Purpose This research explores the purchasing behavioural drivers of young Chinese consumers purchasing foreign clothing brands. The aim is to include a range of drivers identified by different investigations into a single approach, to determine direct and indirect channels by which these drivers influence purchasing behaviour, and their relative importance in quantitative terms. Design/methodology/approach The methodology is based on an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour that considers hypotheses based on a number of studies revised in the literature review. This theoretical framework was used as the basis for a questionnaire applied to a sample of 362 young Chinese consumers. A Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling approach was used to analyse the collected data. Findings The results revealed three main channels influencing purchasing behaviour which were shown to share the same root, corresponding to the influences of the social network young consumers belong to. This result suggests that social norms have a key role in explaining young consumers' purchasing behaviour through its impact on their needs for status and social recognition, their attitudes towards foreign cultures and foreign brands, and their beliefs regarding the attributes of foreign clothing. Practical implications The work therefore provides companies operating in the foreign clothing market the confidence to devise business strategies that focus on the channel demonstrating the highest influencing power. A strategy likely to have the highest influencing power is one that uses celebrities to promote the reputation of products and reinforce the messages associated with status and social recognition. Reinforcement of these strategies could include secondary strategies linked to the other channels such as the one related to the adoption of foreign cultural symbolism. Originality/value In contrast to the majority of related studies, this investigation also explores indirect channels or paths by which a behavioural driver affects the behaviour of young Chinese consumers. In fact, this investigation not only simultaneously identified the different paths influencing young Chinese consumers purchasing behaviour but also quantitatively identified their relative importance.

This article investigates the key criteria that characterize the institutionalization of citizen participation in public organisms. A model is developed using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (ahp) methodology, to identify and weigh which are the most relevant factors for public organizations to implement effective participatory processes. It is concluded that there are four key areas that explain the different degrees of institutionalization of participatory processes in these organizations: 1) the leadership of the authorities; 2) the normative and procedural scope; 3) the competencies and commitment of the teams that develop the participation, and 4) the management approaches and cultures that predominate in each agency. All these criteria contain a series of complementary elements, which, taken together, constitute a model proposal for optimal processes of institutionalization of citizen participation in public organism.

In spite of the potential negative effects that Brexit could bring to the United Kingdom (UK), the majority of the electorate voted to leave the European Union (EU). As a result of this paradoxical choice, a number of studies have been developed to understand the factors that triggered this voting decision. Most of them take into account factors related to immigration from East Europe, national identity, and sovereignty recovering, among others. However, these factors do not seem to reflect the reasons behind farmers' Brexit voting choice. Using a behavioural approach based on the theory of planned behaviour, the aim of the study was to contribute to the body of literature by undertaking an indicative study of UK farmers' Brexit voting decisions. The study found that for the sample group, voting choice was strongly influenced by farmers' perceptions about EU legislation, their attitudes towards the EU, their perceived capacity to control factors that impact on the farm performance, their sense of self and their notions of autonomy within the confines of prescriptive agricultural policy and the influence of their social relationships.

The number of young farmers has decreased over recent decades in several developed countries such as the United States and European countries. A recent strategy adopted by the European Union to address the resulting age imbalance is the Young Farmer Payment which provides an additional payment on top of the average basic payment introduced in the last Common Agricultural Policy reform. The objective of this study is to determine, by means of a behavioural approach, how this payment influenced the incentives of young farmers to stay in the farm. Using the endogenous succession cycle model and the structural modelling technique, we found that the payment affected young farmers’ willingness to stay through its influence on non-economic motivational goals. However, we also found that there are other factors that can be even more influential, such as pessimism about farming, community and family integration, participation in decision making, and the opinion of neighbours, among others. Based on the results, we argue that similar policies could be adopted in other countries, although policies would be more effective in addressing age imbalances if they are accompanied with complementary strategies aimed to deal with the identified social and psychological considerations.

En la actualidad, los usuarios de instituciones públicas exigen servicios acorde a sus necesidades, esperando una atención de calidad que les permita sentirse satisfechos con el servicio recibido. En Chile, un tema pendiente en la agenda de modernización del Estado es la mejora real de la calidad de servicio en el sector público. Particularmente, a nivel de municipios este proceso ha sido insuficiente y existe escasa evidencia de estudios que midan la percepción de satisfacción usuaria y calidad de servicio. El presente estudio propone un modelo PLS de Ecuaciones Estructurales para medir y explicar los factores que inciden en la calidad percibida y la imagen, y cómo estos factores afectan la satisfacción de los usuarios de servicios de instituciones públicas. El modelo fue aplicado a los servicios entregados por la Municipalidad de la comuna de Lo Prado de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la “Eficiencia en los procedimientos” relativos a la agilidad de los procesos de atención, y la “Atención del personal” son los factores que producen el mayor efecto sobre la “Calidad percibida” y la “Satisfacción”. El modelo expuesto se proyecta por los autores como una herramienta de gestión que permite apoyar las decisiones de focalización de los recursos disponibles y de mejoras.

