologically active substances in the herbs of Thymus rasitatus Klok. and Thymus eremita Klok., which are endemic species growing in the territory of the Karaganda region. It has been established that herbs of Thymus rasitatus Klok. and Thymus eremita Klok. contain a significant number of different classes of biologically active substances, namely terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolcarboxylic acids, tannins, triterpene compounds, water-soluble polysaccharides, pectin substances, amino acids and organic acids. The presence of these substances and the content of a large list of important mineral elements determine the promise of their use in pharmacy and medicine.

The purpose of the study is to determine the composition of the phenolic compounds of ethanol extracts isolated from three species of duckweed: Lemna minor L., Lemna trisulca L. and Lemna polyrrhiza L. (the synonym is Spirodella polyrrhiza Schleid.) and to study its effect on immune system activation.Materials and methods. The objects of the study are: air-dried grass samples of Lemna minor L., Lemna trisuica L. and Lemna polyrrhiza L. collected during their growing season in 2010–2011 in low-flow and stagnant ponds of Kozhevnikovsky and Tomsk districts of Tomsk region. Isolation of polyphenolic complexes (PFC) was carried out by extraction of air-dried raw material with ethyl alcohol. In qualitative and quantitative analysis of the samples studied the method of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on an Agilent 1100 Series instrument (USA) was used in isocratic mode. In the experiments, 200 male C57BL / 6 and BALB / C mice aged 8–12 weeks were used to determine immunomodulatory activity. Cell proliferation was assessed by a colorimetric method. The absorption of the obtained solutions was measured with a multi-channel spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 540 nm. The determination of antibody-forming cells in the spleen was performed by local hemolysis. The titer of antibodies in serum was evaluated in the hemagglutination reaction. The local hypersensitivity reaction of immediate type was assessed by the author’s modification.Results. For the first time the study of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of PFC of Lemna minor L. (LM) , Lemna trisulca L. (LT) trisulkas, and Lemna polyrrhiza L. (LP) : (4,7 ± 0,4)%, (3,3 ± 0,3)%, (12,8 ± 0,7)% was carried out. The highest content of phenolic acids (10,76%) and the sum of flavonoids, isoflavonoids and coumarins (14,7%) were found in the LP sample. The content of chlorogenic and 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids was 2–9 times higher in LP than in other species of duckweed. In LM and LT with concentrations of 5 μg/ml and LP in the range of 0,5–160 μg/ml did not have a toxic effect on antigen presenting cells. When incubated with LT (20 μg/ml), the proliferation of macrophages was reduced by 1,2 times, and when incubated with LM and LT (80 μg/ml), by 1,2 and 1,8 times, respectively. PFC duckweed (LP) did not have a similar effect. LM and LP had a stimulating effect on the production of nitrites in the concentrations of 5 and 20 μg/ml, increasing it by 1,3–1,6 times. Course introduction of LT and LP led to a significant decrease in the number of antibody-forming cells by 1,5 and 2,3 times and a decrease in the local hypersensitivity reaction by 1,9 and 1,5 times, respectively.

The level of trimethylamine N-oxide, exceeding the threshold indices, is a precursor to a number of diseases, leading to disability and death. In this context the definition of titers and the normalization of its levels in the body is one of the stages of preventive medicine. This review presents the methods for determining the levels of TMAO and its metabolic precursors in the biological material. The world practice mainly use the high performance liquid chromatography for TMAO quantitative determination in biological material, the detection is performed using tandem MS/MS spectroscopy, and in some cases nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The time-consuming sample preparation and complex combinations of the composition of the mobile phase are applied for effective separation and receiving of reliable results. Nevertheless, the problem of the quantitative and qualitative determination of TMAO and his predecessors not only hasn't lost the relevance, but has acquired the new horizons to improve this analysis in view of recent events in the scientific world.

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.

Two sesquiterpene lactones, grosheimin and cynaropicrin, present in the aerial part of the Chartolepis intermedia Boiss. plant can be obtained from the ethyl acetate solid extract of the dried plant. A large-scale purification processing 16 kg of dry plant is presented. The first liquid–liquid extraction step of the 16 kg produced 550 g of dry extract that were divided in two equal portions. A classical low-pressure chromatography method can produce from 275 g of dry extract 13.8 g of grosheimin and 52.3 g of cynaropicrin 95 % pure lactones in 110 h using large amounts of organic solvents and 8 kg of silica gel. Another purification method employing countercurrent chromatography, with a modern hydrostatic column, and reversed phase preparative liquid chromatography were used with the second 275 g dry extract portion. It could produce 17.9 g of 99.4 % pure grosheimin and 68 g of 98.7 % pure cynaropicrin lactones in 95 h, with better yields and minimized losses in chromatographic columns, and using smaller solvent volumes than the classical method. The two purification processes are fully described and compared.

New biostimulator from wheat seeds which by its chemical composition relates to fusicoccin is presented in this article. New biostimulator could be used as powerful hormonal substance that has ability to increase productivity and salt tolerance of agricultural plants.

Разработана методика количественного определения содержания цинаропикрина в сухом экстракте василька шероховатого на 40 % этаноле и проведена оценка ее валидности. Методика является специфичной для анализа, обладает корректной точностью и воспроизводимостью результатов, а также линейной зависимостью в аналитической области ± 30 %, и может использоваться для достоверной оценки качества сухого экстракта василька шероховатого.

An HPLC method for quantitative determination of cynaropicrin in Centaurea scabiosa L. dry extract obtained using 40% aqueous ethanol has been developed and its performance has been validated. The proposed method is specific; ensures high accuracy, reproducibility, and linearity in an analytical range of ±30%; and can be used for reliable quality control of C. scabiosa L. dry extract and related preparations.