Artificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing diagnostics, optimizing treatment plans, and enabling data-driven public health strategies. This paper focuses on the application of AI to combat the opioid overdose crisis in the United States, utilizing machine learning techniques—particularly reinforcement learning—to inform policy interventions. We explore the use of deep Q-networks (DQN) trained on CDC opioid mortality data to simulate optimal intervention strategies across states, demonstrating a potential reduction of 15

Hospitals are progressively adopting cloud computing to store and manage patient data, enhancing accessibility and collaboration. The sensitive nature of health information necessitates robust security measures to avert unauthorized access and potential breaches. This study introduces a hybrid methodology that combines the Blowfish algorithm with Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) to protect data during cloud transmission. ECC is used as an asymmetric encryption technique for key exchange, whereas Blowfish serves as a symmetric encryption strategy for data encryption. Combining asymmetric and symmetric cryptography makes sure that security is higher and key management is more efficient. We commend ECC for its exceptional performance and enhanced security. Blowfish is optimal for cloud data encryption because of its swift encryption and decryption rates. It employs various key lengths, rendering it resilient against brute force assaults and safeguarding the secrecy of stored data. Blowfish enables robust encryption mechanisms to protect data during cloud transport from unauthorized access. We assessed the efficacy of this hybrid encryption method by conducting various tests across numerous data clouds. The findings indicate that the suggested hybrid security scheme outperforms the current schemes regarding computing time.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation is significantly constrained by the concurrent incidence of Fusarium oxysporum and Meloidogyne incognita, resulting in substantial yield losses. Grafting onto resistant rootstocks has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance resistance against these soil-borne pathogens. The present study investigated the biochemical responses of tomato plants grafted onto wild brinjal rootstocks under Fusarium-nematode infested conditions. Among several rootstocks screened in the screenhouse, brinjal roostock RB5 (Solanum torvum) and RB3 (a wild brinjal genotype) were identified as the most effective. RB5 exhibited the highest phenol content (0.420 mg/g FW in roots; 0.349 mg/g FW in stems) and peroxidase activity (2.19 µmol/min/g FW in roots; 1.47 µmol/min/g FW in stems). These biochemical substances are associated with enhanced structural defense and regulation of oxidative stress, contributing to increased resistance. Grafting tomato plants onto resistant wild rootstocks, particularly S. torvum (RB5), significantly strengthens biochemical defense mechanisms under Fusarium–nematode stress. This approach offers a sustainable, eco-friendly alternative to chemical control, improving plant resilience and supporting higher productivity in Fusarium-nematode infested soils.

Coexpression of genes involved in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolism offers a promising avenue for improving crop yield. This study investigated the impact of coexpressing phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [ZmPEPC (P)], aspartate aminotransferase [GmAspAT (A)] and glutamine synthetase [NtGS (G)] in Brassica juncea to enhance plant yield through improved C and N utilization. Plants coexpressing three genes (BjPAG) showed a significant increase in plant growth, biomass, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, while exhibiting decreased anthocyanin and hydrogen peroxide production. These improvements were observed under both ambient (~400 ppm; ACO2) and low (~200 ppm; LCO2) atmospheric CO2 conditions. Chlorophyll fluorescence study revealed that BjPAG plants had higher photosynthetic efficiency, particularly increased maximum quantum yield of PSII and performance index. This facilitated increased CO2 assimilation, total soluble sugar and starch accumulation, along with altered stomatal traits under both ACO2 and LCO2 conditions. Additionally, BjPAG plants accumulated less ammonium than control plants under both CO2 levels, indicating effective functioning of the overexpressed genes. Improved performance (enhanced photosynthetic rates, biomass and seed yield) of BjPAG plants under various N environments (6, 3 and 0.3 mm N) also supported improved N utilization. NMR analysis suggested that PAG-coexpression resulted in a higher flux of assimilated CO2 and NH3 towards sugars, amino acids, organic acids, polyphenols and glucosinolates. In conclusion, this study highlights the effectiveness of coexpressing ZmPEPC, GmAspAT and NtGS in B. juncea, leading to efficient C and N utilization, ultimately resulting in enhanced photosynthesis, plant biomass and seed yields, and as a promising strategy for increasing the yield of food crops.

