Journal Article Left Valsalva sinus isolation with Vieussens' arterial ring Get access Simin Lin, Simin Lin Radiology Department, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-3974 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hongwei Zhang, Hongwei Zhang Radiology Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, (Dezhou People's Hospital), No.1166, Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou, Shandong Province 253000, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-176X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Zihao Li Zihao Li Radiology Department, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital, (Dezhou People's Hospital), No.1166, Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou, Shandong Province 253000, China Corresponding author. Tel: +8615288897550, Email: 88992008@qq.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-7787 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, Volume 45, Issue 15, 14 April 2024, Page 1377, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae074 Published: 15 February 2024

HomeRadiologyVol. 310, No. 1 PreviousNext Reviews and CommentaryFree AccessImages in RadiologyRight Inferior Pulmonary Vein AtresiaSimin Lin, Zihao Li Simin Lin, Zihao Li Author AffiliationsFrom the Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China (S.L.); and Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), No. 1166 Dongfanghong W Rd, Decheng District, Dezhou 253000, Shandong, China (Z.L.).Address correspondence to Z.L. (email: [email protected]).Simin LinZihao Li Published Online:Jan 9 2024https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.231969MoreSectionsPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookXLinked In Supplemental material is available for this article.A 57-year-old woman underwent a routine noncontrast chest CT scan, which showed a possible pulmonary arteriovenous malformation or pulmonary varices. Follow-up chest CT angiography helped definitively confirm the diagnosis of right inferior pulmonary vein atresia with collateral veins connecting to the right superior pulmonary vein (Figure; Movies 1, 2). After clinical assessment, no surgical intervention was deemed necessary to correct this pulmonary venous anomaly. The patient has been asymptomatic at follow-up.Images in a 57-year-old woman diagnosed with right inferior pulmonary vein atresia at CT angiography. (A) Angled maximum intensity projection image and (B) left posterior oblique volume-rendered image show the right inferior pulmonary vein atresia (arrow) and the three collateral veins (*) draining into the right superior pulmonary vein. (C) Volume-rendered left lateral view highlights the collateral pulmonary veins (*) connecting to the right superior pulmonary vein (arrow). (D) Color-coded volume-rendered image from CT angiography shows the right inferior pulmonary vein atresia (arrow), the ascending thoracic aorta (turquoise), descending thoracic aorta (pink), left atrium (magenta), right inferior collateral pulmonary veins (red; each one marked with *), trachea (yellow), and lungs (blue). A = anterior, I = inferior, L = left, P = posterior, R = right, S = superior.Download as PowerPoint Movie 1: Axial CT angiographic image shows right inferior pulmonary vein atresia.Download Original Video (18.5 MB) Movie 2: Three-dimensional CT fusion image shows right inferior pulmonary vein atresia.Download Original Video (23.7 MB)This rare condition results from the failure of one or more of the pulmonary veins to connect with the left atrium during fetal development. This leads to collateral veins that connect to the intact pulmonary veins draining into the left atrium (1,2). This congenital variant is easily distinguished from partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, where the pulmonary vein instead connects with a systemic vein, resulting in a left-to-right shunt.Disclosures of conflicts of interest: S.L. No relevant relationships. Z.L. No relevant relationships.References1. Lee HN, Kim YT, Cho SS. Individual pulmonary vein atresia in adults: report of two cases. Korean J Radiol 2011;12(3):395–399. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar2. Dillman JR, Yarram SG, Hernandez RJ. Imaging of pulmonary venous developmental anomalies. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009;192(5):1272–1285. Crossref, Medline, Google ScholarArticle HistoryReceived: Aug 1 2023Revision requested: Aug 25 2023Revision received: Sept 6 2023Accepted: Sept 18 2023Published online: Jan 09 2024 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles Anomalous Single Pulmonary Venous TrunkRadiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging2024Volume: 6Issue: 1Unilateral Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return into Coronary SinusRadiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging2024Volume: 6Issue: 1Comprehensive Cross-sectional Imaging of the Pulmonary VeinsRadioGraphics2017Volume: 37Issue: 7pp. 1928-1954Tetralogy of Fallot with Scimitar SyndromeRadiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging2020Volume: 2Issue: 5Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous ReturnRadiology2023Volume: 307Issue: 3See More RSNA Education Exhibits Venous Anatomic Variants In The ThoraxDigital Posters2022News Pathways in Thoracic Imaging: A Roadmap to Congenital Vascular AnomaliesDigital Posters2022Extracardiac Congenital Thoracic Vascular Anomalies - A General Radiologist's GuideDigital Posters2022 RSNA Case Collection Partial anomalous pulmonary venous returnRSNA Case Collection2021Right upper PAPVR and persistent left SVCRSNA Case Collection2020Intrapulmonary Venous CollateralRSNA Case Collection2022 Vol. 310, No. 1 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

