BACKGROUND:Hearing aids are used to mitigate the adverse effects of hearing loss. AIMS:To investigate the relationship between hearing ability, cognitive skills, and verbal fluency before and after hearing aid use in individuals with presbycusis, and to understand the effect of unilateral or bilateral hearing aid use on these possible changes. METHODS:A total of 39 patients with presbycusis were included in the study. Patients who benefited from unilateral or bilateral hearing aids were assigned to Groups 1 and 2, respectively. All patients underwent one cognitive test (standardized mini-mental state examination [SMMSE]) and two separate verbal fluency tests (phonemic fluency test [PFT] and semantic fluency test [SFT]), both before and after at least 6 months of hearing aid use. SMMSE, PFT, and SFT scores before and after device use and the intergroup percentage change in these scores were compared. RESULTS:Groups 1 and 2 showed significantly higher SMMSE and PFT scores after hearing aid use compared to those before (p < 0.05). No intergroup differences were found when comparing the percentage change in SMMSE and PFT scores (p > 0.05). There was a significant improvement in cognitive and verbal fluency tests after hearing aid use compared to before. However, the use of unilateral or bilateral devices did not influence this improvement. CONCLUSIONS:This study is the first prospective study in the literature to investigate the effect of unilateral and bilateral hearing aid use on cognitive and verbal fluency tests in patients with presbycusis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between parental anxiety and postoperative pain and complications in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. METHODS:The level of pain of the child and the pain perceived by the parent were questioned using the Wong-Baker FACESR pain grading scale at postoperative 6 hour, 24 hour, 1 week, and 2 weeks. For evaluation of the anxiety status of the parents, the following questionnaires were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (ASI-3) and the parent version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS-P). Using the State Anxiety scores, the parents were classified into three groups. The patients were followed up in respect to complications (fever, nausea-vomiting, re-hospitalization, re-operation). RESULTS:Evaluations were made of 145 patients and their parents. Of the total parents, mild anxiety was determined in 47 (32.4%) (Group 1), moderate anxiety in 70 (48.2%) (Group 2), and severe anxiety in 28 (19.3%) (Group 3). Pearson correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between parental anxiety and the pain scores of both the parents and the children. Complications developed in 1 (2.1%) patient in Group 1, in 22 (31.4%) in Group 2, and in 16 (57.1%) in Group 3 (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION:The results of this study demonstrated that postoperative pain and complications were seen at a higher rate in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy whose parents had a high level of anxiety. Preoperative psychosocial support given to parents could reduce pain and complications to lower levels. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3: TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT06579586.

Amaç: Tedavi öncesi trombosit-lenfosit oranı (PLR), ortalama trombosit hacmi (MPV) ve trombosit dağılım genişliğinin (PDW) larenks skuamöz hücreli kanserli (LSCC) hastaların prognozu üzerindeki etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma popülasyonu iki gruba ayrıldı: sağ kalanlar (Grup 1) ve sağ kalmayanlar (Grup 2). Daha sonra, iki grup arasında yaş, cinsiyet, sigara içme durumu, lezyon lokalizasyonu, ön komissür tutulumu, tümör T evresi, N evresi, M evresi, erken/ileri evre ve tümör patolojik derecesi dahil olmak üzere çok sayıda değişken açısından kapsamlı bir karşılaştırma yapıldı. Genel sağkalımı (OS) tahmin etmek için ROC eğrisi analizi gerçekleştirildi. Daha sonra, kesme değerlerine göre gruplar oluşturuldu ve bu gruplar 3 ve 5 yıllık genel sağkalım (OS) oranları açısından karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 594 hasta alındı. Sağ kalan grup yaş ortalaması 59.8±9.18 yıl olan 419 (%70.5) hastadan (Grup 1) ve sağ kalmayan grup yaş ortalaması 62.4±11.17 yıl olan 175 (%29.5) hastadan (Grup 2) oluşuyordu. PDW (kesme değeri 16,35 fL) %78,3 duyarlılık ve %52,2 özgüllük ile kanser prognozunu öngörme potansiyeline sahipti. Ayrıca, PLR (kesme değeri 123.64) kanser prognozunu %70.2 duyarlılık ve %51.1 özgüllük ile öngörebildi. Sonuçlar: Tanı anında PDW >16.35 fL ve PLR >%123.64 olan LSCC hastalarının tedavi seçimi ve takibinde daha dikkatli olunmalıdır. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of pre-treatment platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) on the prognosis of patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC). Material and Method: The study population was divided into two groups: survivors (Group 1) and non-survivors (Group 2). Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive comparison between the two groups with respect to a multitude of variables, including age, gender, smoking status, lesion localization, anterior commissure involvement, tumor T stage, N stage, M stage, early/advanced stage, and tumor pathological grade. ROC curve analysis was performed to estimate overall survival (OS). Then, groups were formed according to cut-off values and these groups were compared in terms of 3- and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates. Results: The study included 594 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The survivor group consisted of 419 (70.5%) patients with a mean age of 59.8±9.18 years (Group 1) and the non-survivor group consisted of 175 (29.5%) patients with a mean age of 62.4±11.17 years (Group 2). PDW (cut-off value 16.35 fL) had the potential to predict cancer prognosis with a sensitivity of 78.3% and specificity of 52.2%. Furthermore, PLR (cut-off 123.64) could predict cancer prognosis with a sensitivity of 70.2% and specificity of 51.1%. Conclusion: It was suggested that LSCC patients with PDW >16.35 fL and PLR >123.64% at the time of diagnosis should be more careful in treatment selection and follow-up.

