Isolated congenital malformations of semicircular canals are rare abnormalities. Most inner ear abnormalities occur in syndromes and are associated with hearing loss. Unilateral or bilateral single aplasia of one semicircular canal does not usually result in vertigo, but these become clinically important if there are clinical complaints of vertigo. Computed tomography imaging and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging may reveal inner ear abnormalities. The case is presented here of a 46-year-old male with a 10-year history of recurrent positional vertigo with strong onset when changing position to the left side. Magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear showed a bilateral posterior semicircular canal aplasia as well as an enlarged vestibule on both sides. Dix-Hallpike positional manoeuvre revealed a positional nystagmus in the left head-hanging position of short duration and latency of a few seconds. When rising, vertigo occurred, but no nystagmus was visible. The fast phase of the nystagmus was mainly vertical down-beating with a slight torsional component to the uppermost ear. Although benign paroxysmal vertigo of the anterior canal was suspected, physical therapy was not effective using a modified liberatory manoeuvre. Brandt-Daroff therapy was effective permanently.

ProblemSonotubometry is a non‐invasive method for the evaluation of Eustachian Tube (ET) function. Perfect Sequences (PSQE) allow monitoring the ET under physiologic conditions in healthy ears. This study investigates the use of this new approach in pathologic ears.MethodsForty individuals were examined. Group A: n=20 individuals (40 normal ears). Group B: n= 11 patients (16 ears) with acute/subacute ET dysfunction. Group C: n=9 patients with chronic problems requiring tympanoplasty. Sonotubometry was performed before and after operation. As opening maneuvers, yawning, dry swallowing, water swallowing, and Toynbee were employed.ResultsIn group A an ET opening was seen in 77.06% maneuvers and in all patients. The median amplitude (A) of sound increase was 16.64 dB, the duration of the openings (D) was 365 ms. In group B these values were 34.39%, A = 9.27 dB, D=311 ms before and 72.26%, A= 19.51 dB and D=329 ms after operation (myringotomy/tympanostomy). Group C showed openings in 33.83% with A=9.78dB and D=365 ms. There was no significant change after surgery.ConclusionThe comparison between normal ears and acute ET dysfunction shows sonotubometrical a return of the normal function after operation within a week in most ears. The results demonstrate that the findings occur not only due to an improved sound transmission through the dry middle ear but from a recovering ET. The results in Group C show that the ET dysfunction is chronic.SignificanceSonotubometry with PSQE is feasible for assessment of ET (dys)function under physiological conditions. It has therefore the potential to open new perspectives on ET monitoring.SupportSupported by DFG‐grant MA 3917/1‐1.

Summary Isolated congenital malformations of semicircular canals are rare abnormalities. most inner ear abnormalities occur in syn - dromes and are associated with hearing loss. unilateral or bilateral single aplasia of one semicircular canal does not usually re - sult in vertigo, but these become clinically important if there are clinical complaints of vertigo. Computed tomography imaging and high resolution magnetic resonance imaging may reveal inner ear abnormalities. The case is presented here of a 46-year-old male with a 10-year history of recurrent positional vertigo with strong onset when changing position to the left side. magnetic resonance imaging of the inner ear showed a bilateral posterior semicircular canal aplasia as well as an enlarged vestibule on both sides. Dix-Hallpike positional manoeuvre revealed a positional nystagmus in the left head-hanging position of short dura - tion and latency of a few seconds. When rising, vertigo occurred, but no nystagmus was visible. The fast phase of the nystagmus was mainly vertical down-beating with a slight torsional component to the uppermost ear. although benign paroxysmal vertigo of the anterior canal was suspected, physical therapy was not effective using a modified liberatory manoeuvre. Brandt-Daroff therapy was effective permanently.

