мОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗмЕНЕНИЯ пЕЧЕНИ И КИШЕЧНИКА пРИ РАЗВИТИИ ЭКСпЕРИмЕНТАЛЬНОГО мЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКОГО СИНДРОмА У КРЫС В. И. петренко, Ю. С

ИзуЧЕНИЕ РОЛИ ДИСМЕТАБОЛИЧЕСКИХ МЕХАНИзМОВ В РАзВИТИИ НЕйРОДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫХ пРОЦЕССОВ пРИ ЭКСпЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИИ МЕТАБОЛИКО-КОГНИТИВНОГО СИНДРОМА В. И. петренко 1 , А. А. Шевандова 1 , А. В. Кубышкин 1 , И. И. Фомочкина 1 , Ю. И. Шрамко 1 , Т. п.Макалиш 1 , Ю. А. Огай 2 , Д. Р. Хусаинов 3 1 Медицинская академия им.С. И. Георгиевского Крымского федерального университета им.В. И. Вернадского, Симферополь, Российская Федерация 2 Всероссийский национальный научно-исследовательский институт виноградарства и виноделия, Ялта, Российская Федерация 3 Таврическая академия Крымского федерального университета им

The aim of this study was to determine the general patterns of pathogenetic changes in the blood coagulation system and in non-specific proteinases and their inhibitors during the development of experimental ischemiareperfusion injury. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 48 male Wistar rats (180–200 g). We used a model of ischemia-reperfusion injury achieved by applying rubber tourniquets to both hind limbs at the inguinal fold level for 6 hours. Revascularization was performed for 6, 12, or 24 hours following the application of tourniquets, after which we examined the state of the internal and external blood coagulation pathways and the activity of nonspecific proteinases and their inhibitors. Results. Indicators of blood coagulation system change show the development of blood hypocoagulation changes as the reperfusion time increases. By the 6th hour of reperfusion, the prothrombin time (PT) was lengthened by 112.0% ( p = 0.0142) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) by 170.0% ( p = 0.0147) compared with values in the control group. By the 12th reperfusion hour, the PT was lengthened by 174.2% ( p = 0.0389), and the APTT increased 4.9-fold ( p = 0.0002). When the reperfusion period was increased to 24 hours, it was characterized by lengthened PT and APTT, accompanied by an increase in antithrombin III by 11.5% ( p = 0.0371) and a decrease in protein C by 71.4% ( p = 0.0071). Changes in the non-specific proteinases and their inhibitors were characterized by a 2.8-fold increase in the trypsin-like proteinase activity ( p < 0.001) relative to the control, as well as a 2.2-fold decrease in antitrypsin activity and acid-stable inhibitors ( p < 0.001), which reached a maximum after 24 hours of reperfusion. A direct correlation was found between indicators characterizing the deficiency of coagulation system factors and a decrease in antiproteinase potential. Conclusion. Hemostatic system disorders are characterized by the development of hypocoagulation during ischemia-reperfusion injury as the result of an increase in the trypsin-like proteinase activity and a decrease in the levels of inhibitors. The established changes may be associated with the deficiency of coagulation factors and proteinase inhibitors and share common pathogenic mechanisms.

Optogenetics is an innovative and fast-growing field of science combining the advances in molecular biology and laser technologies to monitor various biochemical processes in the cell and to control its activity using light. Therefore, this review is devoted to the implementation of the optogenetic approach to diagnosis and treatment of various socially sensitive diseases at the molecular and genetic level. Furthermore, the article considers different methods of delivery and incorporation of genetic constructs encoding transmembrane proteins. New fiber optic technologies used to develop implantable devices for generating and recording signals in excitable tissues are described. Besides, the most state-of-the-art and popular registration methods are considered in the review.

Aim: The aim of the research was to investigate the dynamics of the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, markers of associated inflammation in an induced metabolic syndrome (MetS) model, and to estimate the effectiveness of its treatment using a grape-derived stilbene concentrate (GDSC). Methods: The research was performed on 40 white Wistar male rats of the SPF category aged 12 weeks. The MetS was induced using the fructose model (feeding the rats a diet with a 60% fructose content for 24 weeks). Rats with induced MetS were treated with GDSC, which was obtained by water-alcohol extraction of Vitis vinifera (Ressfood LLC, Russia). Results: Induction of the experimental MetS was accompanied by the development of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, increased lipids levels, cardiomyopathy and damage of blood vessels. The expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) had more expressive and early dynamics than biochemical shifts. Conclusion: The development of the accompanying inflammatory reactions was confirmed by the increased expression of TLR4 and C-reactive protein as compared to control levels. The treatment of experimental MetS with GDSC prevented associated inflammatory reactions and protected the heart and blood vessels from damage.

An experimental study was carried out on 30 white male rats using the fructose model of metabolic syndrome (MS).For 12 weeks, animals from the experimental group (n=10) received in addition to the diet the polyphenolic product of grape processing «Fanocor».It was found that the size of adipocytes of abdominal fatty tissue in animals with metabolic syndrome (MS) exceeded those in the control group by 2.1 times (p<0.05).The size distribution curve of adipocytes in MS was characterized by significant variability and a shift towards a general increase in size.The MS correction with the «Fanocor» resulted in a decrease of fat cells size by 2.5 times (p<0.05)compared with the group with MS without correction; the variation became moderate, and the size of most of the cells was below average in the control group.A significant decrease in the size of adipocytes caused by the polyphenolic product of grape processing «Fanokor» assumes clinical trials of grape polyphenols for the prevention of obesity.

This study aimed to investigate the carbohydrate and lipid dynamics, associated inflