目的:观察小儿宝泰康颗粒对流感病毒感染细胞的抑制作用.方法:通过细胞培养技术观察不同浓度的小儿宝泰康颗粒对Madin-Darby犬肾(MDCK)细胞的细胞毒性作用,采用MTT法并结合CPE法检测细胞成活率和病毒抑制率,计算药物的抗病毒指数TI,以利巴韦林作为阳性对照药物,评价该药物对甲、乙型流感病毒的抗病毒活性.结果:小儿宝泰康颗粒对MDCK细胞的半数细胞毒性浓度(CC50)为5.6 mg/mL,对甲型H1 N1流感病毒感染MDCK细胞的半数有效浓度(EC50)为2.1 mg/mL,而对乙型流感病毒的EC50为1.44 mg/mL,抗病毒指数分别为2.64和3.89.在阳性对照药物实验中,利巴韦林在200μg/mL时,对甲、乙型流感病毒的抑制率均达到70％以上.结论:小儿宝泰康颗粒是一种对不同型流感病毒感染有抗病毒作用的药物,有临床应用前景和进一步研究的价值.

Developing a cheap and high-efficiency oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is vitally important for high-performance metal-air and full cell batteries. Non-noble iron-nitrogen-carbon materials (Fe-N-C) are reported with outstanding ORR property. However, most of them needs complex acid etching procedure during the fabrication process. Herein, we report a simple route to obtain a cost-effective Fe-N-C electrocatalyst via a facile two-step polymerization-pyrolysis process, and no acid etching is involved. Through a conjunction process of phthalocyanine iron (FePc) with polypyrrole (PPy) and a followed pyrolysis step, atomically evenly dispersed Fe-N-C species on nitrogen doped carbon can be easily obtained. Predictably, the obtained optimal catalyst delivers a half-wave potential of 0.83 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and better stability toward ORR test. Based on the optimal Fe single atomic catalyst as air cathode, an all-solid-state flexible Zn-air battery delivers a high open circuit voltage of 1.42 V, a high energy density of 833 Wh kg(-1) and a high power density of 70 mW cm(-2). The superior electrochemical energy storage properties demonstrated by the Fe-N-C electrocatalyst show a bright window for reasonable construction of cost-effective non-noble Fe single atom electrocatalysts for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.

Efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are urgently required to produce renewable clean H-2 fuel. However, developing low-cost, highly active, stable, and pH-universal HER catalysts remains a big challenge. Here, a facile solution route is carried out to construct single-atom tungsten-doped CoP nanoarrays (W-CoP) from metal organic frameworks, which can be directly used as a binder-free, high-activity, and robust pH-universal electrocatalyst toward HER. The W-CoP shows competitive performance compared with the commercial Pt/C, as confirmed by both systematic experimental results and density functional theory calculation. The single-atom W dopant results in full atom utility and tunes the electronic structure of CoP with better activity. As a further demonstration, the W-CoP catalyst also shows a promising property for seawater hydrogen production, holding good potential for real application.

Iron oxides have been widely recognized in the energy storage field, owing to the high theoretical capacitance, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the intrinsic poor electrical conductivities have significantly hindered their practical applications. The rational design of the conductive supports is considered an efficient approach to solve the issues. In this work, a three-dimensional composite structure of the Fe2O3 nanoneedles grown on N-doped porous carbon nanoarrays that are derived from a metal-organic framework on carbon cloth (N-C/CC) is designed. The in situ formed N-C/CC nanoarrays substrate not only exhibits desirable conductivity, but also possesses increased diffusion channels and high mechanical flexibility. Thanks to the unique structure, the Fe2O3@N-C/CC composite exhibits a high specific capacitance of 183.3 mF cm(-2) at 3 mA cm(-2) and excellent cycling stability with 82.7% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at 5 mA cm(-2). Moreover, a quasi-solid-state hybrid supercapacitor is assembled using Fe2O3@N-C/CC as an anode and NiO@N-C/CC as a cathode, and the device delivers a high energy density of 14.1 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 1500 W kg(-1). This work demonstrates a different route to develop three-dimensional nanoarray materials for energy storage.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived nanoarrays have been widely used as electrode materials in energy storage applications with the unique morphology and large specific surface area. Herein, we report a series of N-doped carbon arrays embedded with different metal compounds (noted as NC@Co3O4, NC@CoSe2 and NC@CoS2), which have been derived from a Co-based MOF through simple fabrication processes. The resulted structures have high surface-to-volume ratio and short charge-transfer paths in electrochemical reactions, which greatly benefit the energy storage performance. An asymmetric supercapacitor of NC@CoS2//Co-NC@Fe2O3 is also demonstrated, which has a power density up to 23.5 kW/kg and illustrates good cycling stability after long-time rapid charging and discharging. This work demonstrates a promising way to develop MOF-derived nanoarrays for flexible energy storage devices.