The study assessed the effects of nano urea, Tio2, and ZnO nanoparticles on fruit yield and morphological as well as biochemical qualities of okra fruit (cv. Kashi Lalima) grown under subtropical climate of lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India during the Zaid seasons of 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 which had high soil pH (8.2). There were 17 treatments consisting of recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%) along with application of Nano urea (2 ml/l, 4 ml/l, and 6 ml/l), TiO2 NPs (10, 15, and 20 ppm), and ZnO NPs (50, 75, and 100 ppm) and control (no fertilizer) having 3 replications following randomized block design with 51 plots (1.8 m × 1.2 m). (morning glory) leaf liquid extract was used to create TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner and Nano urea was obtained from IFFCO. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR, HRTEM, EDX, BET, X-ray diffraction and XPS at the Department of Chemistry and the University Scientific Instrumentation Centre (USIC). Recorded observations indicated that foliar application of 75% RDF + 2 ml/l Nano urea + 50 ppm ZnO NPs produced the highest yield (159.81q/ha). These treatments also showed better fruit quality in term of fruit length (13.19 cm), fruit width (1.72cm), average fruit weight (10.61 g), moisture content (82.87%), total soluble solids (6.61°Brix), It also increased the dry weight (17.13%) of fruit as compare to control (11.43%). However, the biochemical attributes of okra fruits, including total sugars (4.15%), vitamin C content (18.21 mg/100 g) were examined and found to be superior with the application of 75% RDF + 2 ml/l Nano urea + 10 ppm TiO2.

The design method of dual working medium, heat exchanger-evacuated tube assisted drying system is proposed in this work. Operation control method of solar drying system is specified. In order to achieve a drying cabin suitable air temperature controlling method and the expected operating environment of the system, the evacuated tube solar collector with dual-function hybrid drying system is considered as a case. Effect of operating ambient factors on efficiency of solar heating unit (SHU) is evaluated using traditional thermodynamics, as well as five different machine learning (ML) algorithms using Python software. The aim of this is to predict thermal performance of SHU. Influence of ambient temperature, solar intensity, and water flow in SHU on outlet air temperature as well as collecting efficiency are observed. Furthermore, ambient relative humidity is found to be the most important effect parameter for the outlet temperature of solar heating unit. As a result, the randomised lasso algorithm suggests that solar intensity is a crucial parameter. Gradient boosting regression tree (GBRT) can be considered as the good fit prediction performance with MAE of 0.31 and 0.59, RSME of 0.54 and 0.72, and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98 and 0.94 on training as well as testing values, correspondingly. This study also pointed out the direction for the application and development of thermodynamics analysis and machine learning.

The Rutaceae family includes Aegle marmelos L., a moderately sized aromatic tree that is also known as Bael, Bengal quince, golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone apple, or wood apple. It is mostly found in tropical or subtropical regions. Fever, seminal weakness, nausea, vomiting, swellings, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and intermittent fever are the most common ailments that bael leaves are used to treat. Because of their high phenolic and flavonoid content, leaves have anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-thrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilatory properties. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the phytochemical components, antioxidant capacity, GC-MS analysis, total phenolic & flavonoid contents in the methanolic extracts of A. marmelos leaves. Various secondary metabolites were observed in the aqueous and methanolic A. marmelos leaf extracts. TLC analysis of methanolic extracts revealed five distinct spots having different Rf values. Total phenolic content was found to be 33 ± 7.62 mg GAE/g, flavonoid content was 307.8 ± 130.12 mg QE/g. The highest antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves was obtained at 1000 µg/ml conc. and it was dose dependent. Many biologically active compounds were present as analysed by GC-MS. The highest peak area of Perylo[1,12-def]-1,3-dioxepin-5,11-dione, 6,12-dihydroxy-8,9-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)-7,10-dimethoxy-, stereoisomer (3.502%) was observed.

