The dependence of the contour of the fluorescence spectrum of CdS quantum dots (QDs) on the type of dyes (methylene blue and acridine yellow) and the influence of the concentration of the dye on the intensity of their luminescence in the composite of CdS QDs/dyes was investigated. The influence of Ag NPs on the luminescence enhancement factor of CdS QDs and the dependence of this phenomenon on the concentration of silver nanoparticles in the CdS QD/Ag NP composite was studied.

Noble metal nanoparticles are of great importance in the field of biomedicine due to their very diverse applications as antivirals drugs, diagnostic methods, drug carriers and imaging probes. These nanosized materials, in particular gold and silver nanoparticles, are useful as optical probes for detecting a wide range of biological analytes and as promising candidates for the development of highly reliable and ultrasensitive metal nanobiosensors. The success of the practical application nanoparticles depends on the development of safety, simple, efficient, scalable and environmentally friendly synthesis methods. For this has been successfully developed various green protocols using a variety of plant species, algae, fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms. In the first part of this article have been presented information about traditional methods for the synthesis of nanoparticles, with an emphasis on the most common, chemical method, an overview of recent advances in the field of green synthesis of metal nanoparticles involving plants, their likely synthetic mechanism, characterization methods and factors influencing their synthesis. Have been determined the problems of biological synthesis and ways to solve them in the future.

This paper presents the results of a study the CdS QDs and nanostructures of CdS / ZnS QDs obtained by the sol - gel technology in an aqueous solution of gelatin and the effect of storage on their luminescence. An increase in the luminescence intensity was found after storage the samples in air. It is revealed that the highest growth factor of the luminescence intensity is observed in CdS QDs without a shell. A mechanism has been formulated that affects the luminescent properties of CdS QDs and nanostructures of CdS / ZnS QDs during storage.

The optical and luminescent properties of nanostructures of CdS / ZnS QDs and CdS QDs doped with lithium, obtained by the sol-gel technology in an aqueous solution of gelatin, have been studied. It was determined from the optical absorption spectra of the CdS / ZnS QD nanostructures that the thickness of the shell layer corresponds to the thickness of one ZnS monolayer. The luminescence spectra revealed a significant increase in the intensity of luminescence nanostructure. The absorption spectra of undoped and doped CdS NCs coincide, which indicates that there is no change in the NC size and the absence of the formation of a lithium-sulfur compound. The luminescence spectra of lithium-doped QDs demonstrate an increase in the luminescence intensity, which is associated with the passivation of surface states.

Here are presented the results of influence of two parameters of synthesis process of quantum dots sulfide cadmium (CdS QD) on the spectrum luminescence, namely, the acid-base balance of the growth solution and the correlation of reaction components (cadmium and sulfur salts). Carried out the syntheses in which the pH solution was changed in the interval of values from 2 to 10. There were also synthesized CdS QD with different ratios of the initial components. The results obtained by evidence of the fact that the technological process has a significant impact on the formation of bands luminescence CdS QDs.

The optical and luminescent properties of composites based on cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) with dyes methylene blue (MB) and acridine yellow (AY) were studied. An increase in the luminescence intensity of the MB dye in the composite with QDs was found at low dye concentrations, which is explained by the mechanism of energy transfer from the QD (donor) to the dye (acceptor). The quenching of the luminescence of MB and AY dyes at high concentrations is explained by the transition of some of the dye molecules to aggregates that do not luminesce.

This article presents the results of the silver nanoparticles synthesis by a simple and ecological method of chemical reduction of silver from silver nitrate in an aqueous solution of sodium citrate and their use in the treatment of eye diseases. The technological conditions that lead to formation of silver nanoparticles with spherical shape and size of 30 nm with an intensive band of surface plasmon resonance are established. The effect of the application of therapeutic films with nanoparticles on the ultrastructure of the epithelium and stroma of the cornea of a rabbit after modeling in animals of moderately severe bacterial keratitis has been studied. It has been established that the application of therapeutic films with silver nanoparticles, as compared with antibiotics, leads to more efficient regeneration of the anterior corneal epithelium, contributes to the rapid restoration of the stroma and active formation of the delicate collagen skeleton typical of healthy corneal tissue.

