Nanotechnology is a rapidly expanding branch of scientific research. The use of plants to synthesize nanoparticles has gained interest as an environmentally friendly. The green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) mediated leaf extract is gaining importance due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. Herein, ZnO-NPs were synthesized, utilizing Passiflora foetida (P. foetida) aqueous leaf extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were employed to characterize using UV–Vis, XRD, IR, and FE-SEM with EDAX, HR-TEM, and zeta potential. According to the data, the UV–vis spectra exhibited an absorption peak at 430 nm. The FT-IR spectra of the synthesized ZnO-NPs exposed the presence of eight functional groups. The X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the crystalline structure of the ZnO nanoparticles. The FE-SEM and HR-TEM of the synthesized ZnO-NPs evaluated spherical form with size ranging from 50 to 90 nm, and the EDaX spectrum demonstrated the presence of strong Zn signals. Furthermore, the synthesized ZnO-NPs have significant antibacterial activity, with the highest zone of inhibition observed in E. coli (18.75 mm) at 50 µg. The antioxidant study of the synthesized ZnO-NPs displayed remarkable activity against DPPH and H2O2 radical scavenging assays with an IC50 value of 111.92 and 95.29 µg/mL respectively. The synthesized ZnO-NPs have shown significant anticancer activity against the A549 cell line, with an IC50 value of 44.56 μg/mL. In addition, the synthesized ZnO-NPs showed strong efficacy against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (LC50 and LC90 values of 1.756 and 9.975 mg/mL, respectively). Thus, the synthesized ZnO-NPs revealed substantial biological activities and could be considered an alternative source of medicine as well as the production of novel drugs in the future.

The synthesis of ZnO NPs (zinc oxide nanoparticles) from Hardwickia binata leaves extract using zinc acetate NP (nanoparticle) was verified by a colour change and it was assessed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 365 nm. FTIR (Fourier transform infra-red) analysis was done to demonstrate the existence of several functional groups. XRD (X-ray diffraction) findings support to find the structure of ZnO-NPs. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) data confirmed their synthesis ZnO NPs and its shape. Size range of particles was confirmed by using TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Staphylococcus aureus shows high inhibition compared to other bacterial strains. Antioxidant activity shows highest inhibition in DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) compared to ABTS (2.2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay . Anti-inflammatory assay shows highest level of inhibition in HRBC (human red blood cell) membrane stabilization and albumin denaturation. Anti-cancer activity of synthesised ZnO NPs was performed in A431 Human carcinoma cancer cell line and HepG2 liver cancer cell line to evaluate the cytotoxicity of biosynthesized ZnO-NPs. From these findings, it should be noted that synthesised NPs can be utilized for a variety of global biomedical applications in the future.

Pterolobium hexapetalum aqueous leaf extract ( P. hexapetalum -ALE), which serves as a reducing and stabilizing agent, was used to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in this study. UV-Vis, XRD, IR, FE-SEM with EDAX, and HR-TEM with SAED pattern were used to characterize the synthesized P. hexapetalum -AgNPs ( Ph -AgNPs). The synthesized Ph -AgNPs were examined by FE-SEM and HR-TEM, which revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape with sizes ranging from 10 to 50 nm. The synthesized Ph -AgNPs displayed strong antibacterial efficacy against B. cereus (15 mm), and the DPPH assay revealed prominent radical scavenging activity (IC 50 :114.90 μg/mL). In addition, the synthesized Ph -AgNPs express strong anticancer activity in opposition to human liver cancer cell-line (HepG2) with an IC 50 value of 34.92 μg/mL. Furthermore, the synthesized AgNPs exhibited an outstanding performance in larvicidal activity with LC 50 and LC 90 values of 3.120 and 11.531 mg/mL on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae at 24 h observation. These studies propose that the synthesized Ph- AgNPs have promising potential for biological and industrial applications.

