以食用菌菌渣和蛭石不同配比为处理,研究了5种配比基质对牛蒡发芽及生长的影响.结果表明,在5种不同配比基质中,以食用菌菌渣和蛭石(体积比)1:4的配比基质牛蒡发芽率、发芽势较高,苗期生长好,且采收期的产量也最高.综合考虑,以食用菌菌渣和蛭石(体积比)1:4最适于牛蒡栽培.

为研究冬春反季节设施栽培辣椒果实绿熟到转色阶段的品质及形态指标在发育过程中的变化规律,以4个辣椒品种和2个甜椒品种为研究对象,对授粉后果实不同生长发育阶段辣椒果实单果重、果长、果肩宽等形态指标及可溶性糖含量和维生素C等品质指标进行检测分析.结果表明,辣椒授粉后7～27d为辣椒果实快速增长期,辣椒果实开花后37～42 d为最佳采收期,此时水分含量较高,维生素C、可溶性糖和可溶性固形物含量及单果重基本都达到了整个生长发育阶段的峰值.相关性分析表明,果实形态指标与单果重均呈显著正相关关系;维生素C含量、果实可溶性固形物含量、可溶性总糖含量与单果重及大部分果实形态指标均呈显著正相关关系,但与果实含水量均呈极显著负相关关系;可溶性固形物含量与维生素C含量、可溶性糖含量均呈极显著正相关关系.

Watermelon is one of people’s favorite fruits globally. Fruit size is one of the important characteristics of fruit quality. Low light can seriously affect fruit development, but there have been no reports concerning molecular mechanism analysis in watermelons involved in fruit expansion under low-light stress. To understand this mechanism, the comparative transcriptomic file of watermelon fruit flesh at four different developmental stages under different light levels was studied. The results showed that the fruit size and content of soluble sugar and amino acids at low-light stress significantly decreased compared to the control. In addition, 0–15 DAP was the rapid expansion period of watermelon fruit affected by shading. In total, 8837 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and 55 DEGs were found to play a role in the four different early fruit development stages. We also found that genes related to oxidation-reduction, secondary metabolites, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism and transcriptional regulation played a key role in watermelon fruit expansion under low-light stress. This study provides a foundation to investigate the functions of low-light stress-responsive genes and the molecular mechanism of the effects of low-light stress on watermelon fruit expansion.

为明确弱光下西瓜果实难以正常膨大的问题,以西瓜'苏蜜8号'为试材,通过田间遮阴模拟弱光试验,研究弱光对西瓜植株生长、果实发育的影响.结果表明,弱光对西瓜植株生长的影响从遮光处理开始就一直存在;授粉后的3～15天为西瓜果实快速膨大期,也是弱光影响西瓜果实膨大的关键时期.弱光能显著降低植株的株高、茎粗、叶数和叶大小,并能显著抑制植株光合作用和干鲜物质的积累.弱光使西瓜果肉细胞变小,数目变少;抑制西瓜果肉的细胞核内复制,进而影响西瓜果实的正常膨大.本研究可为西瓜栽培光环境管理和抗弱光栽培技术的研究及应用提供科学依据.

为了研究射频处理技术与有机肥联用对西瓜连作基质枯萎病防控的效果.采用土壤射频消毒系统对连作基质进行处理,并对处理前后基质的理化性质、土壤酶活性和枯萎病发病率进行测定;在处理后的基质中添加有机肥和生物肥料,通过田间试验,研究射频处理和有机肥联用对西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.结果表明,采用射频技术对基质进行处理后,基质中细菌、真菌、放线菌、尖孢镰刀菌数量分别比对照降低了53.70％、48.62％、56.61％、57.80％;基质的pH值、EC值、全氮含量、全磷含量、全钾含量与对照相比没有显著性差异,基质的全碳和有机质含量均比对照升高8.85％;基质的蔗糖酶活性是对照的3.45倍,酸性磷酸酶活性与对照相比变化不大,脲酶活性比对照降低16.33％.射频处理后,西瓜的株高、茎粗与对照相比差异不大,总产量和平均单果质量较对照减少;射频处理添加有机肥和生物肥后,西瓜株高、茎粗、果实总产量、个数和平均单果质量均较对照显著提高.射频处理后西瓜果实横径、纵径、中心糖含量和边糖含量与对照相比没有明显差异,射频处理添加有机肥和生物肥后果实横径、纵径、中心糖含量和边糖含量均增加.综上所述,基质射频处理和有机肥、生物肥的联合施用,可以有效防治枯萎病,促进西瓜植株的生长,提高产量和品质.

