Sun, Qingmiao MD; Bai, Juan MD; Wang, Su MD; Fang, Hong MD; Qiao, Jianjun MD, PhD Author Information

International Journal of DermatologyEarly View Letter to the Editor A case of hypopigmented mycosis fungoides with granulomatous slack skin Wenjuan Cui, Wenjuan Cui Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China These authors contributed equally to the work.Search for more papers by this authorSu Wang, Corresponding Author Su Wang [email protected] Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China These authors contributed equally to the work.Search for more papers by this authorJunzhu Xu, Junzhu Xu Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author Wenjuan Cui, Wenjuan Cui Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China These authors contributed equally to the work.Search for more papers by this authorSu Wang, Corresponding Author Su Wang [email protected] Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China These authors contributed equally to the work.Search for more papers by this authorJunzhu Xu, Junzhu Xu Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 March 2024 https://doi.org/10.1111/ijd.17084 Conflict of interest: None. Funding source: None. Patient consent form: Written consent has been obtained from the patient for the purpose of publication. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. References 1Willemze R, Cerroni L, Kempf W, Berti E, Facchetti F, Swerdlow SH, et al. The 2018 update of the WHO-EORTC classification for primary cutaneous lymphomas. Blood. 2019; 133: 1703–1714. 10.1182/blood-2018-11-881268 CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2Kempf W, Ostheeren-Michaelis S, Paulli M, Lucioni M, Wechsler J, Audring H, et al. Granulomatous mycosis fungoides and granulomatous slack skin: a multicenter study of the Cutaneous Lymphoma Histopathology Task Force Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC). Arch Dermatol. 2008; 144(12): 1609–1617. 10.1001/archdermatol.2008.46 PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3Oh DY, Jeong SH, Park EJ, Kim KJ, Kim KH. Two different variants of mycosis fungoides (hypopigmented mycosis fungoides and mycosis fungoides palmaris et plantaris) occurring simultaneously in a single patient. Indian J Dermatol. 2023; 68(1): 100–102. PubMedGoogle Scholar 4Naeini FF, Soghrati M, Abtahi-Naeini B, Najafian J, Rajabi P. Co-existence of various clinical and histopathological features of mycosis fungoides in a young female. Indian J Dermatol. 2015; 60: 214. PubMedGoogle Scholar 5Souza BC, Miyashiro D, Giannotti MA, Sanches JA. Different aspects and variants of mycosis fungoides in a single patient. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2021; 87: 565–568. 10.25259/IJDVL_787_20 PubMedGoogle Scholar Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation

Wang, Su MD; Chen, Xinyi MD; Bai, Juan MD; Sun, Qingmiao MD; Qiao, Jianjun MD; Fang, Hong MD Author Information

Background Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is caused by low-risk human papillomavirus, and is characterized by high recurrence after treatment. The RNA modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) plays an important role during diverse viral infections, including high-risk HPV infection in cervical cancer. However, it is unclear whether low-risk HPV infection changes the RNA m6A methylation in CA. Methods High-throughputm6A-sequencing was performed to profile the transcriptome-wide mRNA modifications of CA tissues infected by LR-HPVs and the paired normal tissues from CA patients. We further investigated the regulation of alternative splicing by RNA binding proteins (RBPs) with altered m6A modification and constructed a regulatory network among these RBPs, regulated alternative splicing events (RASEs) and regulated alternative splicing genes (RASGs) in CA. Results The results show that the m6A level in CA tissues differed from that in the paired controls. Furthermore, cell cycle- and cell adhesion- associated genes with m6A modification were differentially expressed in CA tissues compared to the paired controls. In particular, seven RNA binding protein genes with specific m6A methylated sites, showed a higher or lower expression at the mRNA level in CA tissues than in the paired normal tissues. In addition, these differentially expressed RNA binding protein genes would regulate the alternative splicing pattern of apoptotic process genes in CA tissue. Conclusions Our study reveals a sophisticated m6A modification profile in CA tissue that affects the response of host cells to HPV infection, and provides cues for the further exploration of the roles of m6A and the development of a novel treatment strategy for CA.

Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. Consent to participate statement: For studies using human participants, written informed consent was obtained from participants to participate in the study. This study protocol was reviewed and approved by Institutional Ethics Committees of The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Approval Number (IIT20230282A). Hong Fang and Jianjun Qiao contributed equally to this work.