Introduction: Sonotubometry allows an assessment of the Eustachian tube (ET) function under physiological conditions. The application of conventional sinus signals is not reliable enough for routine clinical use. The aim of this study was to investigate ET activity with so-called perfect sequences (PSEQ).Patients and Methods: PSEQs generated by a custom-made device were applied in 25 healthy subjects. ET opening was induced by Toynbee manoeuvre, yawning, dry and water swallowing. All sonotubograms were qualitatively analysed according to their shape, and quantitatively according to increase of sound intensity, frequency of opening and opening duration. The sonotubometry results were combined with the patients' perception of tone variation.Results: A number of 400 measurements were performed. in 92.75% measurements the patients reported ET openings. These were confirmed by 81.5% valid sonotubograms. The swallowing manoeuvres dry/water swallowing and Toynbee yielded with 94%/90% and 93 % valid measurements favourable results. Yawning was associated with 49% valid measurements. Sound level increase was also significantly different in these manoeuvres when compared to yawning (p < 0.0001). Nasal decongestion had no influence on the results (p > 0.05).Conclusions: PSEQs allow an evaluation of ET function. The chosen manoeuvres trigger in healthy subjects objective ET openings with a high reliability. The application of PSEQs can detect ET activity with a high sensitivity and good specificity. By further technical refinements specificity may also be enhanced in future studies.

British Journal of UrologyVolume 81, Issue 3 p. 503-503 Failure of seminal emission in retroperitoneal fibrosis Chally, Chally Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Gopalakrishnan, Gopalakrishnan Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Nath, Nath Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Kekre, Kekre Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Chally, Chally Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Gopalakrishnan, Gopalakrishnan Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Nath, Nath Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author Kekre, Kekre Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 25 December 2001 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410x.1998.00575.xCitations: 3 Dr Gopalakrishnan Department of Urology, CMC Hospital, Vellore 632004, Tamil Nadu, India. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume81, Issue3March 1998Pages 503-503 RelatedInformation

British Journal of UrologyVolume 80, Issue 4 p. 675-676 Indwelling catheter causing perforation of the bladder N. ARUN, N. ARUN Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN.S. KEKRE, N.S. KEKRE Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. NATH, V. NATH Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorG. GOPALAKRISHNAN, G. GOPALAKRISHNAN Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author N. ARUN, N. ARUN Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN.S. KEKRE, N.S. KEKRE Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. NATH, V. NATH Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorG. GOPALAKRISHNAN, G. GOPALAKRISHNAN Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 October 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410X.1997.00316.xCitations: 10 N.S. Kekre Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ida Scudder Road, PO Box 3, Vellore 632004, India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume80, Issue4October 1997Pages 675-676 RelatedInformation

OBJECTIVE:To determine the success rate, complications and morbidity from open pyeloplasty.PATIENTS AND METHODS:The study included 63 patients with confirmed pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction who underwent 66 pyeloplasties. Their records were analysed retrospectively for age, clinical presentation, serum creatinine level, presence of infection, surgical technique, and pre- and post-operative isotopic renography. The mean (range) follow-up was 15.5 (3-60) months.RESULTS:Pain was the most common presenting symptom; most pyeloplasties were dismembered and 77% of the procedures were performed by urological trainees. Retrograde pyelography did not alter the management in any patient. The complications were persisting PUJ obstruction in four, urinary leakage in two, transient vesico-ureteric obstruction in two and meatal stenosis in one. There were no complications in non-intubated pyeloplasties. Pain was successfully relieved in 98% of patients, renal function improved or remained stable in 92% and deteriorated in 7.7%. One patient underwent a revision pyeloplasty and another required nephrectomy. A younger patient, absence of urinary tract infection and absence of palpable mass were favourable factors.CONCLUSION:Pyeloplasty is the most effective and permanent treatment for PUJ obstruction. Newer endoscopic procedures currently used must be carefully assessed against this 'gold standard' before becoming widespread.

