Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in modulating therapeutic responses in malignancies. Elucidating microbial dynamics during cancer treatment provides critical insights for optimizing therapeutic strategies and prognostic prediction. To investigate longitudinal alterations in oral and gut microbiota during chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer (GC) patients and their prognostic implications. This study enrolled 29 advanced GC patients, with tongue coating and fecal samples collected before the 1st (GC0), 2nd (GC1), and 3rd (GC2) chemotherapy cycles, alongside 35 healthy controls. Bacterial communities were profiled via 16 S rRNA V3-V4 sequencing, and fungal communities via 18 S rRNA ITS1-ITS2 sequencing. LEfSe, ROC analysis, Zero-Inflated Beta Regression (ZIBR) modeling, and co-occurrence network analysis were employed to evaluate microbial dynamics and prognostic utility. During chemotherapy, oral fungal and gut bacterial richness (ACE and Chao indices) significantly decreased, while gut fungal richness increased. β-diversity analysis revealed minimal structural alterations in oral-gut microbiota. The abundance of intestinal bacterial Subdoligranulum genus and the fungal Candida (in both intestine and oral cavity) exhibited a decreasing trend, whereas the abundance of intestinal bacterial genera including Escherichia-Shigella and Streptococcus significantly increased (P < 0.05) during chemotherapy in patients with advanced GC. In the GC0 group, 23 genera (e.g., oral/gut Bacillus, oral Veillonella) predicted 12-month progression-free survival (PFS) (AUC > 0.7). Longitudinal analysis identified 25 genera (e.g., oral Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, gut Bacillus and Howardella) significantly associated with PFS across GC0-GC2 (Joint P < 0.05). Co-occurrence networks demonstrated oral bacterial dominance in GC patients, with chemotherapy reducing network complexity. Continuous chemotherapy exerted significant effects on the oral-gut microbiota co-occurrence networks in advanced GC patients, with pre-chemotherapy microbiota demonstrating prognostic diagnostic value. This study provided microbiological evidence to inform future GC monitoring and personalized therapeutic strategies.

BACKGROUND:While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) shows suboptimal pathological responses in advanced gastric cancer (GC), Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction (YHJD) demonstrates potential as a synergistic agent. METHODS:This study represents an interim analysis of a prospective, double-arm, single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial (ChiCTR2300072742) conducted at Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. A total of 122 patients with locally advanced GC were enrolled between June 2023 and December 2024. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of YHJD in enhancing the neoadjuvant FLOT regimen. The primary endpoint was tumor pathological regression (TRG). RESULTS:The YHJD group demonstrated superior pathological responses (TRG 1-3: YHJD group vs CON group: 44/68 [68.8%] vs 29/58 [50.0%], p = 0.043) while maintaining a safety profile comparable to chemotherapy alone. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that YHJD significantly reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus salivarius (L.salivarius) during NAC, with lower levels correlating with improved treatment response. Notably, depletion of intratumoral L.salivarius in the YHJD paralleled enhanced NAC efficacy. Further analysis revealed that enrichment of L. salivarius was associated with immunosuppressive microenvironment, it showed positive correlations with T regulatory cells (Tregs; r = 0.512, p < 0.0001) and M2 macrophages (r = 0.411, p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS:YHJD enhanced the pathological response rates in GC patients receiving FLOT-based NAC, possibly through modulation of the immuno-oncology-microbiome axis, potentially by downregulating L. salivarius-mediated immunosuppression.

