In the presented material of the Samara State Agrarian University and Don State Technical University, the results of research on improving technologies for cultivating grain corn on the drylands using nitrogen, mineral, liquid fertilisers based on a carbamide-ammonia mixture — CAM are considered: CAM-32, CAM+S produced by PJSC “Kuibyshev-Azot” (Togliatti, Samara region), introducing them with an innovative, agrochemical, modular, multifunctional complex “Tuman...” (LLC “Pegas-Agro” — Samara). With a significant demand of corn for moisture and nitrogen fertilisers, it is very difficult to get a high yield without irrigation on the drylands, and therefore various technologies for using more effective liquid fertilisers instead of solid ones are being investigated in a region with insufficient moisture supply: in the Samara region of the Volga region of the Russian Federation. CAM has specific properties to cause “burns” of corn leaves; corn is a promising, highly productive crop with a great need for a macronutrient-nitrogen in the composition of a carbamide-ammonia mixture, and therefore to minimise this disadvantage, special extension hoses should be applied to hose sprayers, but they also have a technological disadvantage: corn foliar feeding requires additional moisture in the form of intense summer precipitation for the delivery of fertilisers through the soil layer to the root system zone. Thanks to the appearance of the foreign “Duport” aggregate, this problem is solved by special injection working bodies when applying CAM in the soil internally. The successful import substitution of the Duport unit was carried out by LLC “Pegas-Agro” (Samara, Russia) as well as by many other enterprises, creating a special module: the multi-injector “Tuman” for injecting more effective CAM.

Magnetic stimulation of seeds is one of the electrophysical methods that increases the germination and intensity of plant growth. To identify the factors affecting the magnetic field on seeds, an experimental research method was developed using a magnetic seed stimulation unit with a vibrating dispenser. Studies have been conducted on the influence of the frequency of the magnetic field on the process of seed dosing. The minimum supply of Spring Wheat and Amaranth seeds, respectively, was 3.1 kg/h and 1.7 kg/h at a frequency of 10 Hz. The maximum feed was observed at a frequency of 110 Hz—70.1 kg/h and 22.7 kg/h, respectively.The stimulation time at a frequency from 10 Hz to 110 Hz for spring wheat varies in the range from 90 s to 4 s, Amaranth—from 89 s to 7 s. Given the required seed stimulation time, the necessary feed can be set by changing the frequency.

Detailed automated analysis of crop images is critical to the development of smart agriculture and can significantly improve the quantity and quality of agricultural products. A hyperspectral camera potentially allows to extract more information about the observed object than a conventional one, so its use can help in solving problems that are difficult to solve with conventional methods. Often, predictive models that solve such problems require a large dataset for training. However, sufficiently large datasets of hyperspectral images of agricultural plants are not currently publicly available. Therefore, we present a new dataset of hyperspectral images of plants in this paper. This dataset can be accessed via URL https://pypi.org/project/HSI-Dataset-API/. It contains 385 hyperspectral images with a spatial resolution of 512 by 512 pixels and spectral resolution of 237 spectral bands. The images were captured in the summer of 2021 in Samara and Novocherkassk (Russia) using Offner based Imaging Hyperspectrometer of our own production. The article demonstrates the work of some basic approaches to the analysis of hyperspectral images using the dataset and states problems for further solving.

The article is devoted to improving the winter wheat seeding technology. Choosing the rational design of the opener group enables the placement of crop seeds in a deeper moisty soil layer for their rapid germination with the formation of a surface relief from furrows. Seeds are placed into furrows at the optimal depth 4–5 cm and furrow slices are formed by the soil thrown out of the furrow by chisel-shaped openers and compacted by individual rollers for each opener. That solves the problem of insufficient soil moisture in arid regions.

The paper presents the results of a study of the method of classification of vegetation types based on hyperspectral survey data. A hyperspectrometer based on the Offner scheme was used as a shooting equipment. The spatial-spectral architecture of a convolutional neural network is used as a classifier. The experiments performed show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for the classification of vegetation types.

