Calcium Oxide (CaO) is the best replica of logically plentiful earth metal oxides. CaO nanoparticles include sphere-shaped or faceted elevated surface area and magnetic nanostructured particles. The current study give the information regarding booming synthesis of calcium oxide nanoparticles using calcium chloride as precursor and Annona squamosa seed extract as capping agent. The main goal of using a biological approach to synthesize CaO NPs is to reduce the use of dangerous chemicals in the process, which will be more economical and environmentally friendly. This is the initial time seeds have been utilised for green nanoparticle deposition. The synthesized powder was golden yellow colour. The obtained CaO NPs have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, ultra violet visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red, dynamic light scattering studies. The synthesized samples are applied for phytochemical screening, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, antioxidant and anti-ulcer applications.

The hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a widely utilized as calcium phosphates (CaP)-based biomaterial field in antioxidant agents. However, TiO2 is an inorganic complex that combines excellent mechanical abilities with bioactive features. In this research article, we reported that the HAp-doped TiO2was effectively synthesized by performing the sol-gel technique and structurally analyzed by different analytical approaches. From X-ray diffraction, the average crystalline size of HAp-doped TiO2 is measured to be 44.40 nm and the presence of a hexagonal crystalline phase is noted. The presence of functional group properties such as CH3, OCN, OH, PO and Ca-P for the synthesized sample was characterized by the FT-IR technique. The formation of crystalline phases of the prepared sample with a crystalline size of about 35-45 nm and also elemental composition were analyzed using SEM and EDAX. The maximum electronic transition of HAp/TiO2was identified at 275 nm, which shows the ultraviolet region in the UV-Vis spectrum. The result of the UV-DRS spectrum confirms the visible light region and the optical band gap value of HAp/TiO2 was determined to be 3.99 eV, respectively. The emission spectrum of the synthesized nanocomposite shows the three significant spectral bands in the visible range, in which the very broad or strong near-band-edge emission band in the green region reveals their good optical activity. Furthermore, the cyclic voltammetry, electrons spin resonance and surface area studies were also analyzed and discussed in this research. The XPS study confirmed the presence of Ca, P, Ti and O in the synthesized sample.The morphology size of the prepared nanoparticles was measured to be approximately 25-35 nm using TEM micrograph image. Also, the d-spacing value calculated from HRTEM analysis corresponded to the interplanar of the (2 0 2) phase.The 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazylradical test was utilized to assess the antioxidant activity of the bio-mediated nanocomposites that were created. Finally, the cytotoxicity shows that the HAp/TiO2 material desired to inhibit this significant activity via IC50 was obtained at 19.16 mu g, which maybe a potential bone cancer agent.

Green synthesis is a new, straightforward, environmentally friendly method of creating nanoparticles that is currently receiving interest from the scientific community worldwide. The main objective of this work was to synthesize bio mediated Titanium dioxide and evaluate its antioxidant property. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using selective medicinal plant extracts. Moreover, bio mediated Titanium dioxide nanoparticles was further characterized by X-Ray Diffraction, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis and Antioxidant Activity for analyzing the structural, optical, morphological and antioxidant etc. properties . The X-ray Diffraction pattern reveals the brookite phase of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of the plant extract. UV-Visible spectrometer shows absorption peak of the synthesized samples in the range of 200-800nm. Shape of the nanoparticles are revealed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis indicate the presence of Titanium , Carbon and Oxygen in the prepared samples. All the bio mediated Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exhibited size and dose dependent antioxidant activities. 1-Diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the synthesized bio mediated nanoparaticles.

The scope of this study is to synthesize titanium dioxide nanoparticles by chemical method and to assess their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Titanium isopropoxide was employed as a precursor in the production of the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide. The sample was analyzed using a variety of characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis. Further, their antioxidant and anticancer activities have been investigated. The crystallite size of titanium dioxide nanoparticles was revealed by X-ray diffraction, and the functional groups were confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis reveal the structure of the nanoparticles and the presence of titanium, carbon, and oxygen molecules, respectively. The antioxidant activity indicates that as the concentration of the TiO2 nanoparticles increases, it reaches the activity of ascorbic acid (standard). The sample shows good cytotoxic effect against A549 human lung cancer cell lines.