Journal Article Interventional occlusion treatment of pulmonary artery-aortic aneurysm residual cavity fistula after aortic repair Get access Zihao Li, Zihao Li Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province 253000, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-7787 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hongwei Zhang, Hongwei Zhang Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province 253000, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-176X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Simin Lin Simin Lin Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2999, Jinshan Road, Huli District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province 361006, China Corresponding author. Tel: +86 15606095863, Email: xmsimone@foxmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-3974 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, ehae370, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae370 Published: 12 June 2024

AIMS:This study aimed to investigate the resting-state functional connectivity and topologic characteristics of brain networks in patients with diabetic optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS:Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were performed on 23 patients and 41 healthy control (HC) subjects. We used independent component analysis and graph theoretical analysis to determine the topologic characteristics of the brain and as well as functional network connectivity (FNC) and topologic properties of brain networks. RESULTS:Compared with HCs, patients with DON showed altered global characteristics. At the nodal level, the DON group had fewer nodal degrees in the thalamus and insula, and a greater number in the right rolandic operculum, right postcentral gyrus, and right superior temporal gyrus. In the internetwork comparison, DON patients showed significantly increased FNC between the left frontoparietal network (FPN-L) and ventral attention network (VAN). Additionally, in the intranetwork comparison, connectivity between the left medial superior frontal gyrus (MSFG) of the default network (DMN) and left putamen of auditory network was decreased in the DON group. CONCLUSION:DON patients altered node properties and connectivity in the DMN, auditory network, FPN-L, and VAN. These results provide evidence of the involvement of specific brain networks in the pathophysiology of DON.

Journal Article Corrected proof Rare causes of gross haematuria: abdominal aortic aneurysm-inferior vena cava fistula Get access Youyi Zhu, Youyi Zhu Department of Radiology, Qinghai Province Cardio Cerebrovascular Disease Specialist Hospital, XiNing, China https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4052-7816 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hongwei Zhang, Hongwei Zhang Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), No.1166, Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou, Shandong Province 253000, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-176X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Zhao Li, Zhao Li Department of Radiology, Liaocheng Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University (Liaocheng People's Hospital), Liaocheng, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1318-3833 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Simin Lin, Simin Lin Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-3974 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Zihao Li Zihao Li Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), No.1166, Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou, Shandong Province 253000, China Corresponding author. E-mail: 88992008@qq.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-7787 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging, jeae122, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jeae122 Published: 15 May 2024 Article history Corrected and typeset: 15 May 2024 Published: 15 May 2024

Journal Article Functionally bicuspid aortic valve leads to myocardial ischaemia Get access Zihao Li, Zihao Li Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province 253000, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3715-7787 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hongwei Zhang, Hongwei Zhang Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Dezhou Hospital (Dezhou People's Hospital), Dongfanghong West Road, Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province 253000, China https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0646-176X Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Simin Lin Simin Lin Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2999, Jinshan Road, Huli District, Xiamen City, Fujian Province 361006, China Corresponding author. Tel: +86 15606095863, Email: xmsimone@foxmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9692-3974 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar European Heart Journal, ehad891, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad891 Published: 18 January 2024