The exploitation of economic, highly active, and perdurable electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over the entire pH range is required for production of hydrogen energy. Hence,...

The exploration of cost-efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are imperative in the field of sustainable energy development process. In this work, NiMoO4 with different doping levels of aluminum stoichiometry are synthesized (named as Al-NiMoO4-rods, Al-NiMoO4-sheets) by a simple one-step hydrothermal method. Doping of aluminum leads to the changes of structure for material, which increases the number of active sites and conductivity, and more gas channels are beneficial to facilitate the release of gas to achieve the purpose of improving electrochemical performance. Benefiting from the good electrochemical conductivity and structural stability, the Al-NiMoO4-rods can achieve good performance of HER activity, with an overpotential of 131 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and OER activity with an overpotential of 259 mV at the current density of 50 mA cm(-2) and small Tafel slopes of 82 mV dec(-1) and 117 mV dec(-1), respectively, outperforming the comparative samples. The results of this investigation show that Al play an important role in determin-ing the structure and electrochemical properties of Al-NiMoO4-rods, which can serve as an efficient and bifunctional electrocatalyst. (c) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oxygen vacancy is a feasible approach to boost the electrochemical properties for metal oxides. In this work, a Co3O4 with abundant oxygen vacancy is synthesized via aldehyde reduction. After the procedure, the reduced Co3O4 exhibits larger electrochemical active surface areas and better electrical conductivity. These outstanding characteristics can improve its performance of catalytic and energy storage. As for catalyst of oxygen evolution reaction, the reduced Co3O4 delivers a smaller potential of 1.55 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode to realize a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and a lower Tafel slope of 71 mV dec(-1) in alkaline solution, and these values are smaller than those of pristine Co3O4. Especially the reduced Co3O4 possesses superior stability: the measurements of the polarization curves before and after 15h of stability tests basically coincide. In a supercapacitor, the positive electrode of reduced Co3O4 achieves about 1.7 times areal capacitance of pristine Co3O4 at current density of 1 mA cm(-2). Significantly, the superior cycling stability is still retained. Also, an aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled to evaluate the energy storage performance of the R-Co3O4. Moreover, the oxygen vacancy formation strategy for Co3O4 may be generally extended to other metal oxides for application in energy storage and conversion.

As one of the highly contagious forms, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) commonly caused severe genital diseases and closely referred to the HIV infection. The lack of effective vaccines and drug-resistance proclaimed the preoccupation for alternative antiviral agents against HSV-2. Molecules bearing indole nucleus presented diverse biological properties involving antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, one of the indole molecules, arbidol derivative (ARD) was designed and synthesized prior to the evaluation of its anti-HSV-2 activity. Our data showed that the ARD effectively suppressed HSV-2-induced cytopathic effects and the generation of progeny virus, with 50% effective concentrations of 3.386 and 1.717 μg/mL, respectively. The results of the time-course assay suggested that the ARD operated in a dual antiviral way by interfering virus entry and impairing the earlier period of viral cycle during viral DNA synthesis. The ARD-mediated HSV-2 inhibition was partially attained by blocking NF-κB pathways and down-regulating the expressions of several inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, in vivo studies showed that oral administration of ARD protected BALB/c mice from intravaginal HSV-2 challenge by alleviating serious vulval lesions and histopathological changes in the target organs. Besides, the treatment with ARD also made the levels of viral protein, NF-κB protein and inflammatory cytokines lower, in consistent with the in-vitro studies. Collectively, ARD unveiled therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of HSV-2 infections.