BACKGROUND:Jing An decoction (JA), a traditional Chinese medicine formulation, has demonstrated notable clinical efficacy in the treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) over the past two decades. The gut-brain axis (GBA) critically regulates neuroinflammation and neurodevelopmental processes, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target in TS. However, the mechanisms by which JA alleviates TS via the GBA remain unclear. PURPOSE:This study investigated gut microbiota and its metabolites to explore the potential mechanisms by which JA alleviates TS, a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder. METHODS:A TS rat model was established via intraperitoneal injection of 3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN). Behavioral assessments, including stereotyped behavior, motor behavior, open-field testing, and novel object recognition, were conducted to evaluate the effect of JA. Gut microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing, while short-chain fatty acids were quantified via GC-MS. Inflammatory cytokine levels were measured using ELISA. Gene expression related to tight junctions, key bacterial taxa, and metabolic enzymes was quantified using qPCR. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and western blotting were employed to evaluate microglial polarization, barrier integrity, and the expression of key signaling pathway proteins. Additionally, an LPS-induced primary microglial inflammation model was used to investigate the role of butyrate in regulating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. RESULTS:JA significantly reduced stereotypic behaviors, hyperactivity, and cognitive impairments in TS rats. It restored gut microbiota diversity by increasing the abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria-particularly the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group-and upregulating the expression of butyrate-metabolizing enzymes (Buk and ButCOA). Butyrate levels in the colon and striatum were elevated in JA-treated rats, correlating with reduced neuroinflammation and enhanced intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity. JA promoted M2 microglial polarization, suppressed HDAC3 expression, and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In primary microglial cells, butyrate attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammation-an effect comparable to that of TLR4/NF-κB inhibitors (TAK-242, PDTC)-but this effect was reversed by an MCT1 inhibitor and HDAC3 activator (AZD3965, ITSA-1). CONCLUSIONS:JA alleviates TS by regulating the GBA axis through butyrate-producing bacteria. Butyrate alleviates neuroinflammation by inhibiting the TLR4/HDAC3/NF-κB pathway, thereby promoting M2 microglial polarization.

The formation of tongue coating is closely related with the differentiation of the lingual dorsal mucosa, and a great deal of evidence shows that the variation of tongue coating reflects the pathological and physiological state of the gastric mucosa. However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive. This study established a rat model of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM) with 2% sodium salicylate and 20 mmol/L of deoxycholate sodium, and used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to reveal the cell landscape of tongue dorsal mucosa. In comparison to the control group, the tongue dorsal mucosa of GIM rats became grayish-white, and the histologic characteristics presented an uneven distribution of tongue papilla with many immune cells in the submucosal layer. The expressive levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17) were significantly higher in GIM rats than in the control group. Stratified analysis revealed the significant downregulation of autophagy marker gene Map1lc3a in neutrophils and T cells, and the significant downregulation of cuproptosis marker gene Dlst in fibroblasts of the tongue dorsal mucosa in GIM rats. These changes were closely related to mucosal inflammation and impaired tissue barrier integrity. Significantly, the expression of several keratin genes (Krt7, Krt8, Krt13, Krt16, and Krt76) was significantly downregulated, as well as the expression of the bitter taste receptor gene Rtp4 and the sweet taste receptor gene Tas1r2 in the GIM rats. The data indicated that fewer cells entered regulated cell death in immune cells of tongue mucosa, a more active inflammatory response occurred, the keratinization of tongue dorsal mucosal cells was inhibited, and the taste perception function was weakened. The results bring new perspectives on tongue coating in the application of gastric disorders.

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plays a vital role in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer, however, optimizing its effectiveness remains an important research focus. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), a promising adjunctive therapy, has shown enhanced clinical outcomes when combined with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Therefore, this study is designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy FLOT in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.Methods This study is a prospective, double-arm, randomized controlled trial. It involves a total of 260 patients diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer, who will be randomly assigned to two groups - a TCM treatment group and a control group, each comprising 130 patients. All patients will receive standard FLOT chemotherapy, and patients in the TCM treatment group will additionally receive traditional Chinese medicine treatment with Yiqi Huayu Jiedu decoction. After four cycles of chemotherapy, gastric cancer D2 radical surgery will be performed. The primary objective is to evaluate the postoperative pathological response rate of the tumor. The secondary objectives include evaluating the perioperative nutritional status, the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome, and adverse events associated with both chemotherapy and surgery.Discussion Currently, no trials have investigated the impact of traditional Chinese medicine in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the preoperative treatment in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Accordingly, it is imperative to conduct this prospective study to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of this regimen, meanwhile providing high-level clinical evidence for traditional Chinese medicine combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and introducing an innovative regimen for preoperative comprehensive treatment of gastric cancer.Trial registration ChiCTR2300072742### Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.### Clinical TrialChiCTR2300072742### Funding StatementThis study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.### Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.YesThe details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:The Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine gave ethical approval for this work.I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.YesI understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).YesI have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.YesAll data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors

