Hypertension is a person who is said to be hypertensive if he has a systolic blood pressure of more than 140 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of more than 90 mmHg. One way to handle hypertension is physical activity such as Prolanis gymnastics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of prolanis exercise on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients in Jerowaru village, East Lombok. This research method used experimental research with a pre-experimental type with a one group pre-test post-test design. The population in this research is 108 respondents. The sampling technique used is Simple random sampling with a sample size of 15 people. The statistical test used was the Wilcoxon signed rank test to determine the effect of reducing blood pressure before and after prolanis exercise. Results: statistical test results were obtained with a p value for the 1st meeting pre-post systole = 0.001 and diastole = 0.002 (<0.05), while for the 2nd meeting pre-post systole = 0.002 and diastole = 0.026 (<0. 05). The results obtained showed that prolanis exercise had an effect on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Conclusion: There is an effect of prolanis exercise on reducing blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Suggestion: It is expected that hypertensive patients are diligent in maintaining their diet and lifestyle. ABSTRAK Hipertensi adalah seorang dikatakan hipertensi bila memiliki tekanan darah sistolik lebih dari 140 mmHg dan tekanan darah diastolik lebih dari 90 mmHg. Salah satu penangan hipertensi yaitu dengan aktifitas fisik seperti senam prolanis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh senam prolanis terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di desa Jerowaru Lombok Timur. Meteode penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian ekperimen dengan jenis pre eksperimental dengan rancangan penelitian one group pre-test post-test design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sejumlah 108 responden. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Simple random sampling dengan besar sampel sejumlah 15 orang. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Wilcoxon signed rank test untuk mengetahui pengaruh penurunan tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah dilakukan senam prolanis. Hasil : didapatkan hasil uji statistik dengan nilai p value untuk pertemuan 1 pre-post sistol = 0,001 dan diastol = 0,002 (<0,05), sedangkan untuk pertemuan ke-2 pre-post sistol = 0,002 dan diastol = 0,026 (<0,05). Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa senam prolanis terdapat pengaruh untuk penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Kesimpulan: Ada pengaruh senam prolanis terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Saran: Diharapkan pasien hipertensi rajin menjaga pola makan dan pola hidup.

The existence of Covid-19 in Indonesia has now had its status changed from pandemic to endemic. However, its existence still poses a serious threat to the general health of Indonesian citizens. Since 2019, the government still pays close attention to the existence of Covid-19, by implementing various policies to ensure health protection for the citizens as a Constitutional mandate. In the light of that, this research discusses how the concept of protecting the right to health is understood in the Constitution and whether the vaccination policy is in line with the Constitution. This research uses normative methods. This research concludes that, first, the concept of protecting the right to health in the Constitutional takes the form of understanding with a social-solidarity dimension which is based on the protection of human rights as part of human dignity in achieving public benefits. Second, the vaccination policy implemented by the government is in line with Constitutional values considering it includes protection of the right to health.