Current users of public institutions demand services that fulfill their needs, expecting quality services they can feel satisfied with. In Chile, one of the greatest pending tasks of the State’s modernization objectives is to achieve an actual improvement in the quality of the services offered by the public sector. More specifically, on a municipal level, the process has been insufficient, and there is scarce evidence of research measuring users’ perceptions of satisfaction and service quality. This study proposes a PLS model with Structural Ecuations to measure and explain the factors that influence perceived quality and image, and how these factors affect users of public institutions. The model was applied to the services rendered by the Municipality of the borough of Lo Prado in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. The obtained results show that “Efficiency in proceedings” related to the speed in which services are provided, and the “Staff Assistance” are the factors that produce the largest effects over “Perceived quality” and “Satisfaction”. The authors propose the model described above as a management tool; one that supports decision-making, rationalization of available resources and improvements.

The concept of sustainable development involves three main dimensions: economic development, environmental sustainability and social sustainability. Some researchers argue that the first two dimensions cannot be achieved without ensuring social sustainability. In spite of this, little attention has been paid to this side of sustainable development. Recent research suggests that a way to achieve social sustainability is by means of collaboration, because it improves social conditions, allowing farmers to increase satisfaction at work. Satisfaction at work, in turn, can motivate farmers to adopt environmental practices. In this context, collaboration is seen as a social activity. The aim of this article is to extend this research and to investigate whether collaboration seen as an economic activity may also influence farmers’ satisfaction at work. The material and methods adopted for this purpose correspond to primary data obtained from a questionnaire and processed by means of the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Methodology. The results revealed that farmers’ participation in collaborative alliances helps them to achieve economic targets such as reducing costs and obtaining higher prices for their production. This in turn positively affects satisfaction at work in terms of farming life and enjoyment. It is concluded, therefore, that collaboration and farmers’ satisfaction at work not only has to be linked to a sociological dimension but also to an economic one. These dimensions complement each other and offer new possible strategies for policymakers.

The concept of sustainable development involves three main dimensions: economic development, environmental sustainability and social sustainability. Some researchers argue that the first two dimensions cannot be achieved without ensuring social sustainability. In spite of this, little attention has been paid to this side of sustainable development. Recent research suggests that a way to achieve social sustainability is by means of collaboration, because it improves social conditions, allowing farmers to increase satisfaction at work. Satisfaction at work, in turn, can motivate farmers to adopt environmental practices. In this context, collaboration is seen as a social activity. The aim of this article is to extend this research and to investigate whether collaboration seen as an economic activity may also influence farmers’ satisfaction at work. The material and methods adopted for this purpose correspond to primary data obtained from a questionnaire and processed by means of the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Methodology. The results revealed that farmers’ participation in collaborative alliances helps them to achieve economic targets such as reducing costs and obtaining higher prices for their production. This in turn positively affects satisfaction at work in terms of farming life and enjoyment. It is concluded, therefore, that collaboration and farmers’ satisfaction at work not only has to be linked to a sociological dimension but also to an economic one. These dimensions complement each other and offer new possible strategies for policymakers.

The purpose of this work is to design a methodological proposal in order to measure the outcomes of social programs and projects, to support its management and to evaluate its outcomes. To accomplish this, the methodology integrated the logical framework with the multiple criteria decision tool Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and, later, it is applied to a relevant social program called "Country Service Program" in Chile. The results show the usefulness of developing an integrated model that provides an indicator that synthesizes the outcomes of a social program as well as the results of the logical framework components. We propose the design of a valid methodology that supports focusing resources on effective social programs implementation, as well as, it offers some advantages related with obtaining prioritized components and the strengths and weaknesses of a social program. Finally, this study highlights the relative dearth of qualitative-quantitative assessments for social programs results. The proposed methodology will encourage stakeholders to develop new empirically supported measures in order to evaluate outcomes. Future research could apply this quantitative method in different programs, samples and contexts.