BACKGROUND:Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a frequently intervention for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). Nevertheless, its impact on the tumor immune microenvironment remains unclear.METHODS:We used immunohistochemistry to identify T-cell subpopulations, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the GC microenvironment (GCME) among paired samples (pre-chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy) from 48 NAC-treated patients. Multiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) was performed to assess immune biomarkers, including CK, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD1, PD-L1, CD163, CD86, myeloperoxidase and Arginase-1 in paired samples from 6 GC patients whose response to NAC were rigorously defined.RESULTS:NAC was intricately linked to enhanced CD8+:CD4+ ratio, reduced CD163+ M2-like macrophages, augmented CD86+ M1: CD163+ M2-like macrophage ratio, and diminished FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (T-regs) and TANs density. Based on mIF, PD1+CD8+T-cells, FOXP3+T-regs, PD-L1+ TANs, and CD163+ M2-like macrophages exhibited marked reduction and greater co-localization with tumor cells following NAC. The pre-NAC FOXP3+ T-regs and CD163+ M2-like macrophages content was substantially elevated in the response cohort, whereas, the post-NAC CD8+:CD4+ and CD86+ M1: CD163+ M2-like macrophage ratios were intricately linked to the tumor pathologic response. We observed greater CD163+ M2-like macrophages and tumor cells co-localization following NAC, which was correlated with tumor pathologic response. Lastly, multivariate analysis revealed that post-NAC CD8+:CD4+ and CD86+ M1: CD163+ M2-like macrophage ratios were stand-alone indicators of positive patient prognosis.CONCLUSIONS:NAC converts the GCME to an anti-tumorigenic state that is conducive to enhanced patient outcome. These finding can significantly benefit the future planning of highly efficacious and personalized GC immunotherapy.

口腔是人体生理功能的窗口,也是种类和数量繁多的微生物库.口腔微生态变化能够反映宿主与环境因素的相互作用,进而影响机体健康和疾病的进展.其中,链球菌属(Streptococcus)和韦荣菌属(Veillonella)是口腔最早的定殖菌和典型共生菌,共同参与口腔早期生物膜形成.大量研究显示,链球菌和韦荣菌共生失调不仅与龋病、牙周病等口腔疾病密切相关,而且可突破或入侵消化屏障实现远端定殖,已经成为预测多种系统性疾病发生、发展及预后的新的潜在生物标志物.本文综述链球菌-韦荣菌在口腔的共生致病机制,分析其在系统性疾病相关微生态研究中的变化特征,提出具有代表性的共生菌诊断组合,以期为系统性疾病的诊断和防治提供科学依据.

Many kinds of antibiotics in the environments deeply affect the microbial composition, but their effect on the interactions among the host microbiota is still poorly understood. This study used Bombyx mori as the model organism by feeding the antibiotics-treated mulberry leaf, preliminarily explored the effects of antibiotic exposure on the interaction of bacteria and fungi in the worm’s intestine. Our results showed that the elimination of fungi significantly reduced the bacterial richness and diversity in the worm’s intestine after exposure of anti-fungal amphotericin B, while the elimination of bacteria dramatically increased the richness and diversity of fungi after exposure of anti-bacterial ampicillin-streptomycin. The results revealed the intestinal bacteria and fungi of Bombyx mori were markedly shaped by the mulberry leaf flora. Anti-bacterial antibiotics enhanced the correlation between the host gut fungi and the diet-deriving fungi, while anti-fungal antibiotics weakened the correlation between the host gut bacteria and the diet-deriving bacteria. The data preliminarily established a simple model to explore the effect of antibiotics on the host microbiota interactions, and provided a way for further study on the environmental factors of intestinal bacteria-fungi interaction.

In recent years, antibiotics have frequently been detected in soil, lakes, and rivers. Antibiotic residues in the environment may alter microbial structure and cause bacterial resistance, but their effect on interactions among host microbiota is still poorly understood. To investigate this issue, here we used silkworm (Bombyx mori) fed on antibiotic-treated mulberry leaf as a model to explore the effects of antibiotic exposure on gut bacteria and fungi. We observed that elimination of fungi significantly reduced bacterial richness and diversity in silkworm intestine after exposure to the antifungal amphotericin B, while the elimination of bacteria dramatically increased the richness and diversity of fungi after exposure to the antibacterial ampicillin-streptomycin. Thus, antibiotic-treated mulberry leaf significantly altered the community structure of microbiota in the gut of silkworm. Clearance of gut bacteria enhanced the correlation between gut fungi and leaf-derived fungi, while clearance of gut fungi promoted abnormal proliferation of gut bacteria. These data provide a simple model to explore the comprehensive effect of diet-derived bacteria, fungi, and antibiotics on gut microbiota.