The paper describes results of the research on the effect of the synthesis of cadmium sulfide quantum dots by the colloid-chemical method in an aqueous solution of gelatins on their optical and luminescent properties. It was shown that to understand the mechanism of the formation of defects in CdS QDs when they are synthesized in aqueous solutions of salts, it is necessary to take into account the result of the hydrolysis process and the dependence of its products on the pH of the solution. Based on the calculation of the molar concentration of the components of the hydrolysis of the cadmium salt Cd(NO 3 ) 2 , the conclusion was drawn about the types of intrinsic defects that determine the observed photoluminescence spectrum of CdS QDs.

íàöiîíàëüíèé óíiâåðñèòåò iìåíi I.I.Ìå÷íèêîâà, âóë.Äâîðÿíñüêàÿ, 2, Îäåñà 65082, Óêðà¨íà, klara2010

Optical properties of hybrid nanosystem consisting of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with a methylene blue dye (MB) investigated. The first detected the effect of Ag NPs on the structuring of the molecule MB and the effect of the dye structure on its optical and luminescent properties. This effect explained by the formation of nonluminescent aggregates of dye in the nanosystems with Ag NPs. Molecular aggregates are not involved in the radiative processes of the dye, resulting in reduced intensity of its luminescence.

The optical properties of heterogeneous systems, including Ag nanoparticles and dye were studied. The effect of Ag nanoparticles influence on molecular structuring of methylene blue dye and on luminescence of dye, on immunomodulating blood cells.

Introduction. Existing methods of treatment for bacterial keratitis do not always provide a positive therapeutic effect and do not prevent the occurrence of relapses. The main reason for this is the development of resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. The use of silver nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties may be promising in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. However, the effect of silver nanoparticles on the structure of the cornea has not been adequately studied. Objective: to study the effect of instillations of a colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles measuring 30 nm on the ultrastructure of the epithelium and stroma of the rabbit's cornea. Material and Methods. The colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles 30 nm in size was instilled into the conjunctival cavity of rabbits three times a day. Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells and corneal stroma, changes in connective tissue plates and collagen fibrils of the stroma were evaluated at Days 15 and 30 of the experiment. Results. The effect of silver nanoparticles caused an increase in the number of ribosomes in the superficial cells of the corneal epithelium, hydrophilic changes in membrane organelles, an increase in the number of ribosomes in all cells of the basal layer, and destruction of individual organelles in single cells. In the stroma, the edema of the main substance was observed; the areas of defibration, homogenization or fragmentation of collagen fibril bundles were determined. The dystrophic changes were more severe as the duration of instillations of silver nanoparticles increased. Conclusions. The daily instillations of the colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles measuring 30 nm in the conjunctival cavity in the course of 15 and 30 days caused the dystrophic changes in the superficial and basal cells of the corneal epithelium. In the stroma of the cornea, the dystrophic changes in keratocytes, violation of the architectonics of connective tissue plates, defibration and fragmentation of collagen fibrils were detected.

Nanocomposites of different concentrations of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles in a polyacrylamide shell were obtained as a result of the reaction of cadmium nitrate with acrylamide and a tiosulfiding agent (thiourea) in certain stoichiometric ratios followed by thermal polymerization of the reaction mixture. The samples were studied by the methods of elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and optical and luminescent spectroscopy. The sizes of sulfide nanoparticles as well as their distribution in the polymer were determined. It was shown that the absorption spectra have characteristic features of the spectra of composite systems with nanosized semiconductor crystals that manifested "defective" luminescence with a maximum in the 550-570 nm region.

The influence of methylene blue (MB) and acridine yellow (AY) dyes on the spectra of luminescence of CdS with quantum dots (QD) dye composites is investigated. It is shown that the luminescence spectrum of the heterosystem of nanocrystals (NC) CdS – the dye depends on the absorption region of it. The spectrum of the luminescence of the quantum dots is shifted to the red region by the introduction into the colloidal solution of the MB dye and in a case of the insertion of AY the spectrum is shifted into the blue region. The obtained results are explained in a point of view of the transferring the energy from the CdS quantum dots to the dyes by the Forster mechanism.

The optical properties of heterogeneous systems, including organic (dye) and inorganic (Ag nanoparticles and CdS quantum dots) compounds were studied. The effect of Ag nanoparticles influence on molecular structuring of methylene blue dye and on luminescence intensity of CdS quantum dots was found.