The assessment of productive and reproductive traits helps in identifying animals with superior germplasm in comparison to their population mean which helps in selecting animals for breeding purposes. The early detection of low- performing animals based on the parameters considered for the evaluation of productive and reproductive traits in the study can help in culling animals at an early age, thus saving the cost of maintenance or losses for dairy farmers. Overall, it was observed that the productive and reproductive performance of cross-bred cows was better as compared to the buffaloes and non-descript cows. Therefore, the study advises taking the following steps; record keeping, regular testing for various diseases, balanced ration, maintenance of proper hygiene, availability of nearby veterinary services, and upgradation of non- descript animals to exploit maximum production potential at farmers’ level.

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) belonging to the family Asteraceae was introduced in India in 1969 and became one of the important oilseed crops. The oil is used for culinary purpose, preparation of cosmetics etc. Seed production can be taken up in all the three seasons like kharif, rabi and summer. For rainfed conditions June – July and October – November and for irrigated conditions April – May and December – January is suitable for seed production. Sunflower oil is light yellow in colour and possesses good odour, which can be used for a variety of cooking purposes like any other edible oil. Sunflower oil is a rich source of linoleic acid (64%), which helps in washing out of cholesterol deposition in the coronary arteries of theheart, and thus it is good for heart patients. The oil is used for manufacturing hydrogenated oil.Its oil is also used in manufacture of soaps and cosmetics. The sunflower cake contains 40-44% high quality protein. It is ideally suited for poultry and livestock rations. The sunflowerkernels can be eaten raw or roasted. It can also be used for manufacturing baby foods.

Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious viral disease of birds causing immense direct and indirect losses to the poultry industry. Various studies conducted across the world suggested that ND has been creating havoc in the poultry industry. Over the past decade, India has been reporting cases of ND outbreaks every year. Therefore, a retrospective study was conducted to estimate the losses due to ND and identify the factors influencing those losses. The primary data was obtained directly from farmers employing multistage purposive random sampling. A modified methodology was employed to provide an aggregate figure accounting for the approximate losses due to ND over the period of 72 weeks of the commercial layers’ life cycle. The results of the study indicated that the losses due to morbidity were much higher compared to those due to mortality in ND-infected birds. The major factors influencing ND losses on the farms were drop in egg production, mortality of birds due to ND, duration of ND infection, reduction in feed intake, age at which birds get infected with ND, and experience of poultry farmers in the poultry business.

The present study was conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Agricultural Biochemistry to evaluate thirty nine varieties/genotypes of Brassica Species for physical and chemical characteristics such as moisture content, Test weight, Oil content, Protein content in meal and Methionine content in meal. The samples was collected from University farm as well after grading of the sample the quality analysis in the laboratory was conducted as per standard procedures. Moisture content in different varieties/genotypes of yellow sarson varied from 5.60 to 3.25% while toria entries varied from 5.05 to 3.48%. In case of rai the range of variation was 5.67 to 3.56%. Test weight in different varieties/genotypes of yellow sarson varied from 5.70 to 3.40 g/1000 seed, while toria entries varied from 5.10 to 3.50 g/1000 seed. In case of rai the range of variation was 4.28 to 3.23 g/1000 seed. Oil content in different varieties/genotypes of yellow sarson varied from 42.55 to 36.20%, while toria entries varied from 42.05 to 34.40%. Whereas rai entries recorded variability of 39.05 to 32.40%. Protein content in different varieties/genotypes of yellow sarson varied from 40.55 to 27.93%, while toria entries varied from 30.03 to 28.33%. In case of rai the range of variation was 31.10 to 28.95%. Methionine content in different varieties/genotypes of yellow sarson varied from 1.98 to 0.99 g/100g, while toria entries varied from 2.12 to 1.14 g/100g. In case of rai the range of variation was 1.84 to 1.22 g/100g.