HomeRadiologyVol. 307, No. 5 PreviousNext Reviews and CommentaryFree AccessImages in RadiologyMultimodality Imaging of Cardiac AngiolipomaSimin Lin, Haojun Chen Simin Lin, Haojun Chen Author AffiliationsFrom the Department of Radiology, Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2999 Jinshan Rd, Xiamen 361006, China (S.L.); and Department of Nuclear Medicine & Minnan PET Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China (H.C.).Address correspondence to H.C. (email: [email protected]).Simin LinHaojun Chen Published Online:Jun 13 2023https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.230116MoreSectionsPDF ToolsImage ViewerAdd to favoritesCiteTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked In A 39-year-old man presented with a history of abdominal pain for 2 months. A routine chest radiograph showed an increased cardiothoracic ratio, and US was subsequently performed. At transthoracic echocardiography, an isoechoic cardiac mass was incidentally found in the anterior wall of the right atrium. The patient had no symptoms of chest tightness, chest pain, or dyspnea. His tumor markers showed a mild elevation of cancer antigen 125 (36.50 U/mL) and cancer antigen 724 (14.98 U/mL). The patient was scheduled for cardiac MRI to further characterize the lesion. A static four-chamber view obtained with a steady-state free precession sequence showed a 7.3 × 4.0-cm mass with heterogeneous signal intensity in the right atrium and atrioventricular groove (Figure, A). First-pass perfusion imaging indicated no apparent perfusion in the mass, which encased the right coronary artery (Figure, B). Inhomogeneous enhancement was detected with late gadolinium enhancement sequences (Figure, C), raising suspicion for malignancy. Hence, correlative fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT was performed for tumor staging. Axial PET/CT images (Figure, D) revealed areas of fat attenuation and low 18F-FDG uptake, yielding a tumor-to-background ratio of 1:1. No abnormal radioactivity was observed in the extracardiac areas. The patient subsequently underwent radical tumor resection and surgical reconstruction of the right atrium. Histopathologic workup showed adipose tissue and interspersed proliferating blood vessels, consistent with the diagnosis of cardiac angiolipoma.(A) Cardiac MRI scan obtained with steady-state free precession (SSFP) shows a soft-tissue mass with heterogeneous signal intensity in the right atrium and atrioventricular groove (arrow). (B) First-pass perfusion MRI scan shows the mass encasing the right coronary artery (coronary vessel floating sign) without evident perfusion (arrowheads). (C) Short-axial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) MRI scan shows inhomogeneous enhancement of the mass (arrow). (D) Axial fluorine 18 (18F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT image reveals areas of fat attenuation and mild 18F-FDG uptake (arrow) within the lesion (maximum standardized uptake value, 2.9), with a tumor-to-background ratio of 1:1.Download as PowerPointOpen in Image Viewer Disclosures of conflicts of interest: S.L. No relevant relationships. H.C. No relevant relationships.Article HistoryReceived: Jan 17 2023Revision requested: Feb 15 2023Revision received: Feb 17 2023Accepted: Mar 10 2023Published online: June 13 2023 FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsRecommended Articles Dissection of a Giant Coronary AneurysmRadiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging2023Volume: 5Issue: 1Multimodality Imaging of Transposition of the Great ArteriesRadioGraphics2021Volume: 41Issue: 2pp. 338-360Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart: Anatomic Overview and Evaluation of Pathologic Conditions with CT and MR ImagingRadioGraphics2017Volume: 37Issue: 5pp. 1330-1351Cinematic Rendering of Complex Coronary Artery Left Atrial FistulaRadiology2022Volume: 307Issue: 1Active Cardiac Sarcoidosis Imitating Cardiac MetastasesRadiology: Cardiothoracic Imaging2020Volume: 2Issue: 6See More RSNA Education Exhibits Pearls and Pitfalls in Cardiac ImagingDigital Posters2022Multimodal Imaging Characterization of Cardiac Tumors Emphasizing PET with Pathology Correlation Using the New 2021 WHO ClassificationDigital Posters2022Mulmodality Imaging of Atrioventricular Groove Masses - Diagnostic ApproachDigital Posters2022 RSNA Case Collection Cardiac metastasis from melanomaRSNA Case Collection2022Cardiac myxomaRSNA Case Collection2020Primary Cardiac ParagangliomaRSNA Case Collection2022 Vol. 307, No. 5 Metrics Altmetric Score PDF download

