This study measures the effects of Pistacia terebinthus flower extract on the amounts of lipid peroxidation (LPO), total protein, glutathione, and enzyme activities in blood. It also measures the effects of the plant extract on glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities and it arrives at the conclusion that GSH-Px activity significantly increased in the Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide group (P < 0.0001) and SOD activity meaningfully increased in the Pistacia terebinthus (P < 0.05) and Pistacia terebinthus-hydrogen peroxide (P < 0.0001) groups. It is also found that P. terebinthus extract has protective effects against LPO exerted in the kidney, brain, and lungs (P < 0.0001). The positive effects of P. terebinthus extract are also found on the levels of glutathione and total protein in all organs, except for the level of glutathione in the spleen and brain, and the increase of glutathione and total protein (P < 0.0001). These results are parallel to the effect of the extract used in this study on the LPO levels in tissues and they show that the plant species used in the study has positive effects on the activities of antioxidant molecules as well as protective effects against LPO.

BACKGROUND:Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is an oxidant agent and this molecule naturally occurs in the body as a product of aerobic metabolism. Geraniol is a plant-derived natural antioxidant. The aim of this study was to determine the role of geraniol on hepatic fatty acids alterations following H2O2-induced oxidative stress in male rats.METHODS:After randomization, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n = 7 each group). Geraniol (50 mg/kg, dissolved in corn oil) and H2O2 (16 mg/kg, dissolved in distilled water) were administered by an intraperitoneal injection. Administrations were performed during 30 days with 1-day interval.RESULTS:Administration of H2O2 resulted with a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) peroxidase glutathione level; geraniol restored its effects on liver. However, hepatic catalase (CAT) activities were significantly higher in H2O2, geraniol, and geraniol+H2O2 groups than control group. The ratio of hepatic total saturated fatty acids increased in H2O2-treated animals compared with control. In addition, hepatic total unsaturated fatty acids reduced in H2O2 group compared with control. The percentages of both hepatic total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids were not different between geraniol+H2O2 and control groups.CONCLUSIONS:H2O2-induced oxidative stress may affect fatty acid composition in liver and body. Geraniol can partly restore oxidative hepatic damage because it cannot completely reverse the H2O2-induced increase in hepatic CAT activities. Moreover, this natural compound can regulate hepatic total saturated and unsaturated fatty acids percentages against H2O2-induced alterations.

Achillea millefolium L., Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna Jacq., Rubus discolor L., Salvia multicaulis Vahl., Morus alba L. and Pistacia terebinthus L. plants are consumed for some medicinal or nutritional purposes. The chemical composition, vitamins, sterols and fatty acid contents of these plants were presented in this study. Vitamin and sterol contents were high in A. millefolium flowers in comparison to leaves and seed. Vitamins E, K, and total sterol levels in C. monogyna subsp. monogyna fruit were higher than leaves and flower. For R. discolor fruit; vitamin and sterol contents were higher than leaves, flower and unripe fruit. For S. multicaulis, vitamin content was higher in leaves and the sterol content was higher in seed than other extracts. α-Tocopherol, vitamins K, D and total sterol levels in M. alba fruit were higher than leaves and unripe fruit. In P. terebinthus, retinol and α-tocopherol levels were higher in leaves, vitamins D, K, sterol levels were higher in flower than other extracts. The present study indicates that these plants can be a good natural source of fatty acids, vitamins and sterols. This study is first report about the phytochemical properties of R. discolor, and S. multicaulis.

peroxidation and reducing power) of extracts were determined by spectrophotometric methods and HPLC. The antioxidant potential of RD flower extract supplementations were evaluated by measuring total protein, glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), vitamin A and E, cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in various tissues. The flower extracts were the most active extracts for in vitro antioxidant assays. In HP administered groups, MDA level was increased, GSH and total protein levels were decreased. In RD treated group, these substances levels were protected. In RD plus HP treated group, SOD and GSH-Px levels were increased. These results show that RD flower extract have the protective effects against H2O2 via its free radical scavenging activity, and this extract affected the level of antioxidant enzymes, vitamin A and E, cholesterol, GSH, total protein and MDA.