A new endoscopic tympanoplasty technique for large and medium-sized central perforations via a transcanal approach, without tympanomeatal flap elevation compared the preliminary postoperative graft success and hearing outcomes with other techniques in the literature. The study involved 75 patients aged 12 to 44 who underwent tympanoplasty with the lateral malleolar flap technique from 2014 to 2017. Pre-operative otoscopy recorded perforation sizes, and pure tone averages were calculated at 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia via a transcanal approach using tragal cartilage, without tympanomeatal flap elevation. A control otoscopy was conducted six months post-operation to assess reperforation and graft position. Pure tone averages were measured, and pre-operative and post-operative audiological values were compared. Post-operative six-month graft success rate was 94.6%. Reperforation was observed in one patient (1.3%), while another patient (1.3%) exhibited lateralization, and two patients (2.6%) demonstrated medialization. The pre-operative mean hearing level was recorded at 33.3 ± 7.0 dB, accompanied by an Air-Bone Gap (ABG) of 24.0 ± 6.6 dB. Post-operative measurements indicated an improvement in these values, with the mean hearing level decreasing to 18.0 ± 4.8 dB and the ABG reducing to 16.3 ± 5.3 dB (p < 0.05). The endoscopic underlay cartilage tympanoplasty with lateral malleolar flap is a safe technique that avoids elevating the tympanomeatal flap. It offers shorter operation time, easier postoperative dressing, and high graft success rates similar to other tympanoplasty techniques.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy of tonsillectomy and expansion sphincter pharyngoplasty (ESP) in the surgical treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). METHODS:OSA patients with Friedman grade III-IV tonsil hypertrophy diagnosed with polysomnography were separated into two groups according to the surgery performed, as the classic tonsillectomy group (Group 1) and the ESP group (Group 2). The primary endpoint of the study was to determine the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) value. RESULTS:Group 1 comprised 24 patients with median preoperative AHI of 19.7 and postoperative AHI of median 11.8 (p = .0001). Group 2 comprised 29 patients with median preoperative AHI of 25.1 and postoperative AHI of median 16.3 (p = .0001). Nine (37.5%) of the 24 patients in Group 1 accepted as cure (79.1%). Eight (27.5%) of the 29 patients in Group 2 accepted as cure (72.4%). CONCLUSION:There was no superiority of ESP over tonsillectomy in patients with lateral pharyngeal obstruction.