In this research work, the chemical synthesis and green synthesis of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles using Leucas aspera leaf extract were successfully carried out with titanium isopropoxide as the precursor. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles are widely used in various fields such as biomedical applications (antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, etc.). For the Titanium dioxide nanoparticles thus synthesized using a low-cost and eco-friendly approach, the morphology, crystalline size, functional group and bandgap were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV Spectroscopy techniques and antibacterial applications were carried out by Disc diffusion method.

By using aco-precipitation approach for chemical and green production, zinc oxide nanoparticles were described. Guava leaf was used as a capping agent to create green synthesis after ZnO nanoparticles were created using a chemical co-precipitation approach combined with microwave irradiation. The produced zinc oxide characterized with the various methods of XRD, SEM, FTIR, EDAX and Photocatalyst. The crystal structure of ZnO is revealed via the examination of XRD patterns. Pattern used for the prepared samples of the functional group is FTIR. With the help of SEM and EDAX, Analyses the structural forms and purity of the material were examined. The outcomes are consistent with expected values.

In this work, Triethanolamine-doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical deposition, associated with the microwave irradiation method. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope, X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Ultra Violet - visible spectroscopy, Photo Luminescence Spectroscopy and Antimicrobial Activity. The prepared sample's surface morphology, crystalline size, functional groups, absorbance and band gap, and emission wavelength were calculated. Antimicrobial activity was performed to predict the zone of inhibition of synthesized nanoparticles.

Abstract In this paper, a co-precipitation and thermal breakdown approach was used to create a CuO/SnO nano-composite using CuO, NiO, and SnO as precursors. Sol-gel synthesis was used to create nickel oxide (NiO) nano-particles. The XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis) were used to analyze the nano-composites as-prepared; CuO and SnO have wurtzite crystal structures that are cubic and hexagonal, respectively, as seen by the XRD diffractogram of a CuO/SnO nano-composite. The existence of CuO and SnO was verified by FTIR bands in the CuO/SnO nano-composite. The concept of CuO nano-particles mixed with Hibiscus flower reacted as anti-cancer property.

In the current scenario where more and more products containing nanomaterials are on the technological or pharmaceutical market, it is crucial to have a thorough knowledge of their toxicity before proposing possible applications. A proper analysis of the toxicity of the nanoproducts should include both in vitro and in vivo biological approaches and should consider that the synthesis and purification methods of nanomaterials may affect such toxicity. In the current work, the green synthesis of laminarin embedded ZnO nanoparticles (Lm-ZnO NPs) and their based chitosan capped ZnO nanocomposites (Ch-Lm-ZnO NCmps) is described for the first time. Furthermore, the evaluation of their in vitro cytotoxicity, phytotoxicity, and in vivo (Zebrafish embryo) toxicity was described. First, the green synthesized Lm-ZnO NPs and Ch-Lm-ZnO NCmps were fully physicochemically characterized. Lm-ZnO NPs were greatly agglomerated and had a spindle morphology ranging from 100 to 350 nm, while Ch-Lm-ZnO NCmps had irregular rod shape with flake-like structure clusters randomly aggregated with diverse sizes ranging from 20 to 250 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity assessment of the green synthesized LmZnO NPs and Ch-Lm-ZnO NCmps was carried out in normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells and human colon cancer (HT-29) cells by MTT assay. Lm-ZnO NPs and Ch-Lm-ZnO NCmps (0.1-500 mu g/mL), significantly inhibited the viability of both cell lines, revealing dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Besides, the Lm-ZnO NPs and ChLm-ZnO NCmps significantly affected seed germination and roots and shoots length of mung (Vigna radiata). Moreover, the zebrafish embryo toxicity of Lm-ZnO NPs and Ch-Lm-ZnO NCmps among the various concentrations used (0.1-500 mu g/mL) caused deformities, increased mortality and decreased the survival rate of zebrafish embryo dose-dependently.

