Regularities of formation of the spatial-energy profile (SEP) of the visibility zone (VZ) of active-pulse vision systems (APVS) have been numerically studied, taking into account the ratio of the cross sections of the observation object A(ob) and the laser illumination beam A(las) in the plane of the object location. For this, the concepts of the boundary distance S-bd, at which A(ob) = A(las) and the multiplier w = A(ob)/A(las), which is added to the well-known equation for the recorded APVS signal, are introduced. Taking into account the finite length of the VZ, the following cases can be distinguished. If S-bd >= S-end (end point of the VZ) within the VZ w =1. Previously known studies were performed for this case. When S-start (starting point of the VZ) <= S-bd < S-end within the VZ, there may first be a range of distances with a maximum value w(1) = 1, after which there is a range with a factor decreasing to a certain minimum value w(2) < 1. Finally, when S-bd < S-start within the limits of the VZ, w(1)(S-del1) < 1 and w(2)(S-del2) < 1 (in this case, w(2) is always less than w(1), and the delay distance S-del1 < S-del2). Taking into account the multiplier w < 1 leads, in the corresponding range, to a change in the shape of the SEP, maximum signal values, and other characteristics implemented within the visibility zone. A generalizing parameter that in practice characterizes the infl uence of the range of distances, where w < 1, is the maximum operating range (MOR) of the system S-MOR. For the parameters used in the calculations, taking into account the indicated influence led to a decrease in the S-MOR by 2.9-5.0 times. The main mechanisms for the influence of the relative position of S-bd and the VZ on the characteristics of MOR are given. The main results of numerical modeling are confirmed experimentally.

Results are presented for a TEM laser system with a peak output power of ≥10 kW in several spectral ranges and with an improved design through the use of a combined gas mixture containing inert gases lasing on electronic transitions in addition to CO 2 molecules.

New approaches for immunotherapy based on nanodiamond particles have been developed. The possible ways of conjugate synthesis comprising antibody as targeting vector, nanodiamond particles as carrier, chlorine e6 as photosensitizer, have been demonstrated. Spectral-luminescent properties of the conjugates have been studied. It has been shown that the conjugate obtained effectively binds to cells in vitro. It was observed that chlorine e6 immobilized on ND particles reveals its photodynamic activity under illumination and induces death of cells. Based on obtained results, possible advanced therapeutic strategies for novel medicine technologies have been proposed

The role of nanodiamonds in the reaction of photochemical transformation of tryptophan in the presence of halogenated carbohydrates is studied. Photochemical transformation of free tryptophan in a suspension of diamond nanoparticles and in a hybrid complex with the latter under UV irradiation in the presence of chloroform is investigated. The data obtained in the course of the stationary and time-resolved studies reveal the presence of the nonradiative transfer of the electronic-excitation energy between tryptophan molecules and products of its photodecomposition in the case of covalent complex with the nanodiamond. It is demonstrated that this energy transfer enhances the integral intensity of fluorescence in the spectral interval around ~450 nm. The covalent complex of tryptophan and nanodiamond can thus be used as a fluorescent marker of the presence of chloroform in a solution.

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) derived from hydrogen peroxide and chloride anion by myeloperoxidase (MPO) plays a significant role in physiological and pathological processes. Herein we report a phenoxazine-based fluorescent probe Celestine Blue B (CB) that is applicable for HOCl detection in living cells and for assaying the chlorinating activity of MPO. A remarkable selectivity and sensitivity (limit of detection is 32 nM), along with a rapid "turn-on" response of CB to HOCl was demonstrated. Furthermore, the probe was able to detect endogenous HOCl and reactive halogenated species by fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques. Hence, CB is a promising tool for investigating the role of HOCl in health and disease and for screening the drugs capable of regulating MPO activity.