Coronary heart disease (CHD) confers a high risk of cognitive and mental impairments in patients. This study aimed to explore the association of CHD with functional connectivity and topological properties of brain networks. A total of 27 patients with CHD and 44 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study and underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scan. Intra- and internetwork functional connectivity alterations were explored using independent component analysis in CHD patients. Furthermore, graph theoretical analysis was adopted to assess abnormalities in small-world properties and network efficiency metrics of brain networks. Compared to HCs, CHD patients exhibited increased functional connectivity between the posterior default mode network and posterior visual network, as well as decreased functional connectivity between the left frontoparietal network and auditory network. In terms of graph theoretical analysis, small-world network topology was identified in both CHD patients and HCs. Furthermore, the nodal local efficiency of the left putamen was significantly decreased in CHD patients compared to HCs. This study revealed alterations in brain functional connectivity and topological properties in CHD patients, shedding light on the potential neurological mechanism underlying cognitive and mental impairments in these patients and suggesting unexplored connections between CHD and higher order cognitive processing.

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) poses a risk for developing emotional and cognitive disorders. However, the neural evidence for this association is largely unclear. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) analysis can demonstrate abnormal brain activity and functional connectivity and contribute to explaining the potential pathophysiology of CRS-related mood and cognitive alterations. Methods Chronic rhinosinusitis patients (CRS, n = 26) and gender- and age-matched healthy control subjects (HCs, n = 38) underwent resting-state functional MRI scanning. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) was calculated to observe the intrinsic brain activity. The brain region with altered ALFF was further selected as the seed for functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Correlation analysis was performed between the ALFF/FC and clinical parameters in CRS patients. Results Compared with HCs, CRS patients exhibited significantly increased ALFF in the left orbital superior frontal cortex and reduced connectivity in the right precuneus using the orbital superior frontal cortex as the seed region. The magnitude of the orbital superior frontal cortex increased with inflammation severity. In addition, ALFF values in the orbital superior frontal cortex were positively correlated with the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) scores. The ROC curves of altered brain regions indicated great accuracy in distinguishing between CRS patients and HCs. Conclusion In this study, patients with CRS showed increased neural activity in the orbital superior frontal cortex, a critical region in emotional regulation, and this region also indicated hypoconnectivity to the precuneus with a central role in modulating cognition. This study provided preliminary insights into the potential neural mechanism related to mood and cognitive dysfunctions in CRS patients.

Objective. This study is aimed at exploring the spontaneous brain activity changes by measuring the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and their relationship with clinical characteristics in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods. Coronary heart disease patients (n=25) and age, gender, and education level-matched control subjects (controls, n=35) were included. The grey matter volume (GMV) and fALFF values were calculated to assess the difference in brain structure and function between the two groups, respectively. Correlation analyses between the fALFF values and clinical characteristics were further assessed in CHD patients. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were conducted to access the diagnostic ability of the fALFF method. Results. There was no significant difference in GMV between the CHD and control groups. Compared with the control group, patients with CHD showed significantly decreased fALFF in the left precentral/postcentral gyrus and increased fALFF in the right inferior cerebellum. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) showed significantly decreased fALFF values of the right inferior cerebellum than patients without MI. There was no significant correlation between the fALFF values in specific brain regions and disease duration. Furthermore, the ROC curves of abnormal brain regions showed the perfect accuracy of the fALFF value in distinguishing between CHD patients and controls. Conclusion. CHD demonstrated aberrant neural activity in specific brain regions mainly related to sensorimotor networks and pain processing, which may contribute to understanding the underlying neurological mechanism of CHD.

Genes expression related to lung cancer are observed in nasal epitthelia, to identify their similarities and differences and provide the basis for possible application. There are three groups:non-lung cancer group (NLC), lung cancer group (LC) and postoperative lung cancer group (PLC).The genes expression in nasal epitthelia were observed by PCR, including the HCK, NCF1, TLR8, EMR3, CSF2RB, DYSF, SPEF2, ANKFN1, HYDIN, DNAH5, C12orf55 and CCDC113. Their expression levels were obtained and statistically compared. Results showed that all the related genes in LC and PLC groups were highly expressed. There are significant difference in HCK, NCF1, TLR8, EMR3, CSF2RB and C12orf55 gene expression between the LC or PLC and NLC, and in EMR3 and C12orf55 between LC and PLC. Conclusions are HCK, NCF1, TLR8, EMR3, CSF2RB, C12orf55 can be used for lung cancer screening, while EMR3 and C12orf55 for the review of post-operative lung cancer.

