This article is an interview between the guest editors of this monograph issue and Xingjuan Wang, a Chinese feminist activist and a co-founder of the Maple Women's Psychological Counseling Hotline, one of the earliest grassroots initiatives supporting women facing domestic violence in China. Xingjuan Wang was present at the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing in 1995. In this exchange, she reflects on her work as well as the impact of the conference and its outcome documents, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. Cet article est un entretien entre les r & eacute;dactrices invit & eacute;es de ce num & eacute;ro monographique et Xingjuan Wang, activiste f & eacute;ministe chinoise et cofondatrice de la & laquo; Maple Women's Psychological Counseling Hotline & raquo;, l'une des premi & egrave;res initiatives citoyennes d'aide aux femmes victimes de violences domestiques en Chine. Xingjuan Wang & eacute;tait pr & eacute;sente & agrave; la quatri & egrave;me Conf & eacute;rence mondiale sur les femmes organis & eacute;e & agrave; Beijing en 1995. Dans cet entretien, elle revient sur son travail ainsi que sur l'impact de la conf & eacute;rence et des documents produits & agrave; l'issue de celle-ci : la D & eacute;claration et le Programme d'action de Beijing. Este art & iacute;culo es una entrevista entre las editoras invitadas de este monogr & aacute;fico y Xingjuan Wang, una activista feminista china y cofundadora de la L & iacute;nea Directa Arce de Asistencia Psicol & oacute;gica para Mujeres, que es una de las primeras iniciativas de base que apoyan a las mujeres v & iacute;ctimas de violencia dom & eacute;stica en China. Xingjuan Wang estuvo presente en la Cuarta Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer celebrada en Beijing en 1995. En esta entrevista, reflexiona sobre su trabajo, as & iacute; como sobre el impacto de la conferencia y sus documentos finales: la Declaraci & oacute;n y Plataforma de Acci & oacute;n de Beijing.

This editorial introduction presents a special monograph issue of Current Sociology titled “Feminist Approaches to Justice at Beijing +30,” guest-edited by Rosemary Barberet, Dawn Beichner-Thomas, and Sheetal Ranjan. The issue marks the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BPfA), a landmark 1995 framework for gender equality that has shaped global advocacy, policy, and research yet remains under-analyzed in contemporary sociological scholarship. The editors situate the issue within the 69th session of the United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (CSW69), held in March 2025, which drew over 13,000 participants and formally adopted a Political Declaration reaffirming member states’ commitments to the BPfA. Drawing on four collaborative “Feminist Approaches to Justice” panels convened at the NGO CSW69 Forum by four ECOSOC-accredited organizations—the International Sociological Association, the American Society of Criminology’s Division of Feminist Criminology, Criminologists Without Borders, and the World Society of Victimology—the editors introduce eight peer-reviewed articles that critically assess the BPfA’s impact on justice for women and girls. The articles address themes including conflict and military-related sexual violence, femicide, a feminist criminology examination of the BPfA, the criminalization of women in gang-affected contexts, synergies between international human rights and humanitarian law, and India’s uneven implementation of Beijing commitments. Together, they illuminate both the enduring relevance and the persistent limitations of the BPfA.