BACKGROUND: In the treatment of early stage laryngeal cancers, surgery (transoral laryngeal surgery (TOLS), open partial laryngeal surgery (OPLS) and radiotherapy (RT) are used. OBJECTIVES: Compare the oncological results of patients with early stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) treated with TOLS or RT. DESIGN: Retrospective SETTINGS: Tertiary training and research hospital PATIENTS AND METHODS: The participants were divided into patients who underwent TOLS and RT treatment. The groups were compared with each other in terms of local recurrence, regional recurrence, distant metastasis, 3 and 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and laryngectomy-free survival rates (LFS). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The effects of TOLS and RT treatment on local control, regional control, OS, DFS, DDS and LFS in early stage laryngeal cancers. SAMPLE SIZE: 261 RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 48 (26) months. There were 186 patients who underwent TOLS and 75 patients who underwent RT treatment. Gender, cigarette/alcohol consumption, tumor localization, anterior commissure involvement, tumor grades, recurrence rates and recurrence localizations of the groups were similar. The 5-year overall, disease specific, disease free and laryngectomy-free survival rates were 85.9%, 88%, 79.4%, 96.3% in the TOLS group and 74.3%, 76.7%, 72.3%, 85.2% in the RT group (P=.034, .065, .269, .060, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: TOLS had equal and good oncological outcomes on OS and DFS compared to RT. Anterior commissure involvement was statistically significant independent prognostic risk factor for DFS in both groups. The 5-year OS rate was greater in the TOLS groups (P=.034). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective, but to the best our knowledge, this is the first study in Turkey with a high patient volume and a long follow-up time.

Objetivo: Comparar e investigar los parámetros de la tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) de los lados sanos y afectados de pacientes con pérdida auditiva neurosensorial súbita idiopática (PANSI). Método: La evaluación ocular bilateral de los pacientes diagnosticados con PANSI se realizó con OCT. Se registraron los valores de espesor del complejo de células ganglionares (CCG) y de la capa de fibras nerviosas de la retina (CFNR), y se examinaron las diferencias entre los dos ojos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 39 pacientes, con una edad media de 44.82 ± 14.90 años. Se determinó que el grosor de la CFNR de los ojos era una media de 89.87 ± 3.65 μm en el lado afectado y 103.87 ± 3.98 μm en el lado de control sano (p = 0.0001). Se determinó que el CCG medio era 90.46 ± 3.49 μm en el lado afectado y 103.77 ± 3.96 μm en el lado de control sano (p = 0.0001). Conclusiones: Se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los ojos sanos y afectados de pacientes con PANSI con respecto al CCG medio y al espesor medio de la CFNR. La OCT podría ser una técnica útil para medir esta degeneración neuronal.

OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study is to compare the optic coherence tomography (OCT) parameters of the healthy and affected sides of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) and to investigate the relationships between these and the improvement in hearing levels. METHODS:A bilateral eye evaluation of patients diagnosed with ISSNHL was performed with OCT. The ganglion cell complex (GCC) and retina nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness values were recorded and the differences between the two eyes were examined. RESULTS:An evaluation was made of 39 patients with a mean age of 44.82 ± 14.90 years. The RNFL thickness of the eyes was determined to be mean 89.87 ± 3.65 µm on the affected side and 103.87 ± 3.98 µm on the healthy control side (p = 0.0001). The mean GCC was determined to be mean 90.46 ± 3.49 µm on the affected side and 103.77 ± 3.96 µm on the healthy control side (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS:A statistically significant difference was observed between the healthy and affected eyes of patients with ISSNHL with respect to mean GCC and mean RNFL thickness. OCT could be a useful technique for measuring this neural degeneration.

PurposeTo determine the preferences of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) and Head-Neck Surgery (HNS) specialists and residents undergoing training for online or face-to-face training and the factors affecting the preference.MethodsAn 16-item questionnaire was created using Google Forms and was administered to residents undergoing training in ENT departments and to specialists working in the same field. The questionnaires were distributed online and requested to be completed between August and October 2020. The study participants were analyzed in two groups according to the preference for online training or face-to-face training.ResultsEvaluation was made of a total of 173 participants, as 68 (39.3%) in online training, and 105 (60.7%) in face-to-face training. Online training comprised 47 (69.1%) females and 21 (30.9%) males with a mean age of 38.9 ± 8years and face-to-face training comprised 68 (64.8%) females and 37 (35.2%) males with a mean age of 37.9 ± 7.5years (gender: P = 0.55, age: P = 0.10). Of the total sample, 39 (22.5%) subjects were single and 134 (77.5%) were married. Face-to-face training was preferred by 61.2% of the married respondents and by 59% of those who were single. While 43.4% stated that visuals and documents were similar in both forms of training, those who stated that documentation was better in face-to-face training constituted 90.2% of the group that preferred face-to-face training (P = 0.0001). Of the total participants, 65.4% stated that concentration was easier in face-to-face training (P = 0.0001). When the groups were compared according to areas of interest, more of those involved in rhinology and head-neck surgery were in face-to-face training, and those with an interest in otology were seen to be in online training (P = 0.002). A wish to continue online training after the pandemic was expressed by 80.9% of the whole sample, and 68.6% wished to continue with face-to-face training (P = 0.0001). Hybrid meetings were determined to have been selected by 86.1% (P = 0.0001).ConclusionOnline web seminars have an important role as a teaching and learning tool. There is a need for further research to evaluate how these clinically focused seminars can be presented at high quality and how they can provide benefit in training.