The role of nanodiamonds in the reaction of photochemical transformation of tryptophan in the presence of halogen hydrocarbons has been studied. The photochemical transformation of free tryptophan in a suspension with diamond nanoparticles and in a hybrid complex with them when exposed to UV radiation in the presence of chloroform is investigated. Data from stationary and time-resolved spectroscopic studies show the presence of non-radiative transfer of electron excitation energy between tryptophan molecules and its photodestruction products for the case of a covalent complex with a nanodiamond. It is shown that in the presence of energy transfer, an increase in the intensity of integral fluorescence occurs in the range of ~ 450 nm. Thus, a covalent tryptophan complex with a nanodiamond can serve as a fluorescent marker for the presence of chloroform in solution.

The role of nanodiamonds in the reaction of photochemical transformation of tryptophan in the presence of halogen hydrocarbons has been studied. The photochemical transformation of free tryptophan in a suspension with diamond nanoparticles and in a hybrid complex with them when exposed to UV radiation in the presence of chloroform is investigated. Data from stationary and time-resolved spectroscopic studies show the presence of non-radiative transfer of electron excitation energy between tryptophan molecules and its photodestruction products for the case of a covalent complex with a nanodiamond. It is shown that in the presence of energy transfer, an increase in the intensity of integral fluorescence occurs in the range of ~ 450 nm. Thus, a covalent tryptophan complex with a nanodiamond can serve as a fluorescent marker for the presence of chloroform in solution. Keywords: nanoscale diamonds, hybrid complexes, tryptophan phototransformation, spectral-luminescent properties, fluorescence decay kinetics, chloroform.

Water-soluble complexes of meso -substituted porphyrins with active functional carboxy- and amino-groups which chemically conjugated with cyclosaccharides have been created and studied. The penetrating abilities of the synthesized complexes into the cellular structure of fibroblast-like cells were studied by the method of luminescent microscopy.

The complexes of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin with nanoscale diamonds were studied by spectroscopic methods. The polarization characteristics of their steady-state fluorescence indicate the formation of a covalently bound complex between porphyrin molecules and diamond nanoparticles. Using the data of steady-state fluorescence anisotropy, the hydrodynamic volumes of the studied complexes were estimated. The measurements showed that the photophysical properties of porphyrin barely change upon the formation of an organic–inorganic hybrid complex with nanodiamonds. The studied complexes can be promising in the field of biomedical research, in particular, in diagnosing and developing a new generation of photosensitizers for practical medicine.

Meso-tetra (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin complexes with nano-sized diamonds were studied spectroscopically. The polarization characteristics of their steady-state fluorescence indicate the formation of a covalently bound complex between porphyrin molecules and diamond nanoparticles. The hydrodynamic volumes of the studied complexes were estimated on the basis of data on steady-state fluorescence anisotropy. Measurements have shown that the photophysical properties of porphyrin do not change significantly when an organo-inorganic hybrid complex with nanodiamonds is formed. The studied complexes can be promising in the field of biomedical research, in particular, for diagnostic purposes and for the development of new generation photosensitizers for practical medicine.

It is shown experimentally that a cornea represents a 213 nm UV inhomogeneous material both at depth and around a surface in relation to UV effective absorption coefficient and local laser depth ablation rate, which should be taken into account for a more exact planning of a profile of removed cornea collagen material during eye vision correction.

Conjugates of chlorin e (6) with diamond nanoparticles were synthesized by two methods. The spectral and luminescent properties of the obtained conjugates were studied. It was shown that chlorin e (6) retained its photosensitizing activity in the conjugate. It was established that chlorin e (6) immobilized directly on diamond nanoparticles had higher photosensitizing activity than that conjugated using a spacer. It was observed that chlorin e (6) in the conjugate had higher photolytic stability than the free form.

It is shown experimentally that a cornea represents a 213 nm UV inhomogeneous material both at depth and around a surface in relation to UV effective absorption coefficient and local laser depth ablation rate, which should be taken into account for a more exact planning of a profile of removed cornea collagen material during eye vision correction.