This case report describes tofacitinib treatment for 2 patients with pretibial myxedema.

OBJECTIVE:To identify differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in condyloma acuminatum (CA) and to explore their probable regulatory mechanisms by establishing coexpression networks. METHODS:High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to assess genome-wide lncRNA expression in CA and paired adjacent mucosal tissue. The expression of candidate lncRNAs and their target genes in larger CA specimens was validated using real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‒qPCR). Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used for the functional enrichment analysis of these candidate lncRNAs and differential mRNAs. The coexpressed mRNAs of the candidate lncRNAs, calculated by Pearson's correlation coefficient, were also analysed using GO and KEGG analysis. In addition, the interactions among differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs)-cis-regulatory transcription factors (cisTFs)-differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analysed and their network was constructed. RESULTS:A total of 546 lncRNAs and 2553 mRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in CA compared to the paired control. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs coexpressed with DElncRNAs were enriched in the terms of cell adhesion and keratinocyte differentiation, and the pathways of ECM-receptor interaction, local adhesion, PI3K/AKT and TGF-ß signaling. We further constructed the network among DElncRNAs-cisTFs-DEGs and found that these 95 DEGs were mainly enriched in GO terms of epithelial development, regulation of transcription or gene expression. Furthermore, the expression of 3 pairs of DElncRNAs and cisTFs, EVX1-AS and HOXA13, HOXA11-AS and EVX1, and DLX6-AS and DLX5, was validated with a larger number of specimens using RT‒qPCR. CONCLUSION:CA has a specific lncRNA profile, and the differentially expressed lncRNAs play regulatory roles in mRNA expression through cis-acting TFs, which provides insight into their regulatory networks. It will be useful to understand the pathogenesis of CA to provide new directions for the prevention, clinical treatment and efficacy evaluation of CA.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), an uncommon severe cutaneous adverse reaction, is believed to be a T cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction, of which the most common cause is medication. However, infections have also been reported to be associated with AGEP. Here, we present a case of AGEP possibly related with Staphylococcus pettenkoferi.

References 1 Kardaun SH, Sidoroff A, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Halevy S, Davidovici BB, Mockenhaupt M, et al. Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side-effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist? Br J Dermatol. 2007;156:609–11. 2 Bocquet H, Bagot M, Roujeau JC. Drug-induced pseudolymphoma and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms: DRESS). Semin Cutan Med Surg. 1996;15:250–7. 3 Roujeau JC, Stern RS. Severe adverse cutaneous reactions to drugs. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1272–85. 4 Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Liss Y, Chu CY, Creamer D, et al. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol. 2013;169:1071–80. 5 Wongkitisophon P, Chanprapaph K, Rattanakaemakorn P, Vachiramon V. Six-year retrospective review of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92:200–5.

As the most common type of human papillomavirus-independent endocervical adenocarcinomas (ECAs), gastric-type endocervical adenocarcinomas (GEAs) account for approximately 10% of all ECAs. Although anti-HER2 therapy has been proven effective in many cancers, it has not been used in ECAs, including GEAs, which is at least partly due to the lack of a well-defined guideline. Limited available data regarding HER2 in GEAs and ECAs have considerable variations likely caused by variations in the tumor type selection, testing methods, and scoring criteria. Here, we selected 58 GEA cases to examine the HER2 status using immunohistochemistry and fluorescent in situ hybridization and investigate the prognostic value and their association with other known or potential prognostic factors. When strong complete or lateral/basolateral membranous reactivity in ≥10% tumor cells was used to define HER2 positivity, relatively high prevalence of HER2 overexpression (10/58[17.2%]) and amplification (9/58 [15.5%]), as well as high immunohistochemistry-fluorescent in situ hybridization concordance rate (9/10 [90%]) was found in GEAs. A lateral/basolateral staining pattern ("U-shaped") was observed, at least focally, in most of HER2-positive (3+) and equivocal (2+) tumors. Notably, considerable heterogeneity of HER2 expression was observed in HER2 positive and equivocal cases (80.0% and 83.3%, respectively). HER2 overexpression and amplification were associated with worse progression-free survival (P = .047 and P = .032, respectively). Programmed death-ligand 1 expression was associated with worse progression-free survival (P = .032), whereas mutant-type p53 demonstrated no prognostic significance. Our work laid a solid foundation for the eventual development of a future standard HER2 testing guideline for GEAs.