目的 探讨Willis环的CT血管造影(CTA)新的分型,并进行相关解剖测量.方法 搜集头颈CTA未发现Willis环明确病变者114例,根据其完整性与发育分三型:完整型、相对完整型及不完整型,测量Willis环相关动脉内径并计算其比例关系.结果 CTA显示Willis环完整型26例,相对完整型9例,不完整型79例.发育不良Willis环88例,占77.19％,其中后循环占64.8％,两支占47.7％;变异环49例,占42.98％,其中后循环占71.4％,一支占69.4％.颈内、大脑中、前、后动脉及前、后交通动脉内径比为1.00∶ 0.74∶ 0.54∶ 0.51∶ 0.41∶0.40.结论 本研究Willis环新的分型克服单一考虑环的完整或发育,增加相对完整型,形成分型间联系.进行发育不良与变异的定位与定量,结合Willis环内径测量可为相关疾病诊疗与血流动力学研究提供解剖依据.

CT and MRI imaging features and grades of liver iron deposition（LID）were discussed and evaluated in clinical application.The imaging and laboratory data of 20 patients with LID were analyzed retrospectively. CT value of liver were measured and MR signal intensity ratio of muscle/liver calculated.A new imaging grade of LID were made with CT and MR, and the grade correlation was analyzed between CT, MR and SF. All of 20 patients with LID, 19 cases were CT examination, their CT value ranging of liver were from 55HU to 116HU, of which more than 72HU were in 7 cases and 72HU or less in 12. 14 cases were MR examination with the low signal of liver, and the inverse phase signal of T1WI was higher than that of the positive phase. There were no significant difference among the grade of CT, T1WI, T2WI and SF (P>0.05), and there were the positive correlation of grade between CT, T1WI, T2WI and SF (rs=0.803,0.847,0.677 respectively), and of values between CT, T1WI SIR, T2WI SIR and SF(rs=0.454, 0.538, 0.811 respectively). CT can show the LID with high-density, but the mild LID can be with normal density, which is the false negative. MRI can show LID with low-signal, of which T2WI is the lower than T1WI, it is beneficial to diagnose the early LID. Grades of CT and MR have good consistent with that of SF, and can reflect the severity of LID, particularly that of MR-T1WI grading.

By comparing the R-VR, This paper will evaluate the SFOF-VR imaging applied in the head and neck. Based on the original scanning data, SFOF-VR and R-VR were performed on 35 subjects (including the normal, with variations and/or lesions) from the head-neck CTA examination. Comparisons were made between the image features of SFOF-VR and R-VR in showing the anatomy, variation and lesion in the head and neck. SFOF-VR showed independently or jointly the CO, C1, C2, VA, VVP and their lesions or abnormality with different opacity and colors. In the 35 subjects, there are 6 normal subjects, 16 with variations (7 cases in VA and 9 in AAJ) and 13 with lesions (6 cases with VA arteriosclerosis and 7 with fracture or dislocation in AAJ. Comparisons showed that images of SFOF-VR are more clear and comprehensive than those of R-VR in displaying the normal anatomy and abnormal changes (P < 0.05). SFOF-VR can overcome the R-VR's shortcoming and more clearly show the lesions without overlapping than the R-VR for imaging diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Coronary heart disease is an urgent, rapidly-developing disease with high disability and mortality. Previous studies indicated that CHD patients exhibited an increased risk of mild cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Here we collected rs-fMRI data to assess global brain activity in CHD patients and controls by measuring fALFF. We demonstrated that CHD patients occur abnormal brain activity in left precentral/postcentral gyrus and right inferior cerebellum, which is mainly related to sensorimotor network and pain processing. Spontaneous brain activity abnormalities may contribute to understanding underlying neurological mechanisms of CHD.