Infrastruktur di Indonesia berkembang sangat pesat, hal ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menunjang kemajuan perekonomian di Indonesia.Salah satu infrastruktur yang dibangun yaitu Jalan Layang XYZ. Proyek ini memiliki nilai kontrak sebesar Rp. 149.394.103.000,- dan durasi pekerjaan selama 330 hari (46 minggu), dengan adanya batasan waktu dan biaya tersebut diperlukan pengendalian yang baik dan matang. Progress yang berjalan hingga penelitian ini dibuat telah mencapai minggu ke-37 dengan progress realisasi sebesar 71,847%, sedangkan progress rencana pada minggu ke-37 sebesar 80,422% dengan deviasi antara progress rencana dan progress realisasi sebesar -8,574%. Deviasi tersebut disebabkan oleh ketergantungan antara pekerjaan satu dengan yang lain yang sangat kompleks sehingga tidak jarang menyebabkan keterlambatan proyek dan pengendalian menjadi rumit. Berdasarkan hasil analisisdan pembahasan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa volume realisasi berdasarkan progress realisasi dan volume realisasi berdasarkan AHSP memiliki nilai yang sama, Hal ini menunjukan bahwa faktor-faktor keterbatasan lahan yang mempengaruhi efisiensi alat, padatnya volume lalu lintas di sekitar daerah lokasi proyeksehingga dapat menghambat mobilisasi alat, waktu operasi (waktu siklus) alat berat yang dibutuhkan operator lebih lama dari yang direncanakan, serta penurunan jam efektif kerja karena pekerja membutuhkan waktu persiapan untuk melaksanakan pekerjaanmenjadi faktor penyebab terjadinya deviasi antara kurva S rencana dengan kurva S realisasi. Faktor-faktor lain penyebabterjadinya keterlambatan berdasarkan hasil wawancara di lapangan antara lain; a) keterlambatan dalam penyediaan alat berat launcher untuk erection girder yang mengakibatkan mundurnya pelaksanaan pekerjaan erection girder serta pekerjaan pemancangan oprit jalan layang sebelah barat, b) perubahan design konstruksi dikarenakan jenis kontrak pada proyek ini merupakan design and built di mana kondisi lokasi yang telah ditetapkan pada kontrak tidak dijelaskan secara spesifik sehingga terdapat perbedaan kondisi dengan realita di lapangan, serta c) perubahan pada gambar kerja karena menyesuaikan kondisi di lapangan, sehingga dalam pelaksanaannya menyebabkan pekerjaan konstruksi menjadi terhambat

Professional teachers have four competencies, namely (a) pedagogical competence, (b) cognitive competence, (c) personality competence, and (d) social competence. Among these competencies, learning management is the one we most emphasize. That is, professional teachers must be able to develop learning programs, choose and use learning media and appropriate strategies. Professional teachers must be able to communicate effectively that can motivate their students. They must also have extensive knowledge in their disciplines, be wise, and be well-socialized. The teaching profession is a special field of work that requires professional principles. Professional teachers are those with the competencies required to carry out education and learning duties. Regarding this, writing a scientific paper is one form of activity that can develop teacher professionalism. It should be emphasized that scientific writing is the most substantial activity in developing teacher professionalism. Compiling a scientific paper for teachers is a basic requirement to develop their profession. This is because teachers are considered (a) educated people, (b) reformers in the field of education, (c) motivators, and partners for students, and (d) role models for students in writing scientific paper, (e) researchers in the field of learning, and (f) writers of scientific papers.Professional teachers have four competencies, namely (a) pedagogical competence, (b) cognitive competence, (c) personality competence, and (d) social competence. Among these competencies, learning management is the one we most emphasize. That is, professional teachers must be able to develop learning programs, choose and use learning media and appropriate strategies. Professional teachers must be able to communicate effectively that can motivate their students. They must also have extensive knowledge in their disciplines, be wise, and be well-socialized. The teaching profession is a special field of work that requires professional principles. Professional teachers are those with the competencies required to carry out education and learning duties. Regarding this, writing a scientific paper is one form of activity that can develop teacher professionalism. It should be emphasized that scientific writing is the most substantial activity in developing teacher professionalism. Compiling a scientific paper for teachers is a basic requirement to develop their profession. This is because teachers are considered (a) educated people, (b) reformers in the field of education, (c) motivators, and partners for students, and (d) role models for students in writing scientific paper, (e) researchers in the field of learning, and (f) writers of scientific papers.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence students' difficulty in reading the beginning by taking the object of research at Suko 1 Sidoarjo State Elementary School. While the type of research selected is a case study with 2 subjects. Data was collected through observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Then analyzed using the interactive analysis of the Miles model, namely data condensation, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and data verification. Test the validity of the data using triangulation techniques. The results showed that early reading difficulties were related to omitting words, replacing words, letters, stammering spelling, pronouncing wrong words, and pronouncing patent letters. These difficulties are influenced by four internal factors, namely daily activities, understanding of the material, psychological conditions, and learning motivation. External factors that affect learning difficulties in early reading are the role of the teacher and the family environment.

