Dieser Artikel erörtert Möglichkeiten der Gestaltung authentischer, kompetenzorientierter Online-Prüfungen jenseits bisher etablierter Aufgabenformate. Es werden Lösungen für die Gestaltung von Prüfungsumgebungen vorgestellt, welche einen selektiven und gegen Betrug abgesicherten Zugriff auf Ressourcen wie Software, Dateien, Netzwerke oder Internet ermöglichen. Basierend auf einer Diskussion prüfungsdidaktischer Grundlagen und anhand von Beispielen aus der Praxis an der ETH Zürich wird dargelegt, wie die Verfügbarkeit solcher Ressourcen die unmittelbare und authentische Abbildung von Kompetenzen in Prüfungsaufgaben deutlich vereinfacht – oder überhaupt erst ermöglicht – und damit grundlegend neue Möglichkeiten der Prüfungsgestaltung eröffnet. 09.05.2016 | Tobias Halbherr, Nora Dittmann-Domenichini, Thomas Piendl & Claudia Schlienger (Zürich)

Kompetenzorientiertes Prufen zeichnet sich als eines der grossen, zukunftigen Ausbaufelder im Bereich E-Assessment ab. In den meisten Fachgebieten sind applikationsbasierte Szenarien vorstellbar, die das praxisnahe Uberprufen von Kompetenzen erlauben. Solche Szenarien benotigten bisher spezialisierte und im Allgemeinen aufwandig hergestellte Betriebssystem-Setups, um sie sinnvoll in einem Prufungsrahmen anbieten zu konnen. Als besser zu handhabende Losung bietet sich der Einsatz virtueller Desktops im Rahmen einer virtuellen Desktop Infrastruktur (VDI) der Hochschule an.

Im Folgenden wird der an der ETH Zurich entwickelte Safe Exam Brower (SEB) beschrieben, mit dem an der Hochschule Online-Prufungen durchgefuhrt werden. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Open-Source-Software, die einen hohen Sicherheitsstandard bei computerbasierten Prufungsformen garantiert und einen wesentlichen Beitrag fur eine erleichterte Organisation und rechtlich abgesicherte Umsetzung von anspruchsvollen Online-Prufungsszenarien liefert. Die Darstellung von Fallbeispielen und den daraus gewonnenen Erfahrungen soll zudem verdeutlichen, dass mit dem SEB eine schlanke Applikation fur die Umsetzung von Online-Prufungen vorhanden ist, die ohne grossen Aufwand in unterschiedlichen Anwendungsfeldern sowie anderen Hochschulen genutzt werden kann. (DIPF/Orig.)

In this chapter we provide a set of different protocols for the ultrastructural analysis of amphibian (Xenopus, axolotl) tissues, mostly of embryonic origin. For Xenopus these methods include: (1) embedding gastrulae and tailbud embryos into Spurr's resin for TEM, (2) post-embedding labeling of methacrylate (K4M) and cryosections through adult and embryonic epithelia for correlative LM and TEM, and (3) pre-embedding labeling of embryonic tissues with silver-enhanced nanogold. For the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) we present the following methods: (1) SEM of migrating neural crest (NC) cells; (2) SEM and TEM of extracellular matrix (ECM) material; (3) Cryo-SEM of extracellular matrix (ECM) material after cryoimmobilization; and (4) TEM analysis of hyaluronan using high-pressure freezing and HABP labeling. These methods provide exemplary approaches for a variety of questions in the field of amphibian development and regeneration, and focus on cell biological issues that can only be answered with fine structural imaging methods, such as electron microscopy.

Since 2006, the Bologna model is fully implemented in the Geomatics program at ETH Zurich with a Bachelor and a Master course. Lectures and courses had to be newly defined, and additionally, a project was started in order to enhance namely two lectures, Fundamentals of Photogrammetry and Fundamentals of Remote Sensing, by means of E- Learning tools. These tools are not meant to substitute traditional contact education, such as exercises and lectures, but to provide the students useful information and learning methods in order to deepen and audit their knowledge in an attractive way. In the frame of the EyeLearn project, started in August 2006, a virtual learning environment will be deployed. For efficient generation, management and update of the provided contents, the environment will be placed in a Learning Management System (LMS). The LMS is maintained and provided by NET (Network for Educational Technology), the E-Learning Competence Center of ETH Zurich and the Single Sign-On Authentication and Authorization Infrastructure (AAI) of SWITCH is used. AAI allows students to access e-learning systems at multiple Swiss universities with a single login. On this well defined platform we integrate a pilot learning module. We focus on parts from lecture Fundamentals of Remote Sensing and define this module as the core for ongoing development. Beyond the lecture scripts, exercise information, useful links to Web resources, which was provided for our lectures since years, the content will also consist of videos (e.g. for introduction), quizzes and interactive applets which are suited to clarify complex topics, e.g. the influence of orbit and sensor parameters of earth observation satellites on the characteristics of the images. In the paper, we will describe the concepts and software tools that are used at ETH for developing learning modules and the concrete plans and so-far implementation for the two courses listed above.

Mitochondrial inclusion bodies are often described in skeletal muscle of patients suffering diseases termed mitochondrial myopathies. A major component of these structures was discovered as being creatine kinase. Similar creatine kinase enriched inclusion bodies in the mitochondria of creatine depleted adult rat cardiomyocytes have been demonstrated. Structurally similar inclusion bodies are observed in mitochondria of ischemic and creatine depleted rat skeletal muscle. This paper describes the various methods for inducing mitochondrial inclusion bodies in rodent skeletal muscle, and compares their effects on muscle metabolism to the metabolic defects of mitochondrial myopathy muscle. We fed rats with a creatine analogue guanidino propionic acid and checked their soled for mitochondrial inclusion bodies, with the electron microscope. The activity of creatine kinase was analysed by measuring creatine stimulated oxidative phosphorylation in soleus skinned fibres using an oxygen electrode . The guanidino propionic acid-rat soleus mitochondria displayed no creatine stimulation, whereas control soleus did, even though the GPA soled had a five fold increase in creatine kinase protein per mitochondrial protein. The significance of these results in light of their relevance to human mitochondrial myopathies and the importance of altered muscle metabolism in the formation of these crystalline structures are discussed. (Mol Cell Biochem 174: 283–289, 1997)