A beam halo collimator was installed at the Accelerator Test Facility ATF2 in the spring of 2016. The main objective of the collimator is the reduction of background photons that limit the performance of key diagnostic devices around the Interaction Point, especially the Shintake Monitor, used for measuring the nanometer level vertical beam sizes, and the vertical and horizontal Diamond Sensors, used for transverse beam halo measurements. In this paper we present the simulations performed to optimize the efficiency of the collimator as well as the wakefield study performed in order to optimize the geometry and material of the collimator jaws. Finally, measurements of the cleaning efficiency and of the collimator induced wakefields impact on the orbit, performed during the Spring and Fall 2016 runs, are presented and compared with simulations.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development at CERN. Following the CLIC conceptual design published in 2012, this report provides an overview of the CLIC project, its current status, and future developments. It presents the CLIC physics potential and reports on design, technology, and implementation aspects of the accelerator and the detector. CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, respectively. CLIC uses a two-beam acceleration scheme, in which 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current drive beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments and system tests have resulted in an increased energy efficiency (power around 170 MW) for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate at the level of 6 billion CHF. The detector concept has been refined using improved software tools. Significant progress has been made on detector technology developments for the tracking and calorimetry systems. A wide range of CLIC physics studies has been conducted, both through full detector simulations and parametric studies, together providing a broad overview of the CLIC physics potential. Each of the three energy stages adds cornerstones of the full CLIC physics programme, such as Higgs width and couplings, top-quark properties, Higgs self-coupling, direct searches, and many precision electroweak measurements. The interpretation of the combined results gives crucial and accurate insight into new physics, largely complementary to LHC and HL-LHC. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start by 2026. First beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a broad CLIC physics programme spanning 25-30 years.

The high luminosity requirement for a future linear collider sets a demanding limit on the beam quality at the Interaction Point (IP). One potential source of luminosity loss is the motion of the ground itself. The resulting misalignments of the quadrupole magnets cause distortions to the beam orbit and hence an increase in the beam emittance. This paper describes a technique for compensating this orbit distortion by using seismometers to monitor the misalignment of the quadrupole magnets in real-time. The first demonstration of the technique was achieved at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF) at KEK in Japan. The feed-forward system consisted of a seismometer-based quadrupole motion monitoring system, an FPGA-based feed- forward processor and a stripline kicker plus associated electronics. Through the application of a kick calculated from the position of a single quadruple, the system was able to remove about 80% of the component of the beam jitter that was correlated to the motion of the quadrupole. As a significant fraction of the orbit jitter in the ATF final focus is due to sources other than quadrupole misalignment, this amounted to an approximately 15% reduction in the absolute beam jitter.

A beam position monitor (BPM) with the nanometer-scale position resolution and the decay time of approximately 20 ns is developed as an interaction point BPM, to verify the nanometer stabilization of the International Linear Collider beam trains at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). The developed low-Q cavity BPM consists of a one-cell sensor cavity and a one-cell reference cavity. An electronic system is developed, based on the beam test results, to process the signals from the BPM. The beam position resolution of the low-Q cavity BPM with the electronics system is measured at the ATF2 beam line of KEK, and the results of the beam tests conducted on the developed low-Q cavity-type BPM are described.