The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) are seminal cornerstones of global gender equality policy that have shaped the work of the Commission on the Status of Women for the past 30 years. They have also served as a basis, benchmark, or ideal for academic researchers to align with global gender equality objectives. However, they have not been the focus of systematic research in feminist criminology. We conducted a systematic content analysis of the text of these outcome documents of the Fourth World Conference on Women to measure their treatments of three core areas of feminist criminology. While both documents powerfully advanced the rights of women and girls, our analysis demonstrates that their treatment of women and criminal justice is notably one-dimensional, framing women primarily as victims while largely overlooking the complex and multifaceted roles they occupy as offenders, detainees, and professionals within the criminal justice system. Our analysis reveals how the Beijing Declaration and the Beijing Platform for Action reinforce a victim-centric paradigm that downplays the structural and systemic injustices faced by women and girls who violate the law, and fail to recognize the accomplishments and challenges faced by women working in law enforcement, judicial, custodial, and peacebuilding professions. In doing so, they reveal a particular gender regime that makes some gains for women's victimhood, but reinforces traditional gender roles overall. We argue for a more holistic and inclusive approach to gender and justice in global policy frameworks. By broadening the lens beyond victimhood, international gender policy can more effectively contribute to equitable and just criminal justice systems worldwide and truly fulfill the aims of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. La D & eacute;claration et le Programme d'action de Beijing (1995) constituent des pierres angulaires fondamentales de la politique mondiale en mati & egrave;re d'& eacute;galit & eacute; des sexes, qui ont guid & eacute; depuis 30 ans les travaux de la Commission de la condition de la femme. Ces textes ont & eacute;galement servi de base, de r & eacute;f & eacute;rence ou d'id & eacute;al aux chercheurs universitaires pour s'aligner sur les objectifs mondiaux en mati & egrave;re d'& eacute;galit & eacute; des sexes. Ils n'ont cependant pas fait l'objet de recherches syst & eacute;matiques en criminologie f & eacute;ministe. Nous avons men & eacute; une analyse de contenu syst & eacute;matique du texte de ces documents finaux de la quatri & egrave;me Conf & eacute;rence mondiale sur les femmes afin d'& eacute;valuer le traitement qu'ils font de trois domaines cl & eacute;s de la criminologie f & eacute;ministe. Bien que les deux documents aient fortement fait progresser les droits des femmes et des filles, notre analyse montre que leur approche des femmes et de la justice p & eacute;nale est nettement unidimensionnelle, dans la mesure o & ugrave; les femmes y sont surtout pr & eacute;sent & eacute;es comme des victimes et o & ugrave; sont largement pass & eacute;s sous silence les r & ocirc;les complexes et multiformes qu'elles peuvent avoir comme d & eacute;linquantes, d & eacute;tenues ou professionnelles au sein du syst & egrave;me de justice p & eacute;nale. Notre analyse montre comment la D & eacute;claration de Beijing et le Programme d'action de Beijing renforcent un paradigme centr & eacute; sur les victimes qui minimise les injustices structurelles et syst & eacute;miques auxquelles sont confront & eacute;es les femmes et les filles qui enfreignent la loi, tout en ne rendant pas compte des r & eacute;alisations et des difficult & eacute;s que connaissent les femmes qui travaillent dans les forces de l'ordre ou dans le syst & egrave;me judiciaire, carc & eacute;ral ou de consolidation de la paix. D & egrave;s lors, la D & eacute;claration de Beijing et le Programme d'action de Beijing font appara & icirc;tre un r & eacute;gime de genre particulier qui, s'il apporte certaines avanc & eacute;es pour la cause des femmes en tant que victimes, renforce de mani & egrave;re g & eacute;n & eacute;rale les r & ocirc;les de genre traditionnels. Nous plaidons en faveur d'une approche plus holistique et inclusive des questions li & eacute;es au genre et & agrave; la justice dans les cadres d'action mondiaux. En adoptant une perspective plus large qui aille au-del & agrave; de la seule condition de victime, la politique internationale en mati & egrave;re de genre peut contribuer plus efficacement & agrave; la mise en place de syst & egrave;mes de justice p & eacute;nale & eacute;quitables et justes & agrave; l'& eacute;chelle mondiale, et r & eacute;aliser v & eacute;ritablement les objectifs de la D & eacute;claration et du Programme d'action de Beijing. La Declaraci & oacute;n y Plataforma de Acci & oacute;n de Beijing (1995) constituyen pilares fundamentales de la pol & iacute;tica mundial de igualdad de g & eacute;nero que han guiado la labor de la Comisi & oacute;n sobre la Condici & oacute;n Jur & iacute;dica y Social de la Mujer durante los & uacute;ltimos 30 a & ntilde;os. Asimismo, han servido de base, referencia e ideal para que los investigadores acad & eacute;micos se alineen con los objetivos globales de igualdad de g & eacute;nero. Sin embargo, no han sido objeto de una investigaci & oacute;n sistem & aacute;tica en criminolog & iacute;a feminista. En este art & iacute;culo se realiza un an & aacute;lisis de contenido sistem & aacute;tico del texto de estos documentos finales de la Cuarta Conferencia Mundial sobre la Mujer para evaluar el tratamiento que hacen de tres & aacute;reas centrales de la criminolog & iacute;a feminista. Aunque ambos documentos han impulsado de manera decisiva los derechos de las mujeres y las ni & ntilde;as, el an & aacute;lisis demuestra que su tratamiento de las mujeres y la justicia penal es notablemente unidimensional, presentando a las mujeres principalmente como v & iacute;ctimas y pasando por alto, en gran medida, los roles complejos y multifac & eacute;ticos que pueden desempe & ntilde;ar como infractoras, detenidas o profesionales dentro del sistema de justicia penal. El an & aacute;lisis revela c & oacute;mo la Declaraci & oacute;n de Beijing y la Plataforma de Acci & oacute;n de Beijing refuerzan un paradigma centrado en la v & iacute;ctima que minimiza las injusticias estructurales y sist & eacute;micas a las que se enfrentan las mujeres y ni & ntilde;as que infringen la ley, y no reconocen los logros ni los desaf & iacute;os a los que tienen que hacer frente las mujeres que trabajan en las fuerzas del orden, y en profesiones jur & iacute;dicas, de custodia o de mantenimiento de la paz. De esta forma, revelan un r & eacute;gimen de g & eacute;nero particular que, aunque logra algunos avances para la causa de las mujeres que son v & iacute;ctimas, refuerza los roles de g & eacute;nero tradicionales en general. El art & iacute;culo aboga por un enfoque m & aacute;s hol & iacute;stico e inclusivo hacia el g & eacute;nero y la justicia en los marcos de pol & iacute;ticas globales. Al ampliar la perspectiva m & aacute;s all & aacute; de la victimizaci & oacute;n, la pol & iacute;tica internacional de g & eacute;nero puede contribuir de manera m & aacute;s efectiva a sistemas de justicia penal equitativos y justos en todo el mundo y cumplir verdaderamente los objetivos de la Declaraci & oacute;n y Plataforma de Acci & oacute;n de Beijing.