采用发光二极管(LED)调制光源,在白光背景下添加不同的光照,以白光为对照,研究不同光照下矮化番茄果实产量、果实品质和糖类物质含量的变化,旨在探明不同LED光照对番茄果实产量和品质的影响.结果表明,在白光背景下添加红光、蓝光和红蓝组合光后,番茄结果时间显著提前.番茄果实横径和纵径在不同光照处理间无显著性差异.白光对照单果质量最大,白光+红光+蓝光处理果实数量最多.白光+红光+蓝光处理果实中可溶性固形物、糖酸比和番茄红素含量均最高,与白光对照相比分别提高19.68％、43.80％和42.49％.白光对照果实维生素C含量最高.由此可见,红光和蓝光是影响番茄果实品质的主要光照.

本研究旨在探明不同肥水组合对辣椒植株生长及养分吸收的影响效应.以'苏椒五号'辣椒为试材,通过研究不同水肥组合对植株生长及养分吸收的影响,最终提出辣椒有机基质栽培水肥管理的最佳技术.结果 表明,当每株辣椒施N量0.88 g、施P2O50.40 g、施K2O3.31 g和含水量63.53％时,辣椒植株生长最旺盛,当每株辣椒施N量0.88 g、施P2O5 0.40 g、施K2O 22.23 g和含水量63.53％时,植株茎粗最大.结合之前水肥耦合对产量的研究结果,辣椒基质生产中建议基肥中每株添加N 0.88g、P2O5 0.40 g、K2O3.31 g和控制基质含水量63.53％;辣椒苗期吸收最多的为氮肥、钾肥次之、磷肥最少,从开花期至结果初期吸收最多的钾肥、氮肥次之、磷肥也最少;增加基质含水量和在一定程度上减少施肥总量可以增加植株株高、茎粗及植株干鲜重.本研究结果为进一步研究辣椒基质栽培的肥水精确管理奠定理论基础.

为实现蔬菜农艺要求与机械移栽相融合,以6个番茄品种为试验材料,对番茄穴盘苗生长指标和掉落损失进行了测定分析.结果表明:6个番茄品种中,以合作903的穴盘苗基质掉落损失率较小,叶片茎秆损伤也较小,可作为机械移栽优选品种.番茄苗龄60d时,穴盘苗茎粗、叶片数、株高综合指标最佳,此时基质含水率50％掉落损失率较小,适合机械移栽.

Expansins are plant cell-wall loosening proteins involved in cell enlargement, adaptive responses to environmental stimuli, and various developmental processes. Although expansins have been characterized in many plant species, little is reported on this family in watermelon. In this study, 30 expansin genes in the watermelon genome (ClEXPs) were identified. These genes which were divided into four subfamilies (7 ClEXLAs, 2 ClEXLBs, 18 ClEXPAs, and 3 ClEXPBs) are unevenly distribute on 10 of 11 watermelon chromosomes. Chromosome mapping suggested that tandem duplication events may have played important roles in the expanding of watermelon expansins. Gene structure and motif identification revealed that same subfamily and subgroup have conserved gene structure and motif. Detection of cis-acting elements revealed that ClEXPs gene promoter regions were enriched with light-responsive elements, hormone-responsive, environmental stress-related, and development-related elements. Expression patterns of ClEXPs were investigated by qRT-PCR. The results showed that expression patterns of 15 ClEXP genes differed in three tissues. Through our own and public RNA-seq analysis, we found that ClEXPs had different expression patterns in fruit flesh, fruit rind, and seed at various developmental stages, and most of ClEXPs were highly responsive to abiotic and biotic stresses. Remarkably, 7 ClEXPs (ClEXLA1, ClEXLA6, ClEXLB1, ClEXLB2, ClEXPA5, ClEXPA10, and ClEXPA16) exhibited positive response to at least three kinds of stresses, suggesting that they might play important roles in the crosstalk of stress signal pathways. The results of this study provide useful insights for the functional identification of expansin gene family in watermelon.