目的 探讨在校大学生中医偏颇体质形成因素和演变规律.方法 采用标准化量表判定获取兼夹两种及以上中医偏颇体质的在校学生2326例,与生活习惯、心理状态等进行关联分析,以中医基本偏颇体质为主导构建偏颇体质网络图.结果 中医偏颇体质兼夹状态分布受到三餐规律、吃早饭、就寝时间、睡眠时间和质量、心理压力和生气等因素显著影响(P＜0.05).吃饭速度和吃新鲜水果对男生中医偏颇体质兼夹状态存在显著影响(P＜0.05),食物的偏好对女生中医偏颇体质兼夹状态存在显著影响(P＜0.05).男生中医偏颇体质兼夹状态由阳虚质、阴虚质、气虚质、湿热质、气郁质主导,女生中医偏颇体质兼夹状态由阳虚质、阴虚质、气虚质、湿热质主导.结论 不良的生活习惯和心理状态可能是中医偏颇体质兼夹状态形成的重要因素.

Background: Our previous study shows that the empirical formula of Chinese medicine Jianpi-yangwei decoction (JYD) can improve the quality of life in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy by increasing beneficial gut bacteria and decreasing harmful bacteria. The present study aims to investigate the effect of JYD on gut fungi in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Methods: A total of 73 patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy were recruited. Twenty-nine patients in the chemotherapy group were given standard chemotherapy and 44 patients in the observation group were given JYD plus standard chemotherapy. A control group (55 cases) was recruited from the healthy medical examiners. After 3 months of treatment, life-quality score was evaluated and fecal microbiota was tested by high-throughput sequencing based on the 18S rRNA gene. Results: After treatment, life-quality score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the observation and control groups diversity and richness indices of intestinal fungi. The Chao index for intestinal fungi in the chemotherapy group was significantly lower than that in the observation group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the control and chemotherapy groups in the intestinal fungi according to Shannon and Simpson indices (P < 0.05). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis showed no significant differences among the three groups, but significant difference in intestinal fungi was observed between the observation group and the chemotherapy group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of the Aspergillus genus in the observation and control groups was significantly lower (P < 0.05), the relative abundance of the Culaneotrichosporon, Galactomyces, and Ganoderma genus taxa was significantly higher compared with those in the chemotherapy group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the observation group and control group. Conclusion: JYD can ameliorate chemotherapy-induced fungal dysbacteriosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing chemotherapy and improve the quality of life of patients.

Pathogens capable of impacting gastrointestinal tract tumor development are located in the oral cavity, but whether these oral bacteria are able to colonize the gastric mucosa in gastric cancer (GC) patients and whether Helicobacter pylori infection can influence this process remains to be established.

目的 探讨胃癌气阴两虚证患者舌苔菌群变化的炎症代谢机制.方法 基于医院开展病例-对照研究,纳入13例胃癌气阴两虚证患者,以23例健康人为对照组,高通量测序分析舌苔菌群,电化学发光技术检测血清20种炎症因子,气相色谱质谱联用检测血清代谢组学.结果 与对照组相比,胃癌气阴两虚证患者舌苔细菌Shannon指数降低(P<0.05),而舌苔真菌Alpha多样性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).判别分析显示,舌苔的3个细菌属(柄细菌属、巨单胞菌属、木洞菌属)和1个真菌属(裂壳属)是胃癌气阴两虚证的标志菌群.胃癌气阴两虚证患者血清谷氨酸、L-组氨酸、肌酸等15种代谢分子水平升高(P<0.05),IL-17α、TNF-α、IL-6等8种血清炎症因子水平升高(P<0.05).相关性分析发现,IL-17α、IL-6、TNF-α与梭杆菌属、卟啉单胞菌属显著负相关(r<-0.4,P<0.05),梭杆菌属、消化链球菌属与血清谷氨酸代谢水平显著负相关(r<-0.4,P<0.05).结论 胃癌气阴两虚证患者舌苔菌群与血清炎症因子、代谢分子相关,为阐明气阴两虚证的形成机制提供了新的切入点.