This study is one such study where an eco-friendly approach has been followed in biosynthesizing TiO2NPs from Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom extract. Therefore, we object to biosynthesizing TiO2NPs and characterize them morphologically using UV, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDX, HR-TEM, AFM, and GCMS. The UV-visible spectroscopy absorption of synthesized TiO2NPs has peaked at 335 nm. The antibacterial activity was investigated by both isolated bacteria pathogens (gram-positive and gram-negative). The maximum growth inhibition zone was noted in S. mutans (14.3 +/- 0.4), E. coli (14.1 +/- 0.3), and S. epidermidis (13.3 +/- 0.2). The in vitro cytotoxicity assay of TiO2NPs showed an IC50 value of 47.42 mu g/mL against MG-63 cancer cells. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue by TiO2NPs was investigated under UV-visible light irradiation. Due to the NPs tiny size and high dispersion, a rapid degradation (between 30 and 180 min) of almost 84.24% was accomplished. Even after the photocatalyst was used three times, there was no discernible difference in the TiO2NPs photocatalytic activity. The synthesized TiO2NPs successfully destroyed the Methylene Blue (MB) dye in an aqueous solution, promising wastewater dye remediation. Therefore, our research shows for the first time that biosynthesis of TiO2NPs using P. ostreatus extract can be an excellent outcome for emerging multipurpose and organic products.

The indenture of the green approach in synthesizing metal oxide nanoparticles has resulted in greater stoutness and favorable dimensions of nanoparticles since they are synthesized using a single-step process. In this study, using Pterolobium hexapetalum aqueous leaf extract (P. hexapetalum) as a precursor, zinc acetate was reduced to obtain zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using a green synthesis approach. The synthesized ZnO-NPs were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, FT-IR, EDAX, and HR-TEM with an SAED pattern. According to the findings, the UV-visible spectra result showed an absorbance peak at 370 nm. The FT-IR study of the synthesized ZnO-NPs revealed the presence of various functional groups. The HR-TEM result displayed a spherical shape with a size of 10–93 nm for synthesized ZnO-NPs. The X-ray diffraction (P-XRD) spectra confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized ZnO-NPs. The outcome of the edax spectrum confirmed the high purity of the Zn element that was present in the synthesized ZnO-NPs. Hemolytic activity of the synthesized ZnO-NPs was carried out against human red blood cells (RBCs), and it appeared that ZnO-NPs had less toxicity with a lysis percentage of 0.6

Nanoparticle production can be done easily, safely and without using any harmful chemicals. Due to the multiple biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles, the current study uses plant extracts of Anastatica hierochuntica (A. hierochuntica) for the environmental friendly production of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs). UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were the methods utilized to investigate the formation of the iron oxide nanoparticles. In UV–visible analysis, absorption peaks of plant extracts of A. hierochuntica and biosynthesized IONPs were observed at 310 nm and 390 nm respectively. Functional groups such as alkenes, phosphate, carboxylic acid and hydroxyl groups were observed by the FT-IR study. The produced IONPs crystallinity was further confirmed by the XRD examination, and their average size was found to be 52 nm. SEM analysis revealed most of the formed nanoparticles were in spherical shape with 30–70-nm size. The presence of iron, oxygen, carbon and other elements was further confirmed in the EDAX spectrum. Five different bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were tested for the biosynthesized IONP antibacterial efficacy. With an inhibitory zone measuring 28.32 ± 1.5 in diameter, the generated IONPs exhibited considerable antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. The percentage antioxidant activity of biosynthesized IONPs rises with an increasing concentration, and the highest activity of 36.79

The present study was to examine the antibacterial and anticancer potential of titanium dioxide mediated (TiO2) nanoparticles using Hypsizygus ulmarius. The nanoparticles were characterized using UV, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, HR-TEM, PSA, and zeta potential. The UV–visible spectroscopy results exhibited a sharp absorbance peak range at 264 nm. The X-ray diffraction analysis reflected the presence of diffraction major peak range at (101), (103), (004), (200), (112), (200), (105), (211), (213), (314), (602), and (215) planes of face centered cubic TiO2NPs. The HR-TEM absorption was expressed the presence of spherical structure particles with a normal size of 80 nm. The EDX results of mycosynthesized TiO2NPs recorded the strong major intense signal which confirms the presence of pure Ti (85

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has gained greater interest among chemists and researchers in this current scenario. The present research investigates the larvicidal and anti-proliferation activity of AgNPs derived from Knoxia sumatrensis aqueous leaf extract (K. sumatrensis-ALE) as a potential capping and reducing candidate. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized through-UV-spectra absorption peak at 425 nm. The XRD and FT-IR studied displayed the crystalline nature and presence of functional groups in prepared samples. FE-SEM showed the hexagonal shape of NPs with the size of 7.73 to 32.84 nm. The synthesized AgNPs displayed superior antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity (IC50 53.29 µg/mL) of breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). Additionally, larvicidal activity against mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus larvae delivered (LC50-0.40, mg/L, and LC90-15.83) significant mortality rate post treatment with synthesized AgNPs. Overall, the present research illustrates that the synthesized AgNPs have high biological potential and present a perfect contender in the pharmacological and mosquitocidal arena.