Human Development Index has three elements, they are health, education attained and standard of living or often called the economy. Knowledge regarding the prevention and handling of COVID-19 and Hypertension in Elderly needs to be disseminated to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases considering the spread of this virus between humans and humans. The incidence of hypertension was also quite a lot and major cause of degenerative disease. The incidence of COVID-19 in West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province has also experienced a significant increase since the announcement of the first positive cases on March 24, 2020. On April 21, 2020, there were 108 cases, with 11 recovered and 4 people. die. The number of COVID-19 sufferers in Mataram was 43 cases, while hypertension cases in Mataram, especially in Pondok Perasi, were 41 people. Health education need to be attention for society regarding the prevention and control the spread of COVID-19 and Hypertension increases knowledge and urges the public to suppress the chain of spread of the Corona Virus which can cause COVID-19 and prevent recurrence of hypertension in the elderly. The target of this public service was the Community in the Bintaro Ampenan, Mataram, the aim of this public service was to providing the understanding of community about counseling on the prevention of covid-19, washing hands properly, and providing materials for the prevention of covid-19 transmission by distributing free masks and counseling on hypertension. These activities have been carried out well. The response from residents was very good and they hoped that similar activities were carried out regularly

The aims of this research and development are (1) to develop an android-based assessment instrument to assess the ability to design clothes digitally, (2) to test the validity and reliability of the instruments developed, (3) to test the practicality of using android-based assessment instruments. The research model uses the Borg & Gall model which consists of ten development steps, namely: (1) research and data collection (2) planning, (3) product draft development, (4) field trials, (5) initial product improvement, ( 6) field trials, (7) improvement of the results of field tests, (8) field implementation tests, (9) improvement of the final product, and (10) dissemination and implementation. The data analysis technique uses the Aikens'V formula to test content validity, Cronbach's Alpha to analyze reliability, and percentages to test practicality. The results of the study (1) obtained an assessment instrument in the form of a Likert scale, 4 options, equipped with a rubric for assessing fashion design products digitally. The instrument is constructed on 4 dimensions/aspects of 15 indicators. (2) the assessment instrument developed is valid with a Vcount of 0.93 and reliable with a reliability coefficient of 0.91. (3) The use of instruments in the good category with an average score of 87.5%.

Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the Mining Business Licensing Arrangements After Law Number 3 of 2020 Concerning Minerals and Coal Concerning Amendments to Law Number 4 of 2009 Concerning Minerals and Coal demonstrates an inconsistency between lower regulations and higher regulations because, in Law Number 3 of 2020 Concerning Minerals and Coal, the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia is given the authority to issue licenses for mining businesses. Indonesia. In this instance, the issuance of mining business permits for both minerals and coal demonstrates disobedience of the Ministry of Investment / Investment Coordinating Board of the Republic of Indonesia in implementing Law Number 3 of 2020 regarding Amendments to Law Number 4 of 2009 regarding Minerals and Coal.

The empowerment PKK team in Pecoro Village, Rambipui District, Jember Regency has been carried out through organik fertilizer from household waste. The purpose of this activity is to empower PKK women to use household waste into products that can be used. The activity is carried out through lecture / counseling activities, mentoring and the practice of processing organik waste into compost. As a result, the level of awareness of PKK mothers and the community about waste management has increased, and is able to add additional cash and income.

Pandemi Covid-19 telah memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap banyak sektor, termasuk sektor ekonomi. Salah satu sektor yang terkena dampak adalah Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), dimana permintaan dari konsumen dan daya beli masyarakat turun akibat pandemi. Kondisi ini mengharuskan UMKM, termasuk industri rumah tangga batik, untuk dapat beradaptasi dan bangkit kembali di tengah situasi pandemi Covid-19. Untuk mencapai tujuan ketahanan sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat, perilaku adaptif harus diterapkan agar produksi dan pemasaran produk tetap dapat berjalan secara rasional. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan bisnis online pengrajin batik Laweyan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan sosial dan ekonomi mereka selama pandemi Covid-19. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan adalah partisipatif, dengan melakukan pelatihan bisnis dan pendampingan yang berkelanjutan bagi pengrajin batik di Kelurahan Laweyan, Kota Surakarta. Pemilihan Laweyan sebagai lokasi dilakukan karena tempat tersebut merupakan pusat produksi dan penjualan batik, dan mayoritas penduduknya adalah pengrajin batik. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah peningkatan kemampuan bisnis online dan ketahanan sosial dan ekonomi pengrajin batik Laweyan selama pandemi Covid-19.