Although intestinal microbial dysbiosis was confirmed to be associated with many chronic diseases and health status through complicated interaction with the host, the effect on gastric cancer was less studied. In this study, we sequenced the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes of fecal bacteria and fungi, respectively, in 134 gastric cancer patients and 58 healthy controls matched by age and gender. Propensity score matching (PSM) was adopted for adjusting diet habits and lifestyle, and 44 patients and 44 healthy controls (matching population) were enrolled. Serum antibody to H. pylori and metabolites of the matching population were detected. The positive rates of antibody to H. pylori between the patients and the control group did not reach the statistical difference. LEfSe analysis indicated that bacteria were more stable than fungi when adjusting diet and lifestyle. Veillonella, Megasphaera, and Prevotella 7 genus and Streptococcus salivarius subsp. Salivarius, Bifidobacterium dentium, and Lactobacillus salivarius species in bacteria were related to the risk of gastric cancer and showed a good diagnostic value in distinguishing the patients from healthy controls. Streptococcus mitis showed a risk effect for gastric cancer; however, the effect turned into be protective after PSM. Serum L-alanine, L-threonine, and methionol were positively associated with Veillonella and Streptococcus and several fungi genus. Overall, our findings indicated that fecal microbiome constitution alteration may be associated with gastric cancer through influencing the amino acid metabolism.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common cancers, and the noninvasive diagnostic methods for monitoring GC are still lacking. Growing evidence shows that human microbiota has potential value for identifying digestive diseases. The present study aimed to explore the association of the tongue coating microbiota with the serum metabolic features and inflammatory cytokines in GC patients and seek a potential, noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing GC. The tongue coating microbiota was profiled by 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes sequencing technology in the original population with 181 GC patients and 112 healthy controls (HCs). Propensity score matching method was used to eliminate potential confounders including age, gender, and six lifestyle factors and a matching population with 66 GC patients and 66 HCs generated. Serum metabolomics profiling was performed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) in the matching population. Random forest model was constructed for the diagnosis of GC. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) revealed that the differential bacterial taxa between GC patients and HCs in the matching population were similar to that in the original population, while the differential fungal taxa between GC patients and HCs dramatically changed before and after PSM. By random forest analysis, the combination of six bacterial genera (Peptostreptococcus, Peptococcus, Porphyromonas, Megamonas, Rothia, and Fusobacterium) was the optimal predictive model to distinguish GC patients from HCs effectively, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.85. The model was verified with a high predictive potential (AUC = 0.76 to 0.96). In the matching population, eighteen specific HCs-enriched bacterial genera (Porphyromonas, Parvimonas, etc.) had negative correlations with lysophospholipids metabolites, and three of them had also negative correlations with serum IL-17α. The alteration of tongue coating microbiota had a possible linkage with the inflammations and metabolome, and the tongue coating bacteria could be a potential noninvasive biomarker for diagnosing GC, which might be independent of lifestyle.

BACKGROUND:How gastric cancer (GC) incidence is associated with changes in the gastric microbiome has not been firmly established. The present study therefore aims to investigate the microbial communities present within the gastric mucosa of patients with superficial gastritis (SG) or GC.METHODS:Paired tumor and paracancerous samples of the gastric mucosa were collected from 18 patients being surgically treated for GC and from 32 patients with SG being treated via gastroscopy. The gastric microbiome in these samples was then profiled via 16S rRNA sequencing, with a linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) approach used to identify and compare different bacteria, and with PICRUSt used for predictive functional analyses.RESULTS:GC patients exhibited a distinct gastric microbiota profile from that observed in SG patients. These changes were evident in both tumor and paracancerous tissues from GC patients. Specifically, we found that 6 bacterial genera were specifically enriched in GC tissue samples relative to SG samples, while 18 genera were depleted in these same samples. Based on the differential abundance of these bacteria, we were able to calculate microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) values, which were significantly higher in GC patients than in SG patients. In addition, MDI values were negatively correlated with gastric Shannon index and were positively correlated with relative Helicobacter spp. abundance. Importantly, these MDI values were readily able to discriminate between GC and SG patient samples. Functional analysis suggested that GC patients were more likely to harbor a nitrosating microbial community.CONCLUSIONS:GC patients exhibited a gastric microbiome profile distinct from that observed in SG patients, with these differences being evident in both tumor and paracancerous tissues. Differences in the relative abundance of Helicobacter spp. may be the primary driver of gastric dysbiosis in GC patients.