Research is aimed at increasing energy saving in the cultivation of vegetable, green and aromatic crops in an environmentally friendly way. At present, there is a need to increase energy saving and intensify the production of vegetable products, while simultaneously improving their quality. The most affordable, environmentally friendly and energy-saving way to accelerate the cultivation of plants is electrical stimulation, that is, the impact on plants of an electric field of high intensity. The use of a pulsed electric field of high intensity accelerates metabolic processes in plant cells and photosynthesis. As a result, their accelerated growth, development and fruiting occur. The accelerated growth and development of plants leads to shorter growing times and thus higher energy savings per production cycle. In the conducted experimental studies, the field strength varied in the range from 10 to 50 kV/m. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest stimulation efficiency was achieved at an electric field strength of 30 kV/m. The increase in plant height was 32

The purpose of the work is to improve the quality of seed treatment with a magnetic field. Magnetic stimulation of seeds is one of the electrophysical methods that increases the germination and intensity of plant growth. This method is environmentally friendly and does not require large energy costs. There are various devices for magnetic stimula-tion of plants. To increase productivity flow-type installations are created. One of the main tasks is the uniform stimu-lation of seeds in compliance with the required processing time. An installation of magnetic seed stimulation with vi-bration dosing has been developed, which ensures the equal stimulation of seeds of different crops in the flow with the possibility of regulating the number of seeds being processed. A vibrating dispenser is an element that provides dosing, while its main parts are an electromagnet and vibrating plates. By changing the frequency of the coil supply current, the seed supply is changed by the dispenser. Studies on the influence of the magnetic field frequency on the process of dosing wheat and amaranth seeds have been conducted. The minimum supply of spring wheat and ama-ranth seeds, respectively, was 3.1 and 1.7 kg/h at a frequency of 10 Hz. The maximum feed was observed at a fre-quency of 110 Hz – 70.1 and 22.7 kg/h, respectively. The stimulation time when the frequency changes from 10 to 110 Hz for spring wheat varies in the range from 90 to 4 s, amaranth – from 89 to 7 s. Considering the required seed stimulation time, the necessary feed can be set by changing the frequency. At the same time, the supply of the dispenser in the operating ranges has a linear dependence on the frequency of the electric current supplied to the electromagnet.

When evaluating tillage machines, one of the important places is occupied by agrotechnical assessment of the quality of the technological process of tillage. The properties of the soil as an object of cultivation, as well as the processes occurring during the interaction of the soil with any materials, are studied by agricultural mechanics, created by V.P. Goryachkin. One of the most important characteristics of the soil condition is the hardness of the soil, or the resistance provided by the soil to the penetration of any deformer into it. This article describes the forces and stresses that occur when the plunger penetrates into the soil. According to the theoretical provisions, friction force F, drag force Q, total force P, stresses σ1 and hardness T are calculated, theoretical dependences of soil hardness on the tip diameter on compacted and loose soil are given.

In this paper, we propose an approach to the classification of high-resolution hyperspectral images in the applied problem of identification of vegetation types. A modified spectral-spatial convolutional neural network with compensation for illumination variations is used as a classifier. For generating a training dataset, an algorithm based on an adaptive vegetation index is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is shown on the basis of survey data of agricultural lands obtained from a compact hyperspectral camera developed in-house.

Use of a variety of electrotechnics is a technologically-efficient and environmentally-friendly technique that increases the productivity of cultivated plants. Stimulation of green plants and vegetable crops in electric field with the intensity of 5-50 kV/m made it clear that the maximum efficiency is observed in the growth period – an increase of up to 30%, compared to the control. Plants have been subjected to stimulation for 3 hours twice a day (in the morning and in the evening). Analysis of studies on the pre-seeding seed stimulation showed that the exposure to pulsed magnetic field improves the dynamics of germination and plant growth at the early stages of development by an average of 10-20%, and more uniform germination helps to ensure high yields.

The conducted analysis of the technical provision of machine-tractor fleet of Russian agricultural enterprises for the implementation of crop production technologies revealed a lack of technical support of agricultural production, which leads to a reduction in acreage or stretching of agricultural terms of technological operations. All this leads to a significant loss of agricultural products. The qualitative conditions of enterprises are described by four stable zones, which are directly dependent on the level of technical equipment of production: a zone of minimizing the scale of production, and in many cases the termination of the enterprise’s operation; zone of extended agrotechnical terms of technological operations; zone of optimal agrotechnical terms established by the requirements of technological maps; zone of strengthening the protective properties of the enterprise and increasing the reliability of its operation. The method of determining the need for agricultural machinery was developed, which showed that the best level of technical provision is a level that ensures reliable performance of all technological operations in the optimal agrotechnical terms, on the basis of which the boundary conditions of technical security are developed.