The ideal election is an election whose process is good, qualified, and fair. Since the direct elections in 2014 until the simultaneous elections in 2019, election violations have often occurred, including election administration, election crimes, and the code of ethics of election organizers. The design of handling election administrative violations after the determination of the results: handling of the election administrative violations after the determination of election results, the original intense of Article 454 paragraph (6) and Article 461 paragraph (1) of the Election Law, and the ideal redesign in handling administrative violations in Bawaslu after the determination of election results. Research results: first, Bawaslu still receives election administrative reports after the determination of results. Second, the original intense of the norms limit the handling of election administrative violations to the process stage. Third, redesign the norms and the mechanism, then provide strict limits in the Constitutional Court Regulation.

This research aims to analyze the obstacles in handling election crimes and find the ideal argumentation basis to be used as an improvement to the handling of election crimes. The current handling of election criminal offenses is affected by problems of substance and structure. In terms of substance, there are several articles that regulate elements that are difficult to prove, such as articles related to money politics, political dowries, and unscheduled campaigns, while in terms of structure, the existence of integrated law enforcement centers tends to differ with each other in the process of handling election criminal offenses, which has an impact on the discontinuation of handling election criminal offenses. In addition, there is a change in the personnel of investigators and prosecutors when the process of handling violations is ongoing. This research is normative research. The results of the research illustrate that the redesign of the handling of election criminal offenses is carried out with two approaches, namely first, Article 492, Article 494, Article 495 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), Article 513, Article 515, Article 518, Article 545. Second, the redesign of the handling of electoral crimes through the enactment of the concept of the provisions of Article 486 paragraph (2) and paragraph (4) expressly in the pattern of handling electoral crimes by the Gakkumdu center by placing the span of control of the termination of the investigation and prosecution process through legal instruments issued by Bawaslu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kendala dalam penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu serta menemukan basis argumentasi yang ideal untuk digunakan sebagai perbaikan terhadap penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu. Penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu saat ini dipengaruhi oleh problematika subtansi dan struktur. Dari sisi substansi, terdapat beberapa pasal yang mengatur Unsur-unsur yang sulit dibuktikan semisal pasal terkait politik uang, mahar politik, dan kampanye luar jadwal, sedangkan dari sisi struktur, keberadaan sentra penegakan hukum terpadu cenderung saling berbeda pandangan dalam proses penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu, yang berdampak pada tidak dilanjutkanya penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu. Di samping itu pula, dalam terjadi pergantian personil penyidik dan penuntut di saat proses penanganan pelanggaran tengah berjalan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif. Adapun hasil penelitian memberikan gambaran yakni redesain terhadap penanganan pelanggaran tindak pidana Pemilu dilakukan dengan dua pendekatan yakni pertama, Pasal 492, Pasal 494, Pasal 495 ayat (1) dan ayat (2), Pasal 513, Pasal 515, Pasal 518, Pasal 545. Kedua, redesain terhadap penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu melalui dengan memberlakukan konsep ketentuan Pasal 486 ayat (2) dan ayat (4) secara tegas pada pola penanganan tindak pidana Pemilu oleh Sentra Gakkumdu dengan menempatkan rentang kendali penghentian proses penyidikan dan penuntutan melalui instrument hukum yang dikeluarkan oleh Bawaslu.