目的:评价穿心莲内酯及其衍生物(XYP-1、XYP-2及XYP-3)抑制柯萨奇病毒B3型(CVB3)感染MA104细胞的效果.方法:采用MTT法检测3种中药注射液对MA-104细胞的细胞毒性,并通过感染阻断、直接杀伤、增殖抑制3种不同作用方式评价药物对CVB3感染细胞的体外抗病毒效果.结果:穿心莲内酯及其衍生物在阻断病毒感染细胞作用中,对CVB3的治疗指数(TI)分别为15.29,6.76,1.86;在阻止病毒增殖抑制作用中,对CVB3的TI分别为20.00,50.00,1.67;在直接杀伤病毒作用中,对CVB3的TI分别为7.65,25.00,1.83.结论:穿心莲内酯及其衍生物在不同作用方式下,对CVB3病毒具有不同程度的抑制效果,XYP-1主要阻断病毒的感染并抑制病毒增殖,XYP-2则能抑制病毒增殖并对病毒有杀伤作用,而XYP-3抗病毒效果较差.

Water splitting is a vital reaction for the storage of renewable energy, which requires highly active and steady catalysts to produce hydrogen and oxygen. While the development of efficiently stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for the simultaneous production of hydrogen and oxygen remains challenge. Herein, we show a simple multi-step process to prepare porous CuCo2S4/NiCo2S4 core-shell materials directly as bifunctional electrocatalyst electrodes for water splitting. The porous NiCo2S4-sheets combined with CuCo2S4-rods on nickel foam not only can provide for more active sites and higher specific surface area, but also maintain their structural integrity. At a current density of 10 mA cm(-2), the CuCo2S4/NiCo2S4 core-shell electrodes deliver lower overpotentials of 271 mV and 206 mV for the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction, respectively. The CuCo2S4/NiCo2S4 core-shell electrodes are successfully used as bifunctional electrocatalyst towards overall water splitting and showed overpotential of 1.66 V at the current density of 10 mA cm(-2). A approximate to 97% current density retention for 50 h is represented which illustrates the superior stability of this electrode material and water splitting device. Subsequently, a water splitting process is demonstrated using electrochemical cell based on CuCo2S4/NiCo2S4 core-shell electrodes driven by a perovskite solar cell module. H-2 and O-2 are generated. Our work here demonstrates the possibility of wide application of catalytic material to produce clean energy driven by perovskite solar cell. The work also illustrates the potential applications of CuCo2S4/NiCo2S4 core-shell nanometer materials for clean energy generation. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ni2P nanosheets were fabricated on carbon fiber using the hydrothermal method and subsequent phosphatization process. The highly conductive Ni2P nanosheet arrays could not only facilitate electron transport but also shorten the ion diffusion path. The in-situ grown Ni2P nanosheet arrays could be applied as the cathode in Zn battery without any additives and binder. The Ni2P/ /Zn battery based on Ni2P nanosheet arrays and metal Zn electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, such as high operating voltage (1.78 V), specific capacity of 231 mAh g(-1), and energy density of 318 Wh Kg(-1). In addition, the Ni2P/ /Zn battery can maintain a specific capacity retention similar to 80% after 1500 continuous cycles. In view of the excellent electrochemical properties of Ni2P/ /Zn battery, the Ni2P will be a potential material for next-generation energy storage devices.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), an enveloped DNA virus, plays a key role in varieties of diseases including recurrent cold sores, keratoconjunctivitis, genital herpes and encephalitis in humans. Great efforts have been made in developing more effective and less side-effects anti-herpes simplex virus agents, including traditional Chinese herbal medicines. In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of Rheum tanguticum nanoparticles against HSV-1 in vitro and in vivo. R. tanguticum nanoparticles could inactivate the HSV-1 virions and block the viral attachment and entry into cells. Time-ofaddition assay indicated that R. tanguticum nanoparticles could interfere with the entire phase of viral replication. Besides, R. tanguticum nanoparticles showed the ability to inhibit the mRNA expression of HSV-1 immediate early gene ICP4 and early gene ICP8 as well as the expression of viral protein ICP4 and ICP8. Moreover, R. tanguticum nanoparticles have been proved to protect mice against HSV-1 induced lethality by decreasing the viral load and alleviated pathological changes in brain tissues. In conclusion, we demonstrated that R. tanguticum nanoparticles could inhibit HSV-1 infection through multiple mechanisms. These results suggest that R. tanguticum nanoparticles may have novel roles in the treatment of HSV-1 infection.