OBJECTIVE:To conduct unbiased research into the quality and reliability of videos published on YouTube on the subject of smell dysfunction and treatment through two Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialists using three different tools.METHODS:The videos were separated into two groups (reliable: Group 1; non-reliable: Group 2) according to whether or not the content was scientifically reliable, proven, accurate, and useful, as determined by two ENT specialist physicians. The DISCERN reliability tool, Global quality scale (GQS), and JAMA scoring system were used as video scoring tools in the evaluations.RESULTS:Group 1 included 173 videos, and Group 2, 16 videos. The GQS (First ENT specialist) points were 3 (2-5) and GQS (Second ENT specialist) points were 3 (2-5) in Group 1, and 2 (2-3) and 2 (1-3) in Group 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). The points in the DISCERN and JAMA scoring systems were found to be higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (p = 0.0001).CONCLUSION:Although the majority of videos on YouTube related to smell dysfunction are reliable, the number of unreliable videos is not inconsiderable. When videos related to medical information are accepted onto YouTube, weighting should be given to videos which include scientifically proven evidence uploaded by specialist professionals and institutions.

Objetivo: realizar una investigación imparcial sobre la calidad y la confiabilidad de los videos publicados en YouTube sobre el tema de la disfunción y el tratamiento del olfato, a través de dos especialistas en oído, nariz y garganta que utilizan tres herramientas diferentes. Métodos: Los videos se separaron en dos grupos (confiables: Grupo 1; no confiables: Grupo 2) según si el contenido era o no científicamente confiable, probado, preciso y útil, según lo determinado por dos médicos especialistas en Otorrinolaringología. La herramienta de confiabilidad DISCERN, la escala de calidad global (GQS) y el sistema de puntuación JAMA se utilizaron como herramientas de puntuación de video en las evaluaciones. Resultados: el Grupo 1 incluyó 173 videos y el Grupo 2, 16 videos. Los puntos GQS (Primer especialista en ORL) fueron 3 (2-5) y los puntos GQS (Segundo especialista en ORL) fueron 3 (2-5) en el Grupo 1, y 2 (2-3) y 2 (1-3) en el Grupo 2, respectivamente (p= 0.0001). Se encontró que los puntos en los sistemas de puntuación DISCERN y JAMA eran más altos en el Grupo 1 que en el Grupo 2 (p= 0.0001). Conclusión: aunque la mayoría de los videos en YouTube relacionados con la disfunción del olfato son confiables, la cantidad de videos poco confiables no es despreciable. Cuando se aceptan videos relacionados con información médica en YouTube, se debe dar peso a los videos que incluyen evidencia científicamente probada y subidos por instituciones y profesionales especialistas.

Objectives To investigate whether Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is related to presumptive hearing impairment in newborns. Study design The newborns were divided into two groups. The first group included the children of gestational diabetic pregnancies (DPs), and the second group, the children of non-gestational diabetic pregnancies (NDPs). Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) and automated Auditory Brainstem Response (aABR) tests were applied as hearing screening tests. Results Twenty (40.8%) newborns in the DPs group and 5 (7.7%) newborns in the NDPs group failed the first hearing screening test (p = .001). The number of newborns with bilateral failed hearing screening tests was higher in the DPs group at the first screening (75% vs. 20%, p = .04). Fifteen (75.0%) of 20 newborns in the DPs group and 1 (20.0%) of 5 newborns in the NDPs group failed the second TEOAE hearing screening test (p = .04). Conclusion The possibility of presumptive hearing impairment is higher in the newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes compared to the newborns of non-diabetic mothers.