British Journal of UrologyVolume 80, Issue 6 p. 955-955 Continent suprapubic vesicocutaneous fistula J. GNANARAJ, J. GNANARAJ Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN.S. KEKRE, N.S. KEKRE Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. NATH, V. NATH Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorG. GOPALAKRISHNAN, G. GOPALAKRISHNAN Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author J. GNANARAJ, J. GNANARAJ Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorN.S. KEKRE, N.S. KEKRE Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorV. NATH, V. NATH Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this authorG. GOPALAKRISHNAN, G. GOPALAKRISHNAN Department of Urology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IndiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 29 October 2003 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1464-410X.1997.00341.xCitations: 1 Dr N.S. Kekre Department of Urology, CMC and Hospital, Vellore—632 004, India. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume80, Issue6December 1997Pages 955-955 RelatedInformation

OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and laboratory findings in patients with Group A streptococci (GAS) bacteriuria. PATIENTS Patients with GAS bacteriuria seen in a tertiary care hospital in southern India between 1988 and 1993 were identified. Data were collected from the hospital records. RESULT GAS were isolated from 15 women and 11 men. Clinical data were available for 24 of these. The condition presented as asymptomatic bacteriuria (nine patients), dysuria or frequency (12), and fever without localizing signs (three). All infections occurred in individuals with systemic or local conditions predisposing to urinary tract infection. All patients responded well to antimicrobial therapy. CONCLUSION GAS bacteriuria is rare and occurs only in individuals with other predisposing conditions. Patients with this infection respond well to therapy.

This paper reviews the planning and city building processes in Delhi in three periods — the imperial Mughal, the imperial British and the post-Independence. In the two earlier periods, the plans followed the ideals and tastes of the ruling elites and the cities were built to meet their needs. But the cities were well adapted to the technologies of the times and patterns of social interactions among the residents. Consequently, they provided to most of their residents a living environment which was efficient, healthy and satisfying. One reason for this was that Delhi was a relatively small city and increase in population was slow.

A 24-year-old white woman reported sexual intercourse-related pruritus, hives, wheezing, and dyspnea within 5 minutes after ejaculation. Systemic reactions (SRs) were prevented by use of condoms. Prick testing confirmed sensitization to five Sephadex G-100-separated fractions of her husband's seminal plasma. The intradermal end point threshold concentrations (ETC) were 10(-4) and 10(-1) micrograms of protein per milliliter to fractions 2 and 3, respectively. Leukocyte histamine release studies exhibited 100% release to fraction 2 and 37% release to fraction 3. A 2-day protocol of rapid immunotherapy (IT) was performed with subcutaneous incremental doses of human seminal plasma (HuSePl) fractions 2 and 3. The patient experienced an SR after receiving a cumulative dose of 38.55 micrograms of fraction 2 on day 1. On day 2, rapid IT with fraction 2 was administered until the patient experienced a mild SR after having received a cumulative dose of 102.8 micrograms. There was a one-log10 increase in the intradermal ETC to both fractions 2 and 3 at the end of day 2. IT was continued three times weekly for 4 months until the patient tolerated 100 micrograms doses of both fractions 2 and 3. At 4 months, coitus was resumed without SRs, and HuSePl IT was stopped. The intradermal ETC to fractions 1, 3, 4, and 5 was increased 6 months after cessation of HuSePl injections, but there was a one-log decrease in the ETC to fraction 2. Our experience demonstrated that systemic tolerance can be achieved by parenteral administration of selected HuSePl fractions. Partial immunologic desensitization of patients with anaphylactic sensitivity can be achieved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Summary— In a series of 650 renal transplantations performed over a 4‐year period, the results were evaluated of 125 Leadbetter‐Politano and 125 extravesical ureteroneocystostomies. The Leadbetter‐Politano technique had a complication rate of 4%, with 3.2% of these patients having a vesical leak. Extravesical ureteroneocystostomy also had a 4% complication rate but only 1.6% of these patients had a vesical leak.Although there was no statistical difference between the two groups with regard to complications, we feel that extravesical ureteroneocystostomy is a quick and simple procedure and well suited to the special challenge presented by renal transplant recipients.

Previous articleNext article No AccessReview ArticleEconomic Development and Regional Cooperation: Kuwait. Ragaei El Mallakh V. NathV. Nath Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Economic Development and Cultural Change Volume 20, Number 2Jan., 1972 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/450556 Views: 3Total views on this site Copyright 1972 The University of ChicagoPDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Eustachische R-hre " sonotubometry l " perfect sequences l " eustachian tube