El proposito de este trabajo es exponer una propuesta metodologica para medir el logro de programas y proyectos sociales, apoyar su gestion y evaluar sus resultados. Para ello, se integro el marco logico con la metodologia multicriterio “Proceso Analitico Jerarquico” y luego se aplico a un programa social de prestigio denominado “Programa Servicio Pais” en Chile. Los resultados muestran la utilidad de desarrollar un modelo integrado que permite obtener un indicador que sintetiza el logro del programa, asi como el logro y peso de cada componente del marco logico. Se propone el diseno de una metodologia valida que apoye a los tomadores de decision en el proceso de focalizacion de los recursos en la etapa de implementacion de un proyecto social. Esta herramienta ofrece una serie de ventajas, entre ellas, la obtencion de prioridades en los componentes y la identificacion de fortalezas y debilidades en la evaluacion de resultados de un programa social. Finalmente, esta investigacion pone de manifiesto la escasez relativa de tecnicas cuantitativas para evaluar los resultados de un programa social mediante un indice de logro por cada dimension considerada. La metodologia propuesta motivara a los tomadores de decision a desarrollar nuevas mediciones utiles para el analisis de los logros. Futuras investigaciones pueden aplicar esta herramienta, de caracter cuantitativo, para establecer soluciones frente a diversas problematicas sociales, con distintas muestras y en diferentes contextos

Introducción: En Chile, la mayoría de los establecimientos de atención primaria dependen de los municipios, que cuentan con capacidades muy heterogéneas, lo cual se reproduce en la gestión de salud municipal. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar un índice de resultados de gestión de Centros de Salud Familiar (CESFAM), con el que se estudiará la heterogeneidad en la región Metropolitana. Metodología: Siguiendo la metodología multicriterio y el proceso de análisis jerárquico, se define junto a un equipo de expertos una estructura jerárquica para evaluar los resultados de gestión de los CESFAM. Se determinan tres criterios estratégicos (gestión clínica, gestión administrativa y trabajo intersectorial), que por medio de comparaciones a pares obtienen ponderadores de 53,7%, 34,3% y 12,0%, respectivamente. El índice es evaluado a través de 25 indicadores, utilizando información ya recopilada por los CESFAM. Resultados: Se calculó el índice para 90 CESFAM, con datos del año 2013disponibles en DEIS. Los CESFAM estudiados obtuvieron puntajes entre 0,26 y 0,81 (media 0,56, desviación estándar 0,12). Al realizar una categorización y una georreferenciación de los establecimientos se observa heterogeneidad en los resultados, la cual se manifiesta a nivel de red asistencial y comunal. Discusión: Existen grandes diferencias en los resultados de gestión de los CESFAM, incluso entre establecimientos cercanos. Llama la atención la variabilidad al interior de algunas comunas, que no puede ser explicada por diferencias de recursos. Se identifica así un espacio importante de mejora, que puede ser abordado a través de actividades de colaboración entre establecimientos.

Introducción En materia de infancia, en los últimos años, Chile ha ratificado instrumentos y convenciones internacionales que dan cuenta de los cambios en los sentidos y en las formas de hacer frente, a través de la política social, a las necesidades de cada etapa del desarrollo de los niños y las niñas. En este contexto, figuran, entre otros, la ratificación de la Convención sobre los derechos del niño, en 1990, junto a los protocolos que la complementan, así como las reformas e instrumentos de política pública que se han impulsado en el país con posterioridad a su aprobación. Ejemplos de ellos, son la Política Nacional a favor de la Infancia y la Adolescencia 2001-2010 (2000); la creación de los Tribunales de Familia, por medio de la Ley N° 19.968, de 2004; la adecuación del plano jurídico orientado a los adolescentes en conflicto con la justicia, por medio de la Ley N° 20.084, del año 2005; y la instalación de una política universal dirigida a la primera infancia, a través del Sistema de Protección Integral “Chile Crece Contigo”, en el año 2009, la cual se institucionaliza como parte integrante del Sistema Intersectorial de Protección Social chileno (Ley N° 20.379, de 2009). Por su parte, en materia de discapacidad, dentro de las medidas que ha tomado el Estado en los últimos años, destacan la ratificación de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad en el año 2008, así como la aprobación de la Ley N° 20.422 sobre igualdad de oportunidades e inclusión social de las personas con discapacidad, que deroga la Ley N° 19.284 1 que abordaba la materia. Estos avances en el ámbito institucional se constituyen en hechos concretos por medio de los cuales el Estado ha generado y avanzado en el robustecimiento de las condiciones para el resguardo de los derechos de los niños y las niñas, ejerciendo su rol como responsable de garantizar sus derechos económicos, sociales, culturales, civiles y políticos, poniendo especial atención en aquellos más vulnerables (IIN, 2007). En relación con las expresiones de mayor vulnerabilidad en materia de infancia, se encuentra la situación en la que viven los niños y las niñas con discapacidad. Ello, en tanto, por un lado, enfrentan diversas barreras que les impiden integrarse socialmente y ejercer de forma activa sus derechos en igualdad de condiciones que sus pares, y por otro, en tanto se ven más expuestos a vivir episodios de vulneración de sus derechos a causa de la indefensión que les produce la determinada discapacidad que presenten. Lo anterior es especialmente sensible -aunque en ningún caso privativoen niños y niñas que presentan alguna discapacidad mental, quienes han sido reconocidos por la literatura como altamente vulnerables a sufrir episodios de violencia y abuso sexual, por señalar solo algunas expresiones de maltrato (Berástegui y Gómez, 2006). En este sentido, la infancia con discapacidad ha sido visibilizada por una acción estatal que ha buscado contribuir al resguardo de sus derechos, pero también ha sido atendida por una esfera civil que interviene en la provisión de bienestar, desarrollando una oferta programática que ha apuntado a la promoción, el resguardo y la restitución de sus derechos en los casos necesarios. Es en este contexto en que se sitúa este trabajo. Su análisis se enfoca en las dinámicas presentes en el vínculo que se genera entre la acción estatal y las organizaciones de la sociedad civil que intervienen en el desarrollo de políticas sociales orientadas a la atención de la infancia con