Passiflora subpeltata contain rich source of secondary metabolites and its plant materials mostly used for cancer and mosquito related problem. Therefore, in this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Passiflora subpeltata of aqueous extract (Ps-AgNPs) as reducing and stabilizing agent. The UV–Visible spectra of Ps-AgNPs showed absorption peak at 456 nm and formation of AgNPs. XRD pattern showed the crystalline nature and SEM images displayed predominantly spherical shape of NPs. FT-IR analysis exhibition capping of AgNPs by bioactive compounds from Ps-AgNPs. Antibacterial activity in PS-AgNPs shown good activity with best of B. cereus (27 mm) at higher dose of 75 μg/mL. Antioxidant activity was tested against DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays and the best scavenging assay were observed in DPPH with IC50 value of 108.92 μg/mL. The anti-proliferative activity in human colon cancer cell-line (HT-29) indicates that the significant result with IC50 value of 33.05 μg/mL. Larvicidal activity of PS-AgNPs showed good activity against Cx. quinquefasicatus larvae (LC50-4.99 units and LC90-22.19units). The green synthesized NPs could be potential activity and it used in different biomedical application.

The present work aimed to find out a novel agent for green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) from the fresh fruity bodies of edible mushroom (Hypsizygus ulmarius), and it was characterized by UV–Vis, XRD, HR-TEM, SEM, FT-IR, EDX, PSA, and Zeta potential analysis. UV–Vis spectra result reflects a typical absorption peak at 260 nm due to their significant excitation binding energy at room temperature. The chemical bond formation from the zinc oxide was confirmed by FT-IR analysis. XRD results revealed the hexagonal structure, and SEM analyses reflected the spherical shape ZnONPs with an average size of 27.10 nm. The outcome of the EDX spectrum confirmed the high purity of synthesized ZnONPs, and the zeta potential value indicates the aggregation of particles with good quality. The Hu-ZnONPs expressed a better larval toxicity effect against Culex quinquefasciatus (IVth instar larvae) with the least LC50 and LC90 values (21.52, 121.70 mg/L) after 24 h treatment. For the antibacterial assay, the maximum growth inhibition zone was recorded in S. aureus (14.2 ± 0.2), E. coli (10.1 ± 0.3), and K. pneumoniae (9.0 ± 0.1 mm). The anticancer assay results expressed a significant level of toxic effects (LC50 values 29.07 μg/ml) of Hu-ZnONPs against the MCF-7 breast cancer cells, even at a very low dose. The study’s findings suggest that the H. ulmarius can biosynthesize ZnONPs and could be an alternative biomedical agent for future therapeutic applications.

Abstract Pterolobium hexapetalum aqueous leaf extract (P. hexapetalum-ALE) was utilized as a reducing agent to synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and it’s forms of white precipitate. The synthesized P. hexapetalum - ZnO-NPs (Ph-ZnO-NPs) were characterized by UV-Vis, XRD, IR, EDAX, and HR-TEM with SAED pattern. UV-visible spectra results showed an absorbance peak at 280 and 370nm for Ph-ALE and synthesized Ph-ZnO-NPs. The HR-TEM result shows a spherical in shape with a size of 10-93 nm by Ph-ZnO-NPs. X-ray powder diffraction (P-XRD) spectra confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized ZnO-NPs. Hemolytic activity of the synthesized ZnO-NPs was carried out against Human RBCs and it’s found to be 0.6% at 100 µg/mL. The synthesized Ph-ZnO-NPs appeared excellent antibacterial and antioxidant activity against P. aeruginosa (17.8mm) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50:118.14µg/mL). Ph-ZnO-NPs exposed superior anticancer activity against breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) with an IC50 value of 22.91 µg/mL. Additionally, the synthesized Ph-ZnO-NPs exhibited an excellent larvicidal activity with LC50 & LC90 values of 4.178 and 16.157 mg/mL on Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae at 24h inspection. Thus, plant-based synthesized Ph-ZnO-NPs exhibit significant biological activities, and hence it can be considered a potential source for the development of innovative drugs.