We have investigated the influence of solution pH on the formation of nanocrystals and their size in the process of synthesis. We have analyzed the optical absorption spectra and luminescence of colloidal solutions of NC CdS.Nanocrystals of cadmiumsulphide were obtained by sol-gel technology in gelatin solution which has different pH values ​​(6 ÷ 10). A decrease was observed in the average size of the nanocrystals from 8 till 3.5 nm while reducing pH from 10 to 6. There has been established the dependence of the contour of luminescence spectra from pH values.

Data about the estimation of size-depended tissue effects of silver nanoparticles (NP) within the framework of one experiment are absent. Also given not enough data about influence on a basal membrane silver NP of different sizes. These null data do not allow estimating the tissue effects of influence NP and those size-depended properties. So, the objective of this work is to study of features of influence of silver NP of different sizes on the rat skin. Used form of spherical silver (NP) of 20, 30, 70 nm were synthesized using citrate. The experiment was conducted on 261 Wistar rats. After subcutaneous administration of 0.01 ml solution of silver nanoparticles effect was assessed on 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 30, 45 days. For electron microscopic examination of skin fragments were fixed, ultrathin sections were contrasted by the method of Reynolds. The size-depended effects of silver NP 20, 30, 70 nm are educed on skin, namely dependence on a speeds of proceeding in the structure of basal membrane (quicker than all at introduction of silver NP 30 nm); mitotic activity of basal cells of epidermis (grows among 20 <= 70 <= 30); amounts of macrophages (grows among 70 <= 20 <= 30) amount of active fibroblasts (grows among 20 <= 70 <= 30), that results in the increase of collagen fibers (maximally in the group of 30 HM)

Background. Silver nanoparticles are of interest to be used as antimicrobial agents in wound dressings and coatings in medical devices, but potential adverse effects have been reported in the literature. The most pronounced effect of silver nanoparticles and the role of particle size in determining these effects, especially in comparison to silver ions, are largely unknown. Objective. To investigate the morphological and functional changes in the skin tissues during intradermal injection of silver nanoparticles. Methods. Spherical silver nanoparticles of 30 nm were used. The experiment was performed on 140 Wistar rats. The effect after subcutaneous injection of 0.01 ml of silver nanoparticles solution was examined on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th, 45thday.Standard histological techniques were used. Results. It was shown that after the injection of silver nanoparticles there is a complex of reactive changesin the skin, which is realized in severalphases. Immediately after injection the phase of inflammation begins. Later it is replaced with the phase of regenerative histogenesis with the formation of granulation tissue and further is finished in the phase of adaptive remodeling. Conclusion. Morphological and functional changes after the intradermal injection of silver nanoparticles are based on the pattern of normal histogenesis that occurs at the site of injection and do not affect the intact zone. Citation: Syrma OI, Skobeeva VM, Ulianov VO. [Morphological changes in the skin after administration ofsilver nanoparticles]. Morphologia. 2014;8(1):90-4. Russian.

Background. Silver nanoparticles are of interest to be used as antimicrobial agents in wound dressings and coatings in medical devices, but potential adverse effects have been reported in the literature. The most pronounced effect of silver nanoparticles and the role of particle size in determining these effects, especially in comparison to silver ions, are largely unknown. Objective. To investigate the morphological and functional changes in the skin tissues during intradermal injection of silver nanoparticles. Methods. Spherical silver nanoparticles of 30 nm were used. The experiment was performed on 140 Wistar rats. The effect after subcutaneous injection of 0.01 ml of silver nanoparticles solution was examined on the 1 st , 3 rd , 7 th , 14 th , 21 st , 30 th , 45 th day.Standard histological techniques were used. Results. It was shown that after the injection of silver nanoparticles there is a complex of reactive changesin the skin, which is realized in severalphases. Immediately after injection the phase of inflammation begins. Later it is replaced with the phase of regenerative histogenesis with the formation of granulation tissue and further is finished in the phase of adaptive remodeling. Conclusion. Morphological and functional changes after the intradermal injection of silver nanoparticles are based on the pattern of normal histogenesis that occurs at the site of injection and do not affect the intact zone.

This paper presents the results of the research on the luminescence of cadmium sulfide nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized by colloid chemistry in a gelatinous matrix. The photostimulation of the short-wavelength emission band with λmax = 480 nm has been detected. It is shown that the determining factor of the photostimulation effect is the adsorption of the water molecules on the surface of NC. The observed effect is explained by the recombination mechanism that is responsible for the short-wavelength emission band.