为了探究不同质量浓度生长调节剂对番茄和辣椒夏季幼苗徒长的调节作用,以苏粉11号番茄、苏椒16号辣椒为试验材料,研究壮苗一号对番茄、辣椒幼苗生长情况及产量的影响,设4000、2000、1333、1000、800、600 mg/L壮苗一号调节剂6个处理,以喷施清水为对照(CK).结果表明,与对照相比,番茄和辣椒各处理株高显著降低,番茄和辣椒的根系活力与产量呈显著正相关,其中番茄最佳喷施质量浓度为1333 mg/L,幼苗的根系活力提高15.10％,最大单株产量达2.25 kg,提高81.45％;辣椒最佳喷施质量浓度为800 mg/L,幼苗根系活力提高13.69％,最大单株产量达1.90 kg,比对照提高71.17％;在江淮地区夏季使用穴盘育苗时喷施2次壮苗一号,能够有效控制夏季幼苗徒长,显著提高幼苗茎粗和根系活力,提高单株产量.

为了减少氮肥的施用量,达到肥料科学使用的目的.以蒜为材料,设常规氮肥+有机肥(F1)、氮肥减量15％+有机肥(F2)、氮肥减量30％+有机肥加量20％(F3)、氮肥减量45％+有机肥加量20％(F4)、氮肥减量60％+有机肥加量40％(F5)、氮肥减量75％+有机肥加量40％(F6)6个不同的氮肥有机肥配施处理,并以常规用肥量为对照(CK),研究不同的氮肥与有机肥配施对蒜产量及品质的影响.结果显示,添加有机肥可以提高蒜头及蒜薹的产量,其中F4处理产量最高,F4处理下的蒜薹产量显著高于对照;蒜头产量在添加有机肥后都显著高于对照,F5处理仅次于F4处理;蒜薹的叶绿素含量在F1处理最高,F5处理提高蒜薹游离氨基酸及可溶性糖含量,F4处理硝酸盐含量最低;F5处理蒜头的硝酸盐含量最低,可溶性糖含量最高.从蒜头和蒜薹的产量以及品质综合考虑,F5处理表现较好,说明减少氮肥后配施有机肥可以提高蒜产量及品质.

Changes in the light quality alter the growth and metabolic responses of plants, although studies are limited on these lines. Using white light (CK and CLW), red (R), blue (B), combined far-red (RB+FR) and red combined blue (RB) light-emitting diodes (LEDs), we investigated the effect of different light qualities on growth and phytochemicals of pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.). After 24 h, the flavonoid and phenolic compounds content under CLW, RB and RB+FR treatment significantly increased compared to white light. With added FR light, the dry mass and leaf area increased by 67 and 94% as compared to white light. The study demonstrated that continuous light combines different light quality treatment could be used to improve growth and nutrition of pakchoi. (C) 2019 Friends Science Publishers

苏北地区地处北亚热带向暖温带过渡地带,气候温和,光热资源丰富,雨量充沛,是江苏省发展日光温室蔬菜的重点区域.笔者对苏北地区具有代表性的徐州市和连云港市两地日光温室蔬菜生产情况进行了现场走访调研,分析苏北地区日光温室蔬菜发展中存在的问题,并提出相应的对策.

以小白菜(Brassica cam pestris ssp.chinensis.Makino)为材料,利用LED光精量调制光源,设镝灯(CK)、单色黄光(Y)LED、单色绿光(G)LED、单色蓝光(B) LED、单色红光(R)LED等5个不同光处理,研究了不同光质对小白菜生长、光合作用以及叶片发育的影响.结果表明:蓝光处理下叶片发育较好,叶片栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度增加;气孔发育呈椭圆形,开口较大,单位面积气孔频度较高;蓝光处理下小白菜净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间二氧化碳浓度较高.