Rational construction of three dimensional (3D) composite structure is an important method to flexible supercapacitor electrodes and has been extensively developed. In this work, a 3D self-supported CuCo2S4@NiCo2S4 core-shell nanostructure grown on Nickel (Ni) foam, constructed by a hydrothermal method, was used as a novel supercapacitor electrode material. The unique structure possesses a large, specific surface area, rapid diffusion of electrolyte ions by numerous channels and avoids the use of additives and adhesives. The high electrical conductivity of the CuCo2S4 nanoneedle arrays can speed up electronic transmission. At a current density of 1 A g-1, the electrode material exhibits a high specific capacity of 539.2 C g-1 and cycling stability with 100% capacity retention after 5000 cycles in 3 M KOH. Furthermore, when the obtained CuCo2S4@NiCo2S4 was used as the positive electrode and an activated carbon was used as the negative electrode, a solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled. More importantly, the obtained solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrated excellent electrochemical performance. When the power density was 400 W kg-1, it delivered a high density of 23.4 W h kg-1 with a high voltage window of 1.6 V, thus demonstrating that the material has the potential for use as an efficient electrode for electrochemical capacitors. Due to its comprehensive electrochemical performance, the CuCo2S4@NiCo2S4 solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor effectively operated a red LED.

Bifunctional bamboo-like CoSe2 arrays are synthesized by thermal annealing of Co(CO3)0.5OH grown on carbon cloth in Se atmosphere. The CoSe2 arrays obtained have excellent electrical conductivity, larger electrochemical active surface areas, and can directly serve as a binder-free electrode for supercapacitors and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). When tested as a supercapacitor electrode, the CoSe2 delivers a higher specific capacitance (544.6 F g-1 at current density of 1 mA cm-2) compared with CoO (308.2 F g-1) or Co3O4 (201.4 F g-1). In addition, the CoSe2 electrode possesses excellent cycling stability. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) is also assembled based on bamboo-like CoSe2 as a positive electrode and active carbon as a negative electrode in a 3.0 M KOH aqueous electrolyte. Owing to the unique stucture and good electrochemical performance of bamboo-like CoSe2, the as-assembled ACS can achieve a maximum operating voltage window of 1.7 V, a high energy density of 20.2 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 144.1 W kg-1, and an outstanding cyclic stability. As the catalyst for the OER, the CoSe2 exhibits a lower potential of 1.55 V (versus RHE) at current density of 10 mA cm-2, a smaller Tafel slope of 62.5 mV dec-1 and an also outstanding stability.

A two-step synthetic method is developed for the preparation of ternary CoMoO4/CuO heterostructure on Cu foam as binder-free and high-performance supercapacitor electrode. The synthesis approach involves a simple chemical bath deposition and hydrothermal reaction. CuO nanorods are obtained on Cu foam with chemical bath deposition, and CoMoO4 nanosheets are subsequently grown on as-prepared CuO nanorods to form multi-dimensional CoMoO4/CuO heterostructure by the hydrothermal procedure. The in situ grown CoMoO4/CuO heterostructure could be used as a binder-free supercapacitor electrode. The CoMoO4/CuO heterostructure delivers a significant specific capacitance of 1176 F g−1 under the scan rate of 1 mV s−1, which is distinctly higher than that of the bare CoMoO4 electrode. The galvanostatic charge and discharge tests reveal the CoMoO4/CuO heterostructure electrode has excellent cycle stability, maintaining 95.1% capacitance retention under 2.5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. These superior performances could be original from the unique multi-dimensional CoMoO4/CuO heterostructure which provides more active sites and additional electron transport channels. These results have promoted the potential implementation of multi-dimensional heterostructure for advanced electrochemical capacitors.