Knoxia sumatrensis leaf extracts in methanol were analyzed for the phytochemical compositions, antioxidant properties (DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical assay), anti-proliferative activity (lung cancer A549 and breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines), and mosquito larvicidal properties. The GC-MS analysis showed the presence of eight bioactive compounds of which the hexadecanoic Acid, 2-Propyl-, methyl Ester, and 2,3-anhydro-D-Mannosan were the two major compounds present. The bioactive compounds present included phenolics and flavonoids (55.0 +/- 1.3 mg GAE g(-1) d.w. and 42.5 +/- 0.5 mg RE g(-1) d.w.). FT-IR analysis detected the presence of aldehydes and anhydrites functional groups. Antioxidant properties were positively associated with the secondary metabolites. The anti-proliferative activity of methanolic leaf extracts showed the IC50 values 135.82 and 181.73 mu g mL(-1) for A549 and MCF-7, respectively. The methanolic extract also showed larvicidal activity on three mosquito species with highest toxicity on Culex quinquefasciatus larvae with LC50 4.84 mg mL(-1) and LC90 19.33 mg mL(-1).

In around the world, mosquito control is considered a most important because of the incapable of synthetic insecticides and the ecological pollution about by them. In this manner, need the eco-friendly insecticides to efficient control the mosquito disease is the need of the hour. We synthesized the eco-friendly of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using the Knoxia sumatrensis aqueous leaf extract (Ks-ALE) as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The synthesis of ZnO-NPs was confirmed by UV with an absorption peak at 354 nm. ZnO-NPs crystal structure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra revealed the chloride, cyclic alcohols, sulfonamies, carboxylic acids, oximes, phosphines, alkenes and alcohol & phenol. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed that the NP’s are rod shaped with 50–80 nm size and also energy dispersive spectra (EDaX) spectra showed presence of zinc. Antioxidant assay showed superior activity and evidenced by DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 radical assays. Furthermore, the ZnO-NPs exhibited strong activity in MCF-7 cell line with IC50 value is 58.87 μg/mL. Mosquito larvicidal activity of ZnO-NPs produced significant activity and excellent larvicidal activity was noticed in Cx. quinquefasciatus with LC50 0.08, mg/mL and LC9019.46 mg/mL. This study suggests that synthesized ZnO-NPs using Knoxia sumatrensis leaf extract have good biological activities and it makes them an ideal candidate for pharmacological studies.

Objective: Current scientific investigations have evidenced that there is increased attention in developing novel drugs from bio source for the human health concern. This study's main objective was to intervene phytochemical constituents present in the ethanol leaf extract of an aromatic plant, Ixora brachiata (Roxb) and to evaluate their ability on antioxidant, anticancer and larvicidal properties, using invitro models. Methods: Antioxidant assay was performed by scavenging behaviour of DPPH, ABTS, H-2 O-2 and Reducing power screenings. The phytochemical composition was also screened using GC-MS technique. Cytotoxicity effect was determined by employing MTT Assay, the larvicidal potential was predicted by following the protocol described by WHO. In phytochemical screening higher concentration of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic and diterpenoids were detected in significant content. Geranyl linalool was the profound compound present, and it has been reported, used in various treatments for cancer ailments, similar to Taxol. Results: The cytotoxicity values of ethanol extract were found to be 11.57 to 55.95% against the cancer cells (A549) and 12.36-63.8% range was observed against HeLa cancers cell line. Larvicidal effects of the extract showed minimum LC50 value 14.69mg/ml against Aedes aegypti and 10.43mg/ml was recorded, against Culex quinquefasciatus, indicating, a promising capability of larvicidal action against mosquito larvae. Conclusions: This study envisaged that ethanol extracts of I.brachiata are a bright and capable therapeutic agent, to combat in the battle of life threatened diseases, and infectious emerging threats.