血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(angioimmu-noblastic T cell lymphoma,AITL)最早在20世纪70年代中期由Frizzera等首先提出,是一种罕见的T细胞淋巴瘤.AITL发病占外周血T细胞淋巴瘤(peri-pheral T-cell lymphoma,PTCL)的15％～20％,非霍奇金淋巴瘤(non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,NHL)的1％～2％[1-2].AITL临床表现无特异性,还可以累及肝脏、脾脏、皮肤、肺和骨髓等全身多器官,并常伴有免疫功能紊乱,部分伴有体重减轻、发热、盗汗等B症状[3].

Prurigo nodularis (PN) is an intense pruritic skin condition. Treatment of PN is challenging. We described an elderly patient with PN who had contradictions of cyclosporine or methotrexate and achieved significant improvement after treatment with dupilumab. We also reviewed published cases of elderly patients with PN who were refractory to traditional therapy.

AIMS:Persistent pruritic eruptions (PPEs), presenting with dyskeratotic keratinocytes histologically, are characteristic skin rash in patients with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD). The lesions may be histologically similar to other entities that present with dyskeratosis. In the present study, we compared the histopathological features between PPEs and other entities presenting with dyskeratosis. METHODS AND RESULTS:To investigate whether histopathological findings can be used to discriminate among PPEs and other entities presenting with dyskeratotic keratinocytes, cutaneous histopathological changes of PPEs associated with AOSD (n = 26) were compared with those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (n = 16), dermatomyositis (n = 19), and drug eruption (n = 16). Dyskeratosis was observed in the upper one-third of the epidermal layer in all 26 PPEs. The rate of dyskeratosis for PPEs was higher than that for SLE (18.8%) and dermatomyositis (15.8%). In drug eruptions, the dyskeratotic cells were distributed in all levels of the epidermis. Variable densities of neutrophils were found in the dermis in all PPEs. CONCLUSIONS:Although this was a retrospective study conducted at a single centre, presentation of dyskeratotic keratinocytes in the upper one-third of the epidermal layer is a distinctive histopathological reactive pattern of PPEs. This pattern may be a useful histopathological marker for early diagnosis of AOSD.

The expression profile of miRNAs and their function in condyloma acuminatum (CA) remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to detect the effects of miR-143 and miR-145, the most downregulated in CA samples using high-throughput sequencing, on cell proliferation and apoptosis, to determine a novel therapeutic target for CA recurrence. RT-qPCR was used to validate the lower expression of miR-143 and miR-145 in a larger size of CA samples, and the expression of NRAS in CA samples was significantly higher than self-controls as determined by western blotting assay. Luciferase assay was performed to confirm that miR-143 or miR-145 targeted NRAS directly. Transduction of LV-pre-miR-143 or LV-pre-miR-145 to human papilloma virus (HPV)-infected SiHa cells led to reduced proliferation, greater apoptosis and inhibition of expression of NRAS, PI3 K p110α and p-AKT. However, knockout of miR-143 or miR-145 in human epidermal keratinocytes by delivery of CRISPR/CAS9-gRNA for target miRNAs protected cells from apoptosis and upregulated expression of target genes as described above. MiR-143 and miR-145 sensitized cells to nutlin-3a, a p53 activator and MDM2 antagonist, while their loss protected cells from the stress of nutlin-3a. Furthermore, siRNA targeting NRAS showed similar effects on proliferation and apoptosis as miR-143 or miR-145. Taken together, our results suggest that loss of miR-143 or miR-145 in CA protects HPV-infected cells from apoptosis induced by environmental stress, in addition to promoting cellular proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis by targeting NRAS/PI3 K/ATK. Restoration of miR-143 or miR-145 might provide an applicable and novel approach to block the recurrence and progression of CA.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis can induce cutaneous reactions such as erythema nodosum and erythema induratum. However, tuberculosis associated with Sweet's syndrome is extremely rare. Here we presented a 58-year-old tuberculosis meningitis patient with Sweet's syndrome.