This work analyzes the link being generated between State and civil society organizations around social policies aimed at improving the quality of life of children with disabilities. It considers the context in which this link is being generated and the elements within that are recognized as priorities in terms of contributing to the social integration of this vulnerable group. Methodologically, the study combines qualitative and quantitative tools, integrating the analysis of the present content and key sources on policies for children with disabilities and the public-private link, considered with quantitative instrument by means of the multi-criteria AHP methodology. This methodological integration allows taking account of the context of the public-private link and its constitutive elements at the level of dimensions and components. In turn, it allows for quantitatively determining the priorities of these elements in relation to their contribution to the objective of the social integration of children with disabilities. Among the conclusions of this research is that this link is generated within a scenario configured by an institutional dimension (understood as the formal and informal regulatory framework in which the public-private approach develops); an organizational dimension (referring to the organizational resources of the State and the civil society put to the service of social policy aimed at integration of disabled children); and of a financial type (understood as the set of public ad private economic resources that support the initiative). These dimensions present relatively similar priorities in terms of the social integration of children with disabilities. As well, each of these is made up of different elements with specific priorities in relation to the goal of integration. Some identified challenges in this document are related to what institutional contexts offer the space to work on disseminating the rights of persons with disabilities, such that they contribute to these being recognized and enter the collective discourse in favor of the rights of children. At the organizational level, there is the challenge to strengthen the human capital involved with children with disabilities. The financial dimension highlights the importance of instruments such as transfers oriented to the rehabilitation of children, as well as the variability of revenues to sustain such initiatives when they provided from grants or from fundraising on the part of organizations themselves. This raises the question of whether the State should exercise its role in this dimension, for example, through subsidies in relation to the economic, social and cultural rights of children; and constituting the primary actor in ensuring the condition for the active exercise of the rights of children, including those children with disabilities.

En este trabajo se observa el vínculo público-privado existente en Chile para abordar políticas de infancia. Se analizan el papel de ambas esferas y las dimensiones y componentes necesarios para que este encuentro anteponga el interés superior del niño. Se considera el juicio de expertos mediante el análisis de contenido, permitiendo identificar las dimensiones y componentes relevantes de la interacción. Posteriormente, la metodología ahp (proceso analítico jerárquico) permite priorizarlos cuantitativamente procurando que este encuentro incida positivamente en la niñez. Se evidencia que esta interacción se desarrolla verticalmente, donde el Estado define las políticas y la sociedad civil las implementa, debido principalmente a que en la esfera pública se administran los recursos que, en alto porcentaje, sostienen a la esfera privada. Se concluye que existe el desafío de generar diálogos horizontales, en que la interacción no sea condicionada por recursos económicos, sino por el propósito compartido respecto de la infancia.

This article discusses the public-private links that exist in Chile to collaborate on childhood policies. It analyses the role played by the two sectors and the dimensions and components that are needed to ensure that their collaboration puts the best interests of the child at the forefront. It considers expert opinion through an analysis of content, which makes it possible to identify the relevant dimensions and components of the interaction, which are then prioritized quantitatively using the analytical hierarchical process (ahp) methodology to ensure a positive effect on childhood. The article shows that this interaction is top-down, with the State defining policies and civil society implementing them, which mainly reflects the fact that the public domain manages resources that are largely sustained by the private sector. The conclusion is that there is a challenge in generating horizontal dialogues, in which interaction is not constrained by economic resources but by shared purpose with regard to children.