In a landmark study in 1998, Miles-Doan highlighted the significant influence of social factors on community-level domestic violence (DV) rates. While subsequent research has examined neighborhood effects, many studies have been constrained by limited data. This study analyzes data from all 564 municipalities in New Jersey to explore the relationship between socioeconomic factors and police-reported DV incidents from 2011 to 2020. Results indicate that poverty, lack of affordable housing, and education levels contribute to DV rates. However, multivariable analyses identify population density and income as the most significant factors, suggesting that addressing housing issues may effectively reduce local DV rates.

Violence has fluctuated in the United States in recent years. Additionally, policing practices have been challenged, especially in neighborhoods of color. Community Violence Intervention (CVI) programs have emerged as an effective policy to address violence through neighborhood-centered resources, trauma-informed care, and credible messengers, without full reliance on law enforcement officials. However, inconsistent funding challenges the feasibility and sustainability of these programs. In 2021 several states introduced policies to allocate Medicaid reimbursement for CVI services offering a promising solution to a more sustainable stream of funding. This study uses rigorous qualitative analysis to evaluate the implementation of Medicaid reimbursement policies in California, Illinois, and Connecticut, applying the Exploration-Preparation-Implementation-Sustainment (EPIS) model. An analysis of secondary documentation and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from the first three states to implement the policy. Stakeholders were recruited from a variety of policy, medical, and non-profit sectors to provide their perspectives and expertise on implementation. Interviews with stakeholders from policy, medical, and non-profit sectors and a deep analysis of secondary documentation identifies key successes and barriers to effective implementation of Medicaid reimbursement policies across the United States. Acknowledging the barriers of implementation highlights where policy planning and development fails to be properly implemented on the ground. Findings emphasize the need for state-specific policy adaptation, collaboration amongst policymakers and practitioners, and sufficient training for on-the-ground CVI staff members. Implementation of a Medicaid reimbursement policy for CVI programs could improve the efficacy and sustainability of such programs. However, states need to be aware of the challenges that may arise during the planning and implementation phases. The findings from this study reveal that policy makers, service providers and medical professionals need to be involved and collaborative throughout the planning and implementation process of the policy. States that are planning to implement these policies should assess whether they are ready to implement the policy to ensure that it is successful in the long term.