Ferric oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by eco-friendly green synthesis and chemical synthesis methods. FeO nanoparticles were synthesized by Chemical co-precipitation method associated with microwave irradiation method and were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX and Antibacterial Activity. The X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis has revealed the crystal structure of FeO. The FTIR pattern has represented the functional groups of the prepared sample. The morphology and purity of the samples were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersion X-ray Diffraction analysis. The Antibacterial activity of the FeO nanoparticles were tested with gram positive Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results matched well with the standard values.

In materials science, the method of green synthesis is rapid, reproducible, sustainable and ecologically sound in the environment. It has broad range of nanomaterials which includes metal, metal oxide, hybrid and biomaterials. In the present study, the silver–zinc oxide nanocomposite (NCs) using fresh leaf extract Nyctanthes arbor-tristis is synthesized by co-precipitation method. From XRD analysis, the crystalline size of Ag–ZnO NCs is increased from 13.02 to 15.15 nm. The functional groups and chemical bonds of ZnO and Ag–ZnO NCs via the leaf extract Nyctanthes arbor-tristis are investigated using FTIR spectral analysis. Absorbance spectra demonstrate significant shift to larger wavelength (red shift) on increasing Ag due to strong interaction between oxides of zinc and silver. The surface morphology of ZnO and Ag–ZnO NCs is determined by scanning electron microscopy. The elemental composition of ZnO and Ag–ZnO NCs is confirmed by EDX analysis. The zone of inhibition against gram positive and gram negative bacteria is determined by antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method and outcome of the result is error limit in the inhibition zone for increasing the concentration of silver. The Ag–ZnO NCs shows moderate cell viability against HT-29 cell line using Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaf extract.

The primary goal of this study was to synthesize Au NPs utilizing a green synthetic approach. For the first time, an aqueous extract of Aristolochia bracteata leaves was used as a reducing and capping agent to produce Au NPs from gold ions. The shape of the produced Au NPs was determined using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) to be spherical and 50-60 nm in size. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to examine the crystallinity of Au NPs, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy was used to determine the functional groups involved in the conversion of gold ions into Au NPs. The Au NPs were evaluated as photocatalytic agents for amaranth dye degradation, and the findings revealed that 94.6% of the dye was degraded in 90 min. A first-order kinetic model was used to calculate the deterioration rate. Furthermore, the photocatalytic reaction's Quantum Yield (QY) was estimated, and the degradation rate was optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) approach.

In the present work, Nickel Oxide thin films were prepared by spin coating technique. The effects of Ethanolamine and HCl on structural and optical properties of NiO thin films are studied. The structural properties of NiO thin films were examined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The amorphous nature of NiO thin films were observed from XRD pattern. FESEM studies of the surface morphology of NiO thin films exhibits smooth and uniform surface with average particle size of 200 nm for Ethanolamine doping sample and 300 nm for HCl doping sample. The functional groups and surface roughness of NiO thin films were investigated by FTIR and 3 D Laser Profilometry. The surface roughness of the prepared samples increases with increasing thickness from 4.49 μm to 6.81 μm. The optical characteristics of the samples were determined by UV Visible Spectrophotometer. This results shows that the prepared NiO thin films exhibits high optical transparency.

An attempt has been made in this work to synthesise an effective mixed metal oxide – zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles, coated on a substrate material, by Thin film electroplating technique. The prepared samples were subsequently characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Electrochemical performance analysis techniques. The XRD pattern has revealed the crystalline dimensions. Surface analysis has been carried out using FESEM and Cyclic Voltammetry has been employed for electrochemical studies of the prepared samples.