The aim of this study was to investigate the quality and reliability of YouTube videos related to allergic rhinitis. The videos were separated into two groups (reliable: Group 1; unreliable: Group 2) according to whether or not the content was scientifically reliable, proven, accurate, and useful, determined by two allergy specialist physicians. The DISCERN reliability tool, Global quality scale (GQS), and JAMA scoring system were also used as video scoring tools in the evaluations. Group 1 included 112 videos, and Group 2, 30 videos. The GQS points were 4 (2-5) and 4 (2-5) in Group 1, and 2 (1-5) and 2 (1-5) in Group 2( P = 0.0001). The points in the DISCERN and JAMA scoring systems were found to be higher in Group 1 than Group 2 (P = 0.0001). Despite the reliability of the majority of videos on YouTube related to allergic rhinitis, the number of unreliable videos was not small. These unreliable videos can cause negative outcomes for patients. YouTube should give more weighting to videos containing scientifically proven information. (C) 2021 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Metastatic nodal disease is the most important prognostic factor in laryngeal cancer as in the other head and neck cancers. 1 Histologically identified regional metastasis is correlated with an increased risk for recurrence, and approximately 50% decrease in survival. 2Although the incidence of occult neck metastasis varies in relation with localization, stage, and differentiation of the laryngeal cancer, occult neck metastasis was reported as 30% in supraglottic laryngeal cancer, and 20% in T3-T4 glottic laryngeal ABS TRACT Objective: In this study, we aimed to determine ipsilateral and contralateral occult neck metastasis rate in patients who underwent bilateral neck dissection due to T1-T4 N0 laryngeal carcinoma, and put forward the need for bilateral neck dissection.Material and Methods: This study included 60 patients who underwent bilateral neck dissections due to T1-T4 N0 laryngeal carcinoma between 1998 and 2015.The patients were divided into three groups according to the localization of the tumor (supraglottic, glottic, and transglottic).Each group was divided into 3 subgroups as unilateral lesion, midline lesion, and unilateral lesion passing across the midline.The neck metastases were classified as ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral.Results: The tumor was supraglottic in 14, glottic in 13, and transglottic in 33 patients.There was neck metastasis in 9 of 60 patients (3 patients had N1, 3 patients had N2b, and 3 patients had N2c necks).Contralateral neck metastasis was not seen in any of the patients with unilateral tumors.Contralateral neck metastasis was not evident when there was not an ipsilateral neck metastasis.The rate of contralateral neck metastasis in presence of ipsilateral neck metastasis was 33% in supraglottic, 50% in glottic T4a, and 25% in transglottic tumors.Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that unilateral neck dissection was sufficient in all groups in case of unilateral tumors, and unilateral tumors passing across the midline when there is no ipsilateral neck metastasis, but bilateral neck dissection is needed in midline tumors.

Nazolakrimal sistemin mukozal malign melanomu nadir gorulur ve son derece agresiv seyreder. Bu tumorler kendini epifora, kanli gozyasi, epistaksis ve tumor buyudukce de kitle olusturarak belli eder. Literatur incelendiginde bu tumorlere ait calismalar oldukca az sayidadir. Bizim vakamiz 3 aydir devam eden sol gozde kanli sulanma ve 2 aydir burun kanamasi sikayeti olan, 92 yasinda erkek hasta idi. Nazal endoskopide alt meatusta gorulen kitleden alinan biyopsi ile nazolakrimal sistem malign melanomu tanisi konulup, literatur esliginde tartisilmistir.

We investigated the relationship between tympanosclerosis, known atherosclerotic risk factors, and the intima-media thickness of bilateral carotid arteries using ultrasonography. A total of 122 patients admitted to our clinic with chronic otitis media between 2005 and 2010 were included in the study. The study group consisted of 61 patients with tympanosclerosis; the control group comprised 61 patients without tympanosclerosis. Internal carotid artery intima-media thickness (CAIMT), total cholesterol, triglyceride, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, C-reactive protein, and homocysteine levels were measured in all patients. Homocysteine, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels in the study group were higher compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05). Right and left CAIMT was greater in the study group versus the control group (p ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, atherosclerosis and tympanosclerosis were associated with identical risk factors; in the tympanosclerosis group, CAIMT was increased significantly.