Background: Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) aim to disrupt cycles of violence by providing trauma-informed, client-centered care to survivors of violent injury. Project HEAL, a HVIP established in 2021 at Jersey Shore University Medical Center, offers case management, mental health support, and connections to legal, housing, and employment resources for individuals impacted by violence in Monmouth and Ocean Counties, New Jersey. Methods: This qualitative study explored the lived experiences of Project HEAL clients (N = 9). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis by a team of three coders. The coding process was iterative, with oversight from senior researchers to ensure analytic rigor. Results: Participants described Project HEAL as effective in reducing barriers to care and providing personalized, compassionate case management. The program was valued for its role in supporting mental health and fostering empowerment. However, clients also identified persistent unmet needs, particularly in areas such as youth opportunities, housing, employment, and social services—needs that extend beyond the program’s reach. The findings highlight Project HEAL’s essential but partial role within a fragmented ecosystem shaped by structural inequities. Conclusion: Project HEAL demonstrates the strengths and limitations of HVIPs in addressing the complex needs of survivors of community violence. While the program effectively reduces immediate barriers and fosters supportive relationships, broader systemic challenges persist. These results underscore the need for a sustained coordinated community response and policy advocacy to address structural barriers that HVIPs alone cannot overcome.

Community violence intervention and prevention (CVI) programs aim to reduce gun violence and its associated harms through community-driven strategies. Programs’ long-term sustainability is challenged by inconsistent and insufficient funding, however, which can be detrimental to the individuals who depend on these services as they navigate recovery from a violent injury. As states explore new funding mechanisms, Medicaid reimbursement has emerged as a viable option, however little implementation guidance exists specific to this policy option in the CVI context. This study combines the implementation science and public health infrastructure literatures with data from a recent multistate case study (n = 17 key stakeholder interviews) to produce a readiness assessment for funding CVI through Medicaid. The readiness assessment is organized by the stages of the EPIS (Exploration-Preparation-Implementation-Sustainment) framework and provides tangible guidance to states looking to improve their CVI infrastructure. The assessment includes recommendations that reflect key challenges and facilitators of implementation, as dictated by those who have recently navigated this process. Given the urgency of reducing gun violence and its harms, this study underscores the importance of structured policy planning to enhance CVI program viability and sustainability. This study contributes to the growing implementation science and public health infrastructure literatures by offering a theoretically grounded and evidence-informed tool to support policymakers in establishing sustainable funding mechanisms for CVI.

Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) are a form of community violence intervention designed to address trauma resulting from violent injuries. This public health approach has been implemented across the United States since the 1990s, with numerous qualitative and quantitative studies evaluating its effectiveness. Manual systematic reviews by domain experts have helped identify major themes and research gaps. While these reviews are valuable for synthesizing the existing literature, thisprocess can be time-consuming and labor-intensive, given the vast amount of research in public health and criminal justice. To meet the urgent need for accessible insights into the violence-related literature, more efficient methods are essential. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising tools to streamline this process. This study applies AI, specifically natural language processing techniques, to analyze recurring themes in the HVIP-related literature at the intersection of criminal justice and public health. The findings indicate that text-mining methods can enhance and accelerate the systematic review process, while also revealing new insights. The results underscore the potential of AI-driven tools to support evidence-based practices and highlight the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration to improve the effectiveness and implementation of HVIPs.

Objective: While many studies explore the relationships of intimate partner violence (IPV) crime through criminological and sociological perspectives, little research has examined this issue through an environmental lens. Some studies have investigated potential relationships between IPV crime and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at national and metropolitan levels, but few have been conducted statewide. Our study examines the relationship between PM2.5 and IPV of all municipalities (or county subdivisions) in New Jersey (n = 564). Method: We obtained PM2.5 data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Domestic Violence Report, collected by the New Jersey State Police, and various socioeconomic indicators from the U.S. Census and American Community Surveys. We estimated PM2.5 levels using geographical inverse distance weight method and zonal statistics, followed by regression analysis. We also applied association rule mining using an Apriori algorithm to complement regression models. Results: The regression results found no relationship between PM2.5 and IPV. Association rule mining results show no association between different concentrations of PM2.5 and various levels of IPV rates. Conclusions: We did not detect any association between PM2.5 and IPV at the county subdivision level in New Jersey. However, this does not imply that similar results will apply to other states. PM2.5 concentrations and IPV rates varied nationwide, and such geographical variations may yield different results in different states.