A green synthesis approach has been employed to synthesize silver doped zinc oxide (Ag-ZnO) nanoparticles from the fresh leaf extract of Morinda citrifolia using a simple co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles are investigated using FTIR, XRD, UV–Visible, SEM and antioxidant analysis. FTIR spectra displayed characteristic peaks related to ZnO. The formation of hexagonal crystal structure for the synthesized nanoparticles is confirmed from the XRD analysis. The calculated band gap energy is found to be decreased for the Ag-ZnO nanoparticles. The surface morphology analyzed using SEM indicated that pure ZnO nanoparticles synthesized without using the leaf extract are more agglomerated whereas the Ag-ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using the leaf extract are almost spherical in shape with less agglomeration. A maximum radical scavenging activity of 83% is observed for the green synthesized Ag-ZnO nanoparticles.

The present study reports the green synthesis of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous leaf extract Nyctanthes arbor-tristisis by co-precipitation method. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles are characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectral Analysis (FTIR), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). The Zinc Oxide nanoparticle are crystalline in nature and have hexagonal structure with the particle size of about 25 nm and is determined by XRD analysis. The capping agent and the functional groups of the Zinc Oxide nanoparticles are determined by FTIR spectral analysis. The band gap energy is about 3.18 eV for the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles which is calculated by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The surface morphological structure of ZnO nanoparticles is spherical in shape. The EDX spectroscopy is used to determine elemental composition of ZnO nanoparticles. The anticancer activity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles have high toxicity against HT-29 cell line which is determined by MTT assay. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles have decreased cell viability from 99% to 23% with increasing concentration from 10 to100 μg/mL.

Green synthesis of ZnO NPs with biological systems is becoming a growing field, especially in plant extracts nanotechnology. Biological reducing agents have been interpreted worldwide to lessen the impact of toxic chemicals applied in development of nanoparticles. In present research, work deals with green synthesis & characterization of ZnO NPs via Psidium guajava leaf extract, also to evaluate their antibacterial action against some selected bacteria. The preparation of ZnO NPs was attained via sol–gel assisted microwave irradiation process. The XRD pattern confirms the hexagonal phase of ZnO and crystalline size to be ~ 15.8 nm. FTIR analysis depicts the bio functional groups present in the surface of the ZnO nanoparticles, SEM predicts the size and morphology of the sample, and it shows rod-shaped surface. Then, the EDAX results showed the purity & elemental stoichiometry of the ZnO nanoparticles. Also, the UV was performed to investigate the optical nature of the prepared ZnO nanoparticles. Also, the antibacterial activity results revealed significantly inhibited both types of bacteria in higher concentrations. This study also suggests that green synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can an excellent antibacterial agent.

In recent years the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has risen in fields as different as biomedicine or electronics. The most widely used method for their synthesis is citrate reduction, but alternative green methods are being sought. In this sense, the substitution of citrate with natural compounds such as marine polysaccharides is a noteworthy option. In the present study, laminarin formulated AuNPs (Lm-AuNPs) were synthesized, and their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities, toxicity, and ecotoxicity were evaluated. First, the physicochemical features of the green synthesized Lm-AuNPs were thoroughly evaluated. Lm-AuNPs were highly crystalline, had a spherical shape and a mean particle size of 10-80 nm. The photocatalytic activity of Lm-AuNPs was assessed by the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB), revealing a high decomposition from 60 min. The in vitro antibacterial activity of Lm-AuNPs against the aquatic fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila was confirmed by the inhibition of bacterial growth. Furthermore, the antibiofilm activity against A. hydrophila was evaluated, detecting the biofilm growth inhibition at 100 mu g/ml of Lm-AuNPs. The in vivo antibacterial activity evaluation was carried out by treating Artemia salina infected by A. hydrophila with Lm-AuNPs, which decreased the mortality rate. Moreover, the cytotoxicity evaluation indicated that Lm-AuNPs did not affect Vero cells' viability up to 100 mu g/ml. Likewise, the ecotoxicity assessment of Lm-AuNPs on fresh and marine water microcrustaceans Daphnia similis and Artemia salina showed no significant mortality up to 400 mu g/ml.