Abstrak: Saat ini sandang bukan hanya sebagai kebutuhan primer, tetapi juga sudah menjadi bagian dari gaya hidup. Ecoprint merupakan salah satu metode untuk mewarnai atau membuat motif pada kain yang saat ini digemari masyarakat. Produk ecoprint dapat menjadi salah satu sumber pendapatan yang ramah lingkungan dan bernilai ekonomi serta layak dikembangkan. Mitra kegiatan ini yaitu KWT Paguyuban Petani Al-Barokah, dengan jumlah peserta pelatihan 28 orang. Tujuan dari pelatihan ecoprint adalah para anggota akan berperan aktif dalam menjaga lingkungan dan bermuara pada peningkatan kreativitas dan pendapatan. Pelatihan dilakukan di Sekretariat Paguyuban Petani Al-Barokah Desa Ketapang, Kecamatan Susukan, Kabupaten Semarang. Metode pelatihan yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan praktik. Sumber bahan baku ecoprint diperoleh dari lingkungan sekitar berupa daun dan bunga dari beragam tumbuhan yang dapat mengeluarkan pigmen warna/mengandung pewarna alam seperti jati, jarak, dll. Peserta tampak antusias dengan kegiatan ini dan merasa senang dan tertarik untuk memperdalam keterampilan ecoprint di masa mendatang. Peserta memperoleh pengetahuan dasar tentang ecoprint dan dapat menghasilkan produk kain dengan motif khas ecoprint.Abstract: Nowadays, clothing is not only a primary need, but has also become part of the lifestyle. Ecoprint is a method for coloring or making motifs on fabrics that are currently popular in public. Ecoprint process was environmentally friendly and the product has a high value, thus it has potency to be income source. Farmer’s women’s group Al-Barokah Farmers Association was the partner in this community services, in total there were 28 women who involve in this activity. The goal of the ecoprint training was that the members shows an active role in protecting the environment and lead to increased their creativity and income. The training was conducted at Secretariat of the Al-Barokah Farmers Association in Ketapang Village, Susukan District, Semarang Regency. The training method that used was lecture and practice. The source of ecoprint raw materials was obtained from the surrounding environment in the form of leaves and flowers of perennial plants which can secrete color pigments/contain natural dyes such as teak, jatropha, etc. Participants seemed enthusiastic about this activity and interested in deepening their ecoprint skills near future. Participants acquired ecoprint basic knowledge and able to produce ecoprint fabric.

This study aims to (1) describe the application of Kahoot in learning Indonesian, (2) describing student responses based on the reflection rubric on the application of Kahoot in learning Indonesian. The method used is a combination method with a descriptive research type through a qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the application of Kahoot In learning Indonesian, it is carried out through three stages of activity, namely the initial, core and final activities of learning. Student responses based on the reflection rubric on the application of Kahoot in learning Indonesian in the Agree and Strongly Agree categories, said that the appearance was attractive, easy to use, learning became easy to understand, and there was an increase in students’ motivation and interest in learning.

Handling election violations abroad is one of the determinants of the quality of elections in Indonesia. With the rise of cases that occurred abroad during the 2019 general election, it is hoped that this will be a lesson to make an ideal design for handling election violations abroad in 2024. This research is executed differently from existing or previous research, for Example “The novelty of this research will make a significant contribution to determining the means, size, and function of the parliamentary threshold in the legislative election.” The conclusions of the research show that first, the urgency of handling election violations abroad to create order and peace, protect constitutional rights and uphold justice. Second, to realize the ideal design for handling election violations abroad in 2024, it is carried out increasing the number of members of the Overseas General Elections Supervisory committee from 3 to 5 people, making changes to Article 112 letter c, Article 507 of the Election Law, Article 13 paragraph (4) of the Regulation of General Elections Supervisory Agency Number 7 of 2018 and Article 60 paragraph (1) of the Regulation of General Elections Supervisory Agency Number 8 of 2018, and changing the paradigm of law enforcement from compliance level to internalization of legal Compliance in the 2024 elections.

Urban development and increasing population impact improving the demand for non-agricultural land. Through the issuance of Law No. 41 of 2009 concerning the Protection of Sustainable Food Agricultural Land, the government has attempted to reduce the conversion rate of agricultural land by protecting paddy fields that are considered the potential for food supply. This study aims to examine the impact of the transformation of agricultural land to non-agricultural land on food security and the implementation of the of Law No. 41 of 2009. The research method used is survey and descriptive. The focus of discussion includes population growth, land change, land area, harvested area, production and food availability needs data. The data was gathered from field observations, interviews and a literature study. The results showed that the average decrease in paddy fields in the last three years was 98.87 ha. The population density in Sleman Regency is classified as high. In 2018 to 2019 the population density increased by 22.88 people km-2. In 2019 to 2020 the population density decreased by 163.35 people km-2. In 2018 to 2019 rice productivity increased by 625 tons ha-1, although harvested area and production have declined. There is no correlation between the location of paddy fields, population and rice productivity. The food security condition in Sleman Regency is generally stable, but the site of paddy fields that continues to decrease yearly must still be a concern.