BACKGROUND:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic or relapsing inflammatory disorder of the skin that frequently precedes asthma and allergic disorders. This study aimed to identify candidate genes related to AD using bioinformatic methods.METHODS:The microarray data of GSE32924, including 12 nonlesional AD (ANL) and 13 lesional AD (AL) skin samples obtained from 14 patients with AD as well as eight other normal human skin samples, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened in ANL and AL skin samples compared with normal controls, followed by gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses. Furthermore, the selected overlapping DEGs were analyzed to identify co-expressed genes, and a co-expression network was established. GeneCodis database was selected for functional annotation of the differentially co-expressed genes and a regulatory network was constructed.RESULTS:Compared with normal controls, 438 DEGs were identified in ANL skin samples and were mainly enriched in two pathways and the GO terms associated with epidermis development. Besides, 779 DEGs were identified in AL skin samples and were mainly enriched in four pathways and GO terms associated with immune response. Stimulated by retinoic acid 13 (STRA13), presenilin enhancer gamma secretase subunit (PSENEN), and nucleosome assembly protein 1-like 2 (NAP1L2) were significantly enriched by integration analysis of the co-expression and regulatory network.CONCLUSION:Genes STRA13, PSENEN, and NAP1L2 were presumed to play critical roles in AD and they may serve as potential targets for the treatment of AD.

ABSTRACTThe diverse influences of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on wintertime precipitation over the Maritime Continent are herein investigated using observational data. The ENSO events are divided into four categories—strong El Niño, strong La Niña, moderate El Niño and moderate La Niña—according to their amplitudes. Significant negative Maritime Continent precipitation anomalies are observed during strong El Niño events, whereas wet conditions occur during strong La Niña events. In the case of moderate La Niña events, the Maritime Continent rainfall anomalies are similar in spatial structure and comparable in amplitude to strong La Niña events, whereas almost no significant rainfall anomalies are observed in moderate El Niño years. Further analysis shows that strong El Niño (strong/moderate La Niña) events are associated with a significant anticyclone (cyclone) surface response over the western tropical Pacific and related to a significant descending (ascending) branch of the Walker circulation around the Philippines. However, during moderate El Niño events, both the central‐eastern and the western tropical sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) are weak and cannot significantly change the Walker circulation over the tropical Pacific. Therefore, the descending branch anomalies of the Walker circulation associated with moderate El Niño events around the Philippines are quite weak and cannot cause significant negative precipitation anomalies in that location. In addition, there is large case‐to‐case variance in the tropical Pacific SSTA associated with moderate El Niño events, which also contributes to the weak Maritime Continent rainfall response in the composite analysis.

A novel biometric watermarking algorithm was proposed to augment remote multimodal recognition by embedding voice characteristics into face images.Using the modified quantization index modulation(QIM)scheme proposed by reference[1],the algorithm embedded both a fragile watermark for tampering detection,and a robust watermark to represent the Gaussian mixture model(GMM)parameters extracted from voice.Using face,voice and multimodal recognition algorithms,the proposed watermarking scheme can detect tampering,and is robust to watermarking attacks such as resizing,Gaussian noise,blurring,Gamma correction and JPEG compression.On the XM2 VTS database consisting of 295 persons,the multimodal system can obtain recognition rate of 95.93% for identification,and equal error rate of 3.19% for verification.

The impact of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly on the winter mean surface air temperature (SAT) in the Asian-Pacific region is investigated during the period from 1948 to 2008 using both observations and a linear baroclinic model (LBM). A singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis is conducted between the 500hPa geopotential height (Z500) over the Northern Hemisphere and the SST over the tropical Pacific Ocean to obtain the large-scale atmospheric patterns related to tropical Pacific SST. Focus is given to the second pair of SVD mode (SVD2) which bears some similarities in the Z500 field to the Arctic Oscillation over the North Atlantic sector and can impact the SAT over a larger area of Asian-Pacific. In the winter of a positive SVD2 the SAT over the midlatitude to high-latitude Asian continent, the Arctic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the western subtropical Pacific Ocean tends to be warmer than normal, while the North Pacific Ocean around the Bering Strait is abnormally cold, and vice versa. Examination of the associated surface general circulation shows that a positive SVD2 tends to shift the Siberian High southward and the Aleutian Low eastward resulting in anomalous weak pressure gradient between the Asian continent the North Pacific. Anomalous positive sea level pressure anomalies around Japan and southerly wind along the east coast of the Asian continent are observed. At the same time, the East Asian trough at midtroposphere becomes weaker than normal and the East Asian westerly jet stream is increased in magnitudes and shifted northward. The analysis of the wave activity flux and result of idealized numerical experiments show a possible influence of the western tropical Pacific SST forcing on the SVD2.