Metal selenides have great potential for electrochemical energy storage, but are relatively scarce investigated. Herein, a novel hollow core-branch CoSe2 nanoarray on carbon cloth is designed by a facile selenization reaction of predesigned CoO nanocones. And the electrochemical reaction mechanism of CoSe2 in supercapacitor is studied in detail for the first time. Compared with CoO, the hollow core-branch CoSe2 has both larger specific surface area and higher electrical conductivity. When tested as a supercapacitor positive electrode, the CoSe2 delivers a high specific capacitance of 759.5 F g(-1) at 1 mA cm(-2), which is much larger than that of CoO nanocones (319.5 F g(-1)). In addition, the CoSe2 electrode exhibits excellent cycling stability in that a capacitance retention of 94.5% can be maintained after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at 5 mA cm(-2). An asymmetric supercapacitor using the CoSe2 as cathode and an N-doped carbon nanowall as anode is further assembled, which show a high energy density of 32.2 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 1914.7 W kg(-1), and maintains 24.9 Wh kg(-1) when power density increased to 7354.8 W kg(-1). Moreover, the CoSe2 electrode also exhibits better oxygen evolution reaction activity than that of CoO.

A CoP@Ni(OH)(2) composite with porous nanosheet networks was directly synthesized on carbon cloth, which avoids the usage of any binders and additives. Benefiting from the CoP nanosheet core that could provide fast electron transport pathway and distinctive nano-architecture, this composite achieved a specific capacitance of 1989 F g(-1) at a current density of 2.0 A g(-1), good rate capability and cyclic stability. Furthermore, an aqueous asymmetrical CoP@Ni(OH)(2)//AC supercapacitor (ASC) was also successfully assembled. The ASC device exhibited good electrochemical properties including a 1.8 V potential window, a high specific capacitance of 220 F g(-1) at a current density of 1 A g(-1) and long-term cycling performance. In the meantime, the ASC device also achieved a high energy density of 89.6 Wh kg(-1) at a power density of 0.91 kW kg(-1). These results suggest that nano-architectured CoP@Ni(OH)(2) composite has great potential for application in energy storage device. (c) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Porous CoSe2 on carbon cloth is prepared from a cobalt-based metal organic framework template with etching and selenization reaction, which has both a larger specific surface area and outstanding electrical conductivity. As the catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction, the porous CoSe2 achieves a lower onset potential of 1.48 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a small potential of 1.52 V (vs RHE) at an anodic current density of 10 mA cm-2. Especially, the linear sweep voltammogram curve of the porous CoSe2 is in consist with the initial curve after durability test for 24 h. When tested as an electrode for supercapacitor, it can deliver a specific capacitance of 713.9 F g-1 at current density of 1 mA cm-2 and exhibit excellent cycling stability in that a capacitance retention of 92.4% can be maintained after 5000 charge-discharge cycles at 5 mA cm-2. Our work presents a novel strategy for construction of electrochemical electrode.

Transition metal sulfide nanostructure composites have received significant attention as energy conversion and storage devices. In this work, we report a three-dimension (3D) nanostructure with the Ni9S8 nanorods embedded in oxygen-incorporated MoS2 (O-MoS2) nanosheets for supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution catalysts. The in situ grown Ni9S8/O-MoS2 nanocomposite on carbon cloth can be used as a free binder supercapacitor electrode and hydrogen evolution catalyst. The Ni9S8/O-MoS2 nanocomposite exhibits electrochemical behaviors with a specific capacitance of 907 F g−1 (at 2 A g−1) and good cycle stability after 1200 cycles due to its unique mutual embedding 3D nanostructure. Furthermore, the Ni9S8/O-MoS2 nanocomposite also shows highly electrocatalytic features for hydrogen production with an onset overpotential of ∼150 mV and a low Tafel slope of ∼81 mV dec−1. The oxygen incorporation of MoS2 provides more active sites to participate in the catalytic process for the hydrogen evolution reaction.