The current paper considers the feasibility of application of novel supramolecular complexes based on nanodiamond particles and rear earth elements (ND-REE) as perspective luminescent material for surface mapping and discontinues of minimal size detection. The new hybrid supramolecular complex of composition (ND)m[Eu (BPhen.)2(NO3)2]m has been developed and fabricated. Spectral-luminescent and structural properties of complex have been investigated. It has been shown that the complex has broad excitation bands from 200 to 400 nm, very effective red long-lifetime luminescence in the millisecond range and high quantum yield (about 80%). Using scanning electron microscopy the morphology and size of the complexes have been investigated. The complexes with NDs look like finer grains of spherical shape without sharp corner pieces. The size of primary particles varies from 0.1μm, which are capable to agglomeration up to 10 μm in average. Using the fine suspension of ND-containing complex in isopropyl alcohol as luminescent penetrant for ceramic surface status inspection it has been demonstrated that this type of complexes can be revealed on surface under UV-irradiation as bright red indicated traces.

Ground wood cellulose paper exhibits a practicable cleaning laser fluence window during middle-UV radiation processing. In this case, a minimum dose volume density should be applied. However, cleaning of bleached cellulose paper is accompanied by strong yellowing and destruction. The presence of charcoal graphite particulates shows substantial influence on the yellowing with increasing coverage.

Summary Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing enzyme released from activated leukocytes into the extracellular space during inflammation. Its main function is the production of hypohalous acids that are potent oxidants. MPO can also modulate cell signaling and inflammatory responses independently of its enzymatic activity. Because MPO is regarded as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases associated with increased platelet activity, we studied the effects of MPO on human platelet functional properties. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was used to reveal carbohydrate-independent MPO binding to human platelet membrane. Adding MPO to platelets did not activate their aggregation under basal conditions (without agonist). In contrast, MPO augmented agonist-induced platelet aggregation, which was not prevented by MPO enzymatic activity inhibitors. It was found that exposure of platelets to MPO leads to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and an increase in their elasticity. Furthermore, MPO evoked a rise in cytosolic Ca2+ through enhancement of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Together, these findings indicate that MPO is not a direct agonist but rather a mediator that binds to human platelets, induces actin cytoskeleton reorganization and affects the mechanical stiffness of human platelets, resulting in potentiating SOCE and agonist-induced human platelet aggregation. Therefore, an increased activity of platelets in vascular disease can, at least partly, be provided by MPO elevated concentrations.

The laser-induced phase separation of charcoal particles on additive-free cotton linters cellulose paper was investigated by electron and optical microscopy, colorimetry, and diffuse reflectance FT-IR. The fibre bundles were vaporised in depth of several 10 μm above destruction fluence thresholds using visible 532 nm radiation. This is in contrast to mid-ultraviolet 213 nm radiation, where only the top fibre bundles were modified and partially evaporated. The colorimetric lightness results generally represented the cleaning status, whereas the colorimetric yellowing data represented irreversible chemical and/or photochemical changes. Charcoal-contaminated paper treated with visible and mid-ultraviolet radiation exhibited yellowing, whereas uncontaminated did not. This suggests that the electron-rich plasma generated by the evaporation of the particles heats the adjacent substrate and also excludes oxygen. Mid-ultraviolet, in contrast to visible radiation, shows particle removal always accompanied by paper destruction. IR spectroscopy results suggest cross-linking by ether bonds near the destruction threshold, but do not prove the formation of oxidation products and double bonds as the basis of the yellowing. A “cleaning window” between the cleaning threshold (0.1 J/cm2) and the paper destruction threshold (2.9 J/cm2) with a pulse number of 2 is provided by visible 532 nm laser treatment.

We have studied complex formation between molecules of the fluorescent probe 1-anilinonaphthalene-8-sulfonate (1,8-ANS) and the major form (A 1 ) and a minor form (A b ) of hemoglobin. The contribution of the longlived component f 3 to the kinetic curves for fluorescence decay in HbA 1b solutions is 0.021–0.036, which indicates a dramatic decrease (compared with HbA 1 ) in the accessibility of the central cavity of HbA 1b for binding 1,8-ANS. Disappearance of the long-lived component f 3 in the fluorescence decay kinetics of 1,8-ANS in HbA 1b solutions in the presence of inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) suggests that the regulatory region of HbA1b is completely inaccessible for interaction both with the negatively charged molecules of the probe and with natural regulators of the transport function for this form of the heme protein.