A nanometer beam size at the interaction point (IP) is required for future linear colliders to achieve the desired rate of particle collisions. KEK Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2), a scaled down implementation of the linear collider beam delivery system, serves for demonstrating the feasibility of the final focus system (FFS). An unprecedented low vertical beam size at the IP of about 40 nm has been already measured in ATF2 using the optics with a nominal ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{y}^{*}$. In our study we decrease the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{y}^{*}$ value in order to investigate the performance of more chromatic optics and to study the limits of beam focusing at the IP. Stronger beam focusing amplifies the aberrations from the final focus imperfections which cause an increase of the beam size at the IP. Simulations show that the multipolar errors and final doublet fringe fields spoil the IP beam sizes for ultralow ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{y}^{*}$ optics but can be mitigated either by increasing the value of the horizontal ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{*}$ or installing a pair of octupole magnets. We report on our first experimental steps towards the ultralow ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{y}^{*}$ in ATF2. New methods for the beam diagnostics at the IP were developed in order to precisely set the desired optics. ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{y}^{*}$ value was half the nominal value. The beam tuning was performed and the measured beam size is compared with the simulation results.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a multi-TeV high-luminosity linear e+e- collider under development. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in a staged approach with three centre-of-mass energy stages ranging from a few hundred GeV up to 3 TeV. The first stage will focus on precision Standard Model physics, in particular Higgs and top-quark measurements. Subsequent stages will focus on measurements of rare Higgs processes, as well as searches for new physics processes and precision measurements of new states, e.g. states previously discovered at LHC or at CLIC itself. In the 2012 CLIC Conceptual Design Report, a fully optimised 3 TeV collider was presented, while the proposed lower energy stages were not studied to the same level of detail. This report presents an updated baseline staging scenario for CLIC. The scenario is the result of a comprehensive study addressing the performance, cost and power of the CLIC accelerator complex as a function of centre-of-mass energy and it targets optimal physics output based on the current physics landscape. The optimised staging scenario foresees three main centre-of-mass energy stages at 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV for a full CLIC programme spanning 22 years. For the first stage, an alternative to the CLIC drive beam scheme is presented in which the main linac power is produced using X-band klystrons.

Wakefields are an important factor in accelerator design, and are a real concern when preserving the low beam emittance in modern machines. Charge dependent beam size growth has been observed at the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF2), a test accelerator for future linear collider beam delivery systems. Part of the explanation of this beam size growth is wakefields. In this paper we present numerical calculations of the wakefields produced by several types of geometrical discontinuities in the beam line as well as tracking simulations to estimate the induced effects. We also discuss precision beam kick measurements performed with the ATF2 cavity beam position monitor system for a test wakefield source in a movable section of the vacuum chamber. Using an improved model independent method we measured a wakefield kick for this movable section of about $0.49\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{pC}/\mathrm{mm}$, which, compared to the calculated value from electromagnetic simulations of $0.41\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{pC}/\mathrm{mm}$, is within the systematic error.

A nanometer beam size in the interaction point (IP) is required in case of future linear colliders for achieving the desired rate of particle collisions. KEK Accelerator Test Facility (ATF2), a scaled down implementation of the beam delivery system (BDS), serves for investigating the limits of electron beam focusing at the interaction point. The goal of the ultra-low β study is to lower the IP vertical beam size by lowering the β y value while keeping the β ∗ x value unchanged. Good control over the beam optics is therefore required. The first experience with low β optics revealed a mismatch between the optics designed in the model with respect to the beam parameters observed in the experiment. Additionally, existing methods of beam parameters characterization at the IP were biased with high uncertainties making it difficult to set the desired optics. In this paper we report on the new method introduced in ATF2 for IP beam parameters characterization which gives a good control over the applied optics and makes the ultra-low β study possible to conduct. It can be also used for verifying the performance of some of the existing beam instrumentation devices.

A single vertical beam halo collimation system has been installed in the ATF2 beamline to reduce the background that could limit the precision of the diagnostics located in the post-IP beamline. On this paper the commissioning and first performance studies of a single vertical beam halo collimation system are reported. Furthermore realistic efficiency studies have been done using the simulation code BDSIM and compared with the first experimental tests.

The understanding and control of the transverse beam halo distributions is an important issue to reduce sources of background noise in Future Linear Colliders (FLC) and specifically at ATF2. A realistic model of the beam halo in the old extraction line of the ATF damping ring was obtained in 2005, based on wire scanner measurements. Recently, new measurements were done in the new extraction line of ATF2, using both wire scanners, in 2013, and Optical Transition Radiation monitors (OTR), in 2014. The beam halo propagation through the ATF2 beamline by means of tracking simulations has been investigated using as input a purely Gaussian and uniform beam halo model.

The feasibility and efficiency of a transverse beam halo collimation system for reducing the background in the ATF2 beamline has been studied in simulations. In this paper the design and construction of a retractable transverse beam halo collimator device is presented. The wakefield inducedimpact of a realistic mechanical prototype has been studied with CST PS, as well as the wakefield beam dynamics impact by using the tracking code PLACET.