为明确辣椒新型有机基质栽培水肥精确管理技术,本研究以辣椒品种‘苏椒5号’为试材,以前期筛选的最优基质配方T8为栽培基质,采用4因素5水平二次回归正交设计试验方案,研究不同水肥组合对辣椒前期产量、品质和光合参数等的影响,分析氮肥(N)、磷肥(P2O5)、钾肥(K2O)和水分的耦合效应.结果表明,低水平氮肥量和高水平基质含水量能增强光合作用、提高辣椒前期产量;磷肥量对辣椒生长发育的影响不大.氮肥、磷肥、钾肥、水对于辣椒产量交互效应大小顺序为:氮水＞钾水＞磷水＞磷钾＞氮钾＞氮磷.通过对建立的辣椒产量二次多项式回归模型分析,可知每株辣椒施入基肥N 0.88 g、P2O50.40 g、K2O 3.31 g、基质含水量63.53％,辣椒前期产量最高,验证试验表明构建的模型准确可靠.

以圣女樱桃番茄为试材,木薯渣为主要原料配制基质育苗,研究不同配方基质获得的樱桃番茄幼苗生长量、G值、壮苗指数、根冠比及对定植后番茄植株生长发育及果实产量和品质的影响.结果发现,以木薯渣:醋糟:蛭石=4:1:3的复配基质育出的樱桃番茄幼苗,定植后生长势最好,产量最高.木薯渣在工厂化育苗中将具有很好的应用前景.

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of ozone sterilization on field disease incidence,yield and quality of tomato and pepper in greenhouse.[Method] A new ozone generator was used to study the effects of different concentrations of ozone on field disease incidence,yield and quality of tomato and pepper in greenhouse.[Result] The results showed that applying ozone could significandy decrease the disease incidence of tomato and pepper,and increase the yield at the same time.Adding ozone could significantly improve fruit weight,fruit longitudinal diameter and transverse diameter,fruit soluble sugar content of tomato and pepper;and could significantly increase the chlorophyll content of pepper leaves,organic acids content and sugar acid ratio of tomato fruits,Vc content and soluble protein content of pepper fruits.[Conclusion] To have an integrative consideration,through using this new type of ozone generator in tomato and pepper greenhouse production,the effect of sterilization,improve the yield and quality of ozone treatment 2 was better than ozone treatment 1.The release of ozone for 3 hours a day have the best effects.

The 1st generation of waste padding of pig fermentation bed (WD) was used as the main material, added with vermiculite or vinegar residue or their mixture to prepare the compound substrates with different formulas. Then physicochemical properties (unit weight, total porosity, water/air ratio, pH, EC, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, organic matter, etc.) of these substrates and their effects on plant growth, photosynthesis, yield and fruit quality of peppers were studied. The results showed that physical characteristics of T8 treatment (WD:vinegar residue:vermiculite = 9:2:6 ) were all within the ranges of ideal substrate. T7 (WD : vinegar residue:vermiculite = 9:4:4), T8, and T9 (WD:vermiculite = 9:5) treatments had lower total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium contents and EC values, but had higher total phosphorus, available phosphorus contents and pH values. The plant heights and stem diameters of pepper of T7, T8 and T9 treatments were significantly higher than those of other treatments. T8 treatment had the highest photosynthesis and chlorophyll content, significantly higher than those of CK. T8 had the highest pepper yield, followed by T4 (WD:vinegar residue = 5:2), increased by 11.14％ and 7.74％, respectively, compared with CK. T7 and T8 treatments had lower soluble solids contents, but higher contents of Vc, soluble protein and soluble sugar. On the whole, T8 treatment is recommended as an organic substrate for the growth of pepper.

Artificial aided pollination is an important step in greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivation.In this study,effects of 3 pollination methods by bumblebee,vibration and plant hormone dip on yield,quality and benefit of tomato in solar greenhouse were compared and analyzed.The results showed that bumblebee pollination could significantly improve the tomato fruiting rate,single fruit weight,single plant yield,soluble solid content and soluble total sugar content,and significantly reduce the abnormal fruit rate than that of the vibration pollination and plant hormone dip pollination.Besides,manual input of bumblebee pollination was fewer than the other 2 methods,so it was the optimal method for greenhouse tomato pollination.

该文以"合作903"番茄为试材,木薯渣为主要原料复配基质育苗,研究育苗质量对番茄植株生长的影响.分析不同配方育苗基质对番茄幼苗生长量、全株干重、G值、壮苗指数、根系生长及定植后番茄的生长指标、果实指标、产量的影响.结果表明,以木薯渣:醋糟:蛭石=4:1:3的配方基质育出的番茄幼苗,定植后生长势最好,产量最高.