The 1,2,4-triazole along with its derivatives were reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities [1].1,2,4-triazole moieties have been incorporated into a wide variety of therapeutically interesting drug candidates, including anti-inflammatories, CNS stimulants, sedatives, anti-anxiety compounds, antimicrobial agents, as well as anti-mycotic ones such as fluconazole, intraconazole andvoriconazole [2].As previously reported, Aminomethyl derivatives were synthesized.In this study, the effects of newly synthesized bis-1,2,4-triazole containing aminomethyl derivatives on the level of malondialdehyde(MDA)and antioxidant vitamins (A,E,C) of the serum, liver and kidney of rats have been investigated.In addition, level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamins (A,E,C) has been determined by HPLC [3].Most of the compounds showed satisfactory performance when compared to the control group [4].

We stadied some biologically active compounds, radical scavenging capacities, and antimicrobial activities in Hypericum uniglandulosum extracts. It was found that palmitic acid (12.16 ± 0.69%), oleic acid (3.45 ± 0.17%), and α-linolenic acid (17.15 ± 0.84%) were the dominant fatty acids in the extracts. It was concluded that the extracts contained stigmasterol (52.60 ± 0.57 μg/g), α-tocopherol (29.2 ± 0.54 μg/g), cholesterol (66.16 ± 0.78 μg/g), and as well as β-sitosterol (289.33 ± 4.96 μg/g). It was also determined that the methanol extracts were the most effective against free radicals. The results of the present study show the potent antimicrobial activity of H. uniglandulosum constituents suggesting that they deserve further consideration as novel antibacterial agents.

Propolis, ari kovanlarinin dis ortamdan izole edilmesi, kuvvetlendirilmesi ve dezenfeksiyonu icin kullanilan dogal bir ari urunudur. Propolisin etanolik ekstraktinin insandaki tuberkuloza neden olan basiller dahil, Gram-Gram+basil ve koklara karsi genel bir antimikrobiyal etkisinin oldugu bulunmustur. Propolis etanolik ekstraktinin farkli konsantrasyonlardaki cozeltileri, Escherichia coli ATTC 25922 disinda calismada kullandigimiz bakteri ve maya suslarinin gelismelerini engelledigi tespit edildi. Ekstrakte edilen yag asitlerinden nervonik asit (24:1) 15.8 mg/g, palmitik asit (16:0) 9.6 mg/g ve stearik asit (18:0) 2.72 mg/g propolis olarak belirlendi.

The 1,2,4-triazole and its derivatives were reported to exhibit various pharmacological activities. Mannich bases possess potent biological advantages due to being antibacterial, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antimalarial and. They also have pesticide properties. As previously reported, Mannich bases derivatives were synthesized [1]. In this study, the effects of newly synthesized a Mannich base compound which contain bis-1,2,4– triazole on the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant vitamins (A,E,C) of the serum, liver and kidney of rats have been investigated. Besides, the level of malondialdehyde and vitamins has been determined by HPLC. Compared to the control group, the compound showed satisfactory performance

This study aims to examine the antioxidant effects of some Mannich bases containing bis-1, 2, 4 triazole, which are synthesized afresh. The antioxidant activities of the derivatives were measured using different methods in this study, including reducing power capacity, metal chelating activity, superoxide anion radicals scavenging activity, H2O2 scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging. As a result, derivatives had efficient antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity when compared to ascorbic acid, BHT and alpha-tocopherol as associated antioxidants.

Aim: The antioxidant and pharmacological effects of hawthorn have mainly been attributed to the polyphenolic contents. The aim of this research is to determine some bioactive compounds and antioxidant properties of hawthorn aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves, flowers, and ripened fruits. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, antioxidant activities of extracts were assessed on DPPH•, ABTS•+, superoxide scavenging, reducing power and ferrous metal chelating activity assays and phenolic content of extracts was determined by Folin—Cioacalteu’s reagent. Results: The flavonoids including rutin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin, naringenin and kaempferol, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography in the hawthorn extract. Conclusion: It was observed the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Crataegus monogyna subsp. monogyna fruits showed the highest activity in reducing power and metal chelating activity assays. In addition, it was determined that the aqueous flower extract showed higher flavonoid content than aqueous leaves extract. The antioxidant and pharmacological effects of hawthorn have mainly been attributed to the polyphenolic contents.

Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae, yarrow) has been used in folk medicine against several disturbances including skin inflammations, spasmodic and gastrointestinal disorders. In this study, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from A. millefolium flowers, leaves and seeds. Antioxidant activities were measured by ferric thiocyanate method, and H2O2 radical scavenging activity assays and phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents of A. millefolium extracts were also determined. In conclusion, extracts of A. millefolium flowers, leaves and seeds had effective H2O2 radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant activity, and these antioxidant activities were compared with BHA and atocopherol as reference antioxidants.

Objective: Ellagic acid and hesperetin are well known as having free radical scavenging activity in some rat tissues. Aluminum is known to cause toxic effects on various organ systems. In this study, the protective role of ellagic acid and hesperetin has been investigated on macro and trace elements in liver of rats treated with AlCl3.Method: Thirty-six healthy adult male Spraque-dawley rats (240+10 g body weight) were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into six groups and Ellagic acid, Hesperetin, AlCl3, AlCl3+ Ellagic acid and AlCl3+Hesperetin were treated to each group except from the control group. Determinations of iron, calcium, copper and zinc were performed using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer and determination of aluminum and manganese were carried out with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometer.Results: Levels of aluminum, calcium and iron in AlCl3 treated group were found to be increased compared to the control group (p<0.01, p<0.001). In AlCl3+ Ellagic acid and AlCl3+Hesperetin treated groups, the levels of aluminum and calcium were found as decreased (p<0.05, p<0.001). When compared to the control group, level of manganese in liver were found to be increased in ellagic acid treated group (p<0.01). The zinc level of Hesperetin group increased when compared to the other groups (p<0.05).Conclusion: Our results suggest that ellagic acid and hesperetin may have a protective role upon major and trace elements against AlCl3-induced stress conditions.

Grape is one of the world's largest fruit crops, with an approximate annual production of 58 million metric tons, and it is well known that the grape skins, seeds and stems, waste products generated during wine and grape juice processing, are rich sources of polyphenols. It contains flavonoids, phenolic acids and stilbenes. In this study, we tried to determine antioxidant properties and phenolic contents of grape and grape products (fresh fruit, seed, dried fruit, molasses, pestil, vinegar) of ethanol and water extracts. Antioxidant properties of extracts were investigated by DPPH(√), ABTS(√+), superoxide, H(2)O(2) scavenging, reducing power, metal chelating activity and determination of total phenolic contents. The seed extracts revealed highest ABTS(√+), DPPH(√), H(2)O(2) scavenging and reducing power activities. Furthermore, these extracts showed higher total phenolic contents than other grape product extracts.

The genus Phlomis L. belongs to the Lamiaceae family and encompasses 100 species native to Turkey, North Africa, Europe and Asia. It is a popular herbal tea enjoyed for its taste and aroma. Phlomis species are used to treat various conditions such as diabetes, gastric ulcer, hemorrhoids, inflammation and wounds. In this study, ethanol and water extracts were prepared from powdered P pungens flowers and leaves. Antioxidant activities were measured by 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS(center dot+)) radical scavenging, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl free radical (DPPH center dot) scavenging, superoxide anion (02) radical scavenging, reducing activity and ferrous metal chelating activity assays. In conclusion, P. pungens flowers and leaves had effective ABTS(center dot+) and DPPH center dot radical scavenging, superoxide anion radical scavenging, reducing power and metal chelating activities when compared with BHA, BHT and alpha-tocopherol as reference antioxidants.

The aim of this research is to determine H 2O2 radical scavenging and total antioxidant activity of Crataegus monogyna (hawthorn) water and ethanol extracts of leaves, fl owers and fruits. Hawthorn leaves, flowers, and ber ries are used in traditional medicine in the treatment of chronic heart fa ilure, high blood pressure, arrhythmia, and various digestive ailments, as well as geriatric and antiarteriosclerosis remedies . In this study, ethanol and water extracts were pr epared from powdered C. monogyna flowers, leaves and fruits. Antioxidant activities were measured by ferric thiocyanate method, H 2O2 radical scavenging assays with UV-Vis spectrophotometer. In conclusion, C. monogyna flowers, leaves and fruits had H 2O2 radical scavenging, total antioxidant activity, and these a ntioxidant activities were compared with BHA and α-tocopherol as reference antioxidants. The results of this study s how that the water and ethanol extracts of C. monogyna can be used as easily accessible source of natural antioxidants an d as a possible food supplement or in pharmaceutica l industry.