A novel scheme for the focusing of high-energy leptons in future linear colliders was proposed in 2001 [P. Raimondi and A. Seryi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3779 (2001)]. This scheme has many advantageous properties over previously studied focusing schemes, including being significantly shorter for a given energy and having a significantly better energy bandwidth. Experimental results from the ATF2 accelerator at KEK are presented that validate the operating principle of such a scheme by demonstrating the demagnification of a 1.3 GeVelectron beam down to below 65 nm in height using an energy-scaled version of the compact focusing optics designed for the ILC collider.

The Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) aims to test the novel chromaticity correction scheme which is implemented in the final focus systems of future linear colliders such as the International Linear Collider (ILC) and the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). The ATF2 nominal and ultralow beta* lattices are designed to vertically focus the beam at the focal point, or usually referred to as interaction point (IP), down to 37 and 23 nm, respectively. The vertical chromaticities of the nominal and ultralow beta* lattices are comparable to those of ILC and CLIC, respectively. When the measured multipole components of the ATF2 magnets are considered in the simulations, the evaluated spot sizes at the IP are well above the design values. In this paper we describe the analysis of the high order aberrations that allows identifying the sources of the observed beam size growth. In order to recover the design spot sizes three solutions are considered, namely final doublet replacement, octupole insertion, and optics modification. Concerning the future linear collider projects, the consequences of magnetic field errors of the focusing quadrupole magnet of the final doublet are also addressed.

Model-independent analysis (MIA) methods are generally useful for analysing complex systems in which relationships between the observables are non-trivial and noise is present.Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is one of MIA methods allowing to isolate components in the input data graded to their contribution to the variability of the data.In this publication we show how the PCA can be applied to digitised signals obtained from a cavity beam position monitor (CBPM) system on the example of a 3-cavity test system installed at the Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) at KEK in Japan.We demonstrate that the PCA based method can be used to extract beam position information, and matches conventional techniques in terms of performance, while requiring considerably less settings and data for calibration.

Ground motion is a severe problem for many particle accelerators, since it excites beam oscillations, which decrease the beam quality and create beam-beam offset (at colliders). Orbit feedback systems can only compensate ground motion effects at frequencies significantly smaller than the beam repetition rate. In linear colliders, where the repetition rate is low, additional counter measures have to be put in place. For this reason, a ground motion mitigation method based on feed-forward control is presented in this paper. It has several advantages compared to other techniques (stabilization systems and intratrain feedback systems) such as cost reduction and potential performance improvement. An analytical model is presented that allows the derivation of hardware specification and performance estimates for a specific accelerator and ground motion model. At the Accelerator Test Facility (ATF2), ground motion sensors have been installed to verify the feasibility of important parts of the mitigation strategy. In experimental studies, it has been shown that beam excitations due to ground motion can be predicted from ground motion measurements on a pulse-to-pulse basis. Correlations of up to 80% between the estimated and measured orbit jitter have been observed. Additionally, an orbit jitter source was identified and has been removed, which halved the orbit jitter power at ATF2 and shows that the feed-forward scheme is also very useful for the detection of installation issues. We believe that the presented mitigation method has the potential to reduce costs and improve the performance of linear colliders and potentially other linear accelerators.

The Accelerator Test Facility 2 (ATF2) aims to test the novel chromaticity correction for higher chromaticity lattices as the one of CLIC. To this end the ATF2 ultra-low ß* lattice is designed to vertically focus the beam at the focal point or usually referred to as interaction point (IP), down to 23 nm. However when the measured multipole components of the ATF2 magnets are considered in the simulations, the evaluated spot sizes at the IP are well above the design value. The designed spot size is effectively recovered by inserting a pair of octupole magnets. In this note we address the technical specifications required for these octupole magnets.

An ultra high position resolution cavity BPM was developed for the final focus system of ATF2, which is a accelerator test facility for ILC final focus system [1]. The main purpose of ATF2 are achievement of 37 nm beam size and nano-meter beam orbit stability at IP(Interaction Point). For these purposes, a few nano meter beam position resolution was required for this cavity BPM, which is called the low-Q IP-BPM [2]. Three low-Q IP-BPMs were fabricated, the first block consists of two cavities in one block and second block consists of single cavity. Low-Q IP-BPM can measure beam position in vertical and horizontal independently by using rectangular shape single cavity. Three low-Q IP-BPMs were installed at ATF IP region inside IP-chamber, and its position resolution was measured. We will present the detailed results on the beam tests.