Objective: The aim of this research work was to evaluate the important phytochemical and their antifungal activity against crops pathogens from essential of Swertia petiolata. Methods: The phytochemical composition and antifungal activity of essential oil from aerial parts of Swertia petiolata D. Don obtained from hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC/GC-MS analysis in relation with their Kavot indices and mass spectra and their antifungal activity by disk diffusion method. Results: The oil is rich in monoterpenoids and oxygenated sesquiterpenoids. A total of 39 chemical constituents were identified representing 87.50% and major chemical constituents were identified as n-tetradecanal (15.16%), isopropylcyclohexene (13.58%), trimethylsilylpalmitate (12.50%), longipianol (7.76%), n-eocosane (7.46%), z-patchenal (4.40%), guaiadienal (4.07%), and heptadecanal (3.86%) whereas oxygenated monoterpenoids were minor constituents. The antifungal activity was studied by disk diffusion method with 57.63±0.10% and 44.34±0.13% mycelial growth inhibition. The oil was active against Bipolaris maydis and Rhizoctonia solani at concentration of 2.5μg/μL while, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata were least active for this oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration and IC50 showed a range from 1.2 μg/μL to 1.8 μg/μL as compared with standard fungicides (Amphotericin and Clotrimazole) with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 μg/μL to 0.9 μg/μL and 0.5 μg/μL to 1.5 μg/μL. Conclusions: The essential oil dominated by n-tetradecanal (15.16%), isopropylcyclohexene (13.58%), trimethylsilylpalmitate (12.50%), longipianol (7.76%), n-eocosane (7.46%), z-patchenal (4.40%), and guaiadienal (4.07%) as the major components from aerial parts which showed a marked antifungal activity against Bipolaris maydis and Rhizoctonia solani.

Twenty varieties/genotype viz. Vijay, BG-256, JG-16, CSG-8961, BG-372, K-3256, KWR-108, KPG-59, Radhey, Avarodhi KGD-1288, KGD-1295, KGD-1296, KGD-1302, KGD-1315, KGD-1316, KGD-2012, Pusa-209, Pusa-391 and RBG-1 were taken from oil seed research farm Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, The quality parameter like Grain yield, 1000 seed weight, Dhal recovery, Husk recovery, Broken dhal, Loss on processing were studies under after harvest of crop. Grain sample from different varieties/genotypes were brought to laboratory. The range of variability in chickpea varieties/genotypes was from Grain yield (11.39-19.35 q/ha), 1000 seed weight (153.05-292.85g), Dhal recovery (76.59-84.22%), Husk recovery (10.32-14.30%), Broken dhal (1.70-4.22%), Loss on processing (3.32-5.59%). Among the Chickpea genotype KGD-1316 appeared to be the best having excelled in two physical characters such as grain yield and test weight out of the six physical parameter was studied.

The agroprocessing industries are producing a large volumes of waste biomass that contains valuable nutrients which if recycled properly could save millions of dollars. This is the case for the tea industry which produces large amounts of biomass from the tea plant, Camellia sinensis. Here, we review bioactive compounds from tea leaves, flowers and fruits, and their applications in medicine. Compounds include vitamins, aromatic compounds, spermidine derivatives, polysaccharides, saponins, polysaccharides, fatty acids, flavanols, phenolic acids and methylxanthenes. Pharmacological properties include antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-COVID, antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive and anticancer.

Background Being one of the most complex and diverse genera, deciphering the correct taxonomy of Pseudomonas species has always been challenging. This study investigates and resolves the taxonomic ambiguity of 11 strains of Pseudomonas obtained from the supraglacial site of East Rathong glacier. Since the supraglacial region represents an extreme, stressful environment, the inhabitant microorganisms must have evolved multiple adaptive traits that define their origin. Hence, for adaptation study, we examined the survivability of the 11 strains in physical conditions of freezing and ultraviolet radiation, and their ability to produce extracellular cold-active enzymes. Results Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) using five housekeeping genes (1140 polymorphic sites) supported the taxonomic assignment of these strains to Pseudomonas antarctica, further supported by their lesser mean genetic distances with P. antarctica (0.73%) as compared to P. fluorescens (3.65 %). The studied strains displayed significant tolerance to freezing for 96 hours as compared to the mesophilic control strain, while except 4 strains, all strains exhibited substantial tolerance to UV-C radiations, and all strains produced cold active enzymes as well. Conclusion MLSA successfully resolved the taxonomy of these significant group of bacteria from physical extremes of temperature and radiation. The isolates ERGC3:01 and ERGC3:05, owing to their polyadaptational attributes, may be considered promising for exploitation in various industries.