目的 本研究探讨胃癌患者常见舌苔类型与肠道菌群的相关性.方法 基于医院的病例-对照法,招募原发性4种常见舌苔的胃癌患者102例,其中薄白苔34例、白厚苔31例、黄薄苔20例、黄厚苔17例.无重大器质性病变的薄白苔体检者24例作为对照组,基于16S和18S rRNA基因进行高通量测序分析肠道细菌和真菌,生物信息学分析胃癌患者常见舌苔对应的肠道菌群结构特征.结果 与对照组相比,4种舌苔胃癌患者肠道细菌多样性均无显著差异(P＞0.05),黄厚苔胃癌患者肠道真菌丰富度显著降低(P＜0.05).在胃癌患者中,白厚苔对应的肠道真菌丰富度最高(P＜0.05),黄厚苔对应的肠道真菌群落丰富度最低(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,胃癌患者肠道拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、互养菌门(Synergistetes)的相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05),胃癌患者乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)、金字塔杆菌属(Pyramidobacter)的相对丰度显著升高(P＜0.05),而Romboutsia的相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05).对于不同舌苔的胃癌患者,白厚苔与较高丰度的奇异菌属(Atopobium)相关(P＜0.05),黄厚苔与较高丰度的反刍球菌属(Ruminococcaceae UCG-004)、毛螺菌属(Lachnospiraceae UCG-006相关(P＜0.05).白厚苔、黄薄苔和黄厚苔胃癌患者肠道乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)的相对丰度与血清IL-17α显著正相关(P＜0.05).结论 胃癌患者舌苔形成与肠道菌群相关,为研究舌苔形成机制提供了新思路.

目的:分析不同舌苔胃癌患者的血清代谢物差异.方法:106例胃癌患者分为薄白苔组(30例)、白厚苔组(29例)、黄薄苔组(26例)和黄厚苔组(21例),33例薄白苔健康人群为对照组,利用超高效液相色谱质谱联用技术(ultra high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer,UPLC-MS)分析血清代谢组,采用主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法分析、非参数检验分析等方法确定不同舌苔胃癌患者的血清代谢标志分子.结果:与对照组相比,胃癌四组中棕榈油酸、α-亚麻酸、亚油酸和溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺均显著上升,磷脂酸在薄白苔组、黄薄苔组和黄厚苔组均显著上升,薄白苔组中二十碳五烯酸显著上升,黄薄苔组有花生四烯酸乙醇胺、溶血磷脂酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱和硬脂酰肉碱显著上升.结论:胃癌患者不同舌苔存在特征性的血清代谢分子,为舌苔形成机制研究提供了新的思路.

目的 比较分析不同舌苔的胃癌患者血清代谢组学机制.方法 101例胃癌患者分为薄白苔组(42例)、白厚苔组(9例)、黄薄苔组(28例)和黄厚苔组(22例),22例薄白苔健康体检者作为对照,采用GC-MS技术检测血清代谢组,运用主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析、单变量统计分析方法筛选代谢标志物,富集分析预测代谢通路.结果 与对照组相比,薄白苔组有涉及31个代谢通路变化的13种代谢标志分子,白厚苔组有涉及26个代谢通路变化的15种代谢标志分子,黄薄苔组有涉及25个代谢通路变化的9种代谢标志分子,黄厚苔组有涉及12个代谢通路变化的8种代谢标志分子,4种舌苔胃癌患者血清均表现为4-氨基丁酸水平升高并涉及酪氨酸代谢通路.结论 胃癌患者不同舌苔反映了不同的血清代谢组学差异.

Background: Although oral hygiene and health have long been reported to be associated with increased risk of gastric cancer (GC), the direct relationship of oral microbes with the risk of GC have not been evaluated fully. We aimed to test whether tongue coating microbiome was associated with GC risk. Methods: Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene of tongue coating microbiome was used in 57 newly diagnosed gastric adenocarcinomas and 80 healthy controls. Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) was applied for multiple comparison correction. Co-abundance group (CAGs) analysis was adopted. Results: We found that higher relative abundance of Firmicutes, and lower of Bacteroidetes were associated with increased risk of GC. In genus level, Streptococcus trended with a higher risk of GC, the four other genera (Neisseria, Prevotella, Prevotella7, and Porphyromonas) were found to have a decreased risk of GC. Different from overall GC and non-cardia cancer, Alloprevotella and Veillonella trended with the higher risk of cardia cancer. Finally, we analyzed the microbiota by determining CAGs and six clusters were identified. Except the Cluster 2 (mainly Streptococcus and Abiotrophia), the other clusters had an inverse association with GC. Of them, the Cluster 6 (mainly Prevotella and Prevotella7 etc) had a relatively good classification power with 0.76 of AUC. Conclusion: Microbiome in tongue coating may have potential guiding value for early detection and prevention of GC.