To explore progress on the Commission on the Status of Women’s 67th Session (2023) review theme, we examine two women-led rural social movements in India combating violence against women. Through in-depth case studies of the Gulabi Gang (GG) in Uttar Pradesh and the Anti-Liquor (AL) movement in Karnataka, we analyze their emergence, actions, tactics, progression, and outcomes. Findings reveal challenges faced by these movements in addressing women’s safety amid persistent domestic violence and gender inequality. The study emphasizes the need for sustained political support, efficient legal protection, and indigenous organizational empowerment, facilitated by international support, to drive effective social change.

Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) are multidisciplinary programs that use a health/public health approach to violence intervention by intervening with victims of violence at the time of injury and leveraging hospital- and community-based resources to address the underlying risk factors for violence. Much of the evidence for the impacts of HVIPs comes from qualitative research, yet there are few reviews of the efficacy of these approaches, and none that focus specifically on the HVIP context. This paper fills this gap by reviewing the common qualitative elements of published HVIP evaluations, and discusses their strengths, challenges, and relative applicability for researchers and practitioners alike. It then sets forth a research agenda, making a case for further (and more varied) qualitative HVIP evaluation research.

Our introduction to this special issue explains the background of the UN Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) and the civil society panels in which these articles were originally presented during CSW66. The articles included are all examples of international feminist criminology, They analyze national and global issues related to women in prison, women in the judiciary and policing, women activists and women victims/survivors of sexual and gender-based violence. Our effort in editing this special issue is to connect academic research to the work of United Nations policymakers.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present strategies for cultivating internal support, community partnerships and practitioner engagement for Hospital-based Violence Intervention Programs (HVIPs). In response to growing concerns about community violence and calls to engage the community in its solutions, HVIPs have increased in popularity as innovative and transdisciplinary approaches to violence intervention. HVIPs are one strategy under the broad purview of public health approaches to crime and violence – focusing on reaching recent victims of violence in emergency departments and leveraging this “teachable moment” to offer wrap-around services geared toward preventing future violence or revictimization. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses an autoethnographic and case study approach of Project HEAL (Help, Empower and Lead), a newly established HVIP at Jersey Shore University Medical Center. Findings While there is no “standard” approach, the importance of strong community partnerships and practitioner engagement prior to and during the HVIP implementation process is second to none. Research limitations/implications This case study of Project HEAL’s initial implementation will provide information that can assist other HVIPs in creating and sustaining necessary internal support, community partnerships and practitioner engagement, and potentially help navigate forthcoming statewide and federal efforts. Originality/value Development of meaningful community partnerships and achievement of a high level of engagement from practitioners are key to the successful implementation of HVIPs, the processes of which are not always documented in literature.

Context Social determinants of health (SDH) are the ‘conditions in which people are born, grown, live, work, and age’ which impact a variety of health outcomes. The World Health Organization identifies SDH inequalities as a root cause of violent injuries. Emerging prevention and intervention programs have begun to leverage health networks (i.e., hospitals) to address SDH inequalities and prevent violent injury. Process Hospital-based violence intervention programs (HVIPs) have formed to break cycles of community violence. These programs establish a continuum of care for violently injured people starting in the hospital and continuing after discharge. One HVIP is Project HEAL in New Jersey, United States. Analysis The data used to inform this presentation are derived from a formative evaluation of JSUMC’s Project HEAL. We will discuss: - The program‘s conceptualization, development, and implementation processes. - It’s operations, and how they fit within the strategic vision of a large healthcare network. - Strategies for implementation and sustainability in the increasingly profit-driven model of healthcare systems. Outcomes This presentation can assist healthcare networks interested in developing and sustaining innovative community-oriented programs using health-focused approaches to violence prevention and intervention. It will provide strategies on using the SDH framework to garner buy-in for such programs from administrators and health network leaders. Learning Outcomes Attendees will learn how SDH inequalities increase the risk of violent injury and be introduced to innovative programs employing evidence-based solutions for violent injury prevention and intervention. Attendees will also learn strategies to make such programs sustainable and successful.