This study aims to analyze the disciplinary character of post-covid-19 students with objects at Lemahputro 1 Sidoarjo State Elementary School. The research approach uses qualitative research with the type of case study. The research subjects were 5 students and 1 class teacher. Subject selection is based on the consideration that the subject is the perpetrator who carries out the discipline. Collecting research data using the method of observation, interviews, and documentation. Then analyzed using the Miles model analysis technique with the stages of data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or data verification. The results of the study that the disciplined character of post-covid-19 elementary school students showed some indications that subjects still tended to be less disciplined in the habit of arriving on time when entering class, using attributes, paying less attention to when the teacher explained the material, collecting and doing assignments according to the specified time and lacking discipline. on the use of good and correct language rules. The disciplined character of post-covid-19 elementary school students can be seen in class picket activities, throwing trash in its place, and attending ceremonies

This type of research is explanatory research, the approach used is a quantitative approach with a total sample of 44 teachers. The objectives of this study are 1). To test and analyze the simultaneous influence of education, training and teaching experience on the professionalism of teachers at SMA Negeri I Torjun, Sampang Regency. 2). To test and analyze the partial influence of education, training and teaching experience on the professionalism of teachers at SMA Negeri I Torjun, Sampang Regency. 3.) To test and analyze the variables between education, training and teaching experience that have a dominant influence on the professionalism of teachers at SMA Negeri I Torjun, Sampang Regency. The results showed that 1.) Education, training and teaching experience simultaneously had a significant influence on teacher professionalism at SMA Negeri I Torjun, Sampang Regency. 2.) Education, training and teaching experience partially have a significant influence on teacher professionalism in SMA Negeri I Torjun, Sampang Regency. 3.). Teaching experience has a dominant influence on teacher professionalism at SMA Negeri I Torjun, Sampang Regenc

AbstractIslamic boarding schools are pedagogical institutions that have strong historical value. In the historical track record of the archipelago, the role of pesantren in maintaining and fighting for the value of love for the homeland is very important. Likewise, at the Al-Munawwir Islamic Boarding School, Complex R, pesantren as an educational institution is highly expected to play a role in growing and studying and implementing civic disposition. The purpose of this study is to the methods and factors that influence, as well as the forms of strengthening the civic disposition in a private and public character. Types of qualitative research. Data collection techniques were carried out with observational studies, documentation, and interviews. The results obtained are an important role in strengthening the civic disposition of students through the methods used, namely the lecture method, advice method, habituation method and exemplary method. Then the influencing factors are internal factors (oneself and habit) and external factors (family, community, ustaz, education and environment). Forms of strengthening private and public character are given in Islamic boarding schools by caregivers, the community and ustaz/ustazah.------------AbstrakPondok pesantren merupakan lembaga pedagogik yang memiliki nilai historis kuat. Dalam rekam jejak sejarah nusantara, peran pesantren dalam memelihara dan memperjuangkan nilai cinta tanah air sangat penting. Begitu juga di Pondok Pesantren Al-Munawwir Komplek R, pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan sangat diharapkan perannya dalam menumbuhkan dan mempelajari serta menerapkan civic disposition. Tujuan penelitian ini mengenai metode dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi, serta bentuk-bentuk penguatan watak kewarganegaraan pada karakter privat dan publik. Jenis penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah peranan penting dalam penguatan watak kewarganegaraan santri melalui metode yang digunakan yakni metode ceramah, metode nasehat, metode pembiasaan dan metode keteladanan. Kemudian faktor yang mempengaruhi yakni faktor internal (diri sendiri dan habit) dan faktor eksternal (keluarga, masyayikh, ustaz, pendidikan dan lingkungan). Bentuk-bentuk penguatan karakter privat dan publik diberikan di pondok pesantren oleh pengasuh, masyayikh dan ustaz/ustazah.