The study mainly focused on analyzing trend in terms of area, production and productivity of basmati rice in India and Haryana. To fulfill the objective of the study, Karnal and Kaithal district were selected purposively on the basis of highest and second highest area under paddy cultivation in the state. Study revealed that the area, production and productivity of basmati rice in India during the period 2009-10 to 2018-19, declined with CAGR at negative 0.09 per cent, negative 2.18 per cent and negative 2.09 per cent. The area and production of basmati rice in Haryana during the period 2009-10 to 2018-19, declined with CAGR at negative 1.09 per cent and negative 0.59 per cent. Similarly, the productivity of basmati rice in Haryana during the period 2009-10 to 2018-19 increasing with CAGR at positive 0.50 per cent. Haryana and Punjab constitute more than 75 per cent of total basmati production in India. The area of basmati rice in India was 1514 thousand hectares in the year 2018-19. In total basmati rice area, the share of Haryana (41.88%) followed by Punjab (36.13%), Uttar Pradesh (16.58%), Jammu & Kashmir (4.10%), Uttarakhand (0.99%) and Himachal Pradesh (0.46%).The production of basmati in India was 5024 thousand tonnes in the year 2018-19. In total basmati production, the share of Haryana (42.56%) followed by Punjab (39.09%), Uttar Pradesh (14.53%), Jammu & Kashmir (2.69%), Uttarakhand (0.74%) and Himachal Pradesh (0.40%). Study recommended to provide MSP as an incentive to heal this declining trend and provision of quality seeds, infrastructure for processing grading and standardisation, quality seeds to make our export more competitive in world market.

Rice is important staple cereal crop on which population of India so identification of nutrient rich is necessary to feed those population who heavily dependent on it. Biofortification of rice with multiple micronutrients could be best strategy to combat the nutrient deficiencies in developing countries. We determined the content of nutrient in dehusked polished rice grains in populary grown lines of rice crop. Nutrients content in different lines, Nitrogen ranges from27.94 to 16.82 mg g-1, Potassium ranges from 1.24 to 0.54 mg g-1, where as the content of potassium and phosphorous ranges from 0.33 – 0.06 and 0.57-.0.03 respectively.

The present investigation entitled “Correlation and characters association studies in bitter gourd (Momordica chantia L.)” was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya- Vihar, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow (U.P.), India during summer season of the year 2014-2015. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The experimental materials consisted fifteen genotypes of bitter gourd i.e. HABG-22, NDBT-07, NDBT-09, Meghana-2, Selection-5, Preethi, Phul Ujjwala, Priya, Nakhara, Pant Karela-1, Hirkani, VRBT-23, Pusa Vishesh, Pusa Ashaudhi and Arka Harit. Correlation coefficient and direct and indirect effect of fruit yield attributing traits, it is clear that for bring out designed improvement towards fruit yield in bitter gourd. Average fruit weight and fruits per vine can be used as direct selection parameters.

International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering (A UGC Approved and indexed with DOI, ICI and Approved, DPI Digital Library) is one of the leading and growing open access, peer-reviewed, monthly, and scientific research journal for scientists, engineers, research scholars, and academicians, which gains a foothold in Asia and opens to the world, aims to publish original, theoretical and practical advances in Computer Science,Information Technology, Engineering (Software, Mechanical, Civil, Electronics & Electrical), and all interdisciplinary streams of Computing Sciences. It intends to disseminate original, scientific, theoretical or applied research in the field of Computer Sciences and allied fields. It provides a platform for publishing results and research with a strong empirical component. It aims to bridge the significant gap between research and practice by promoting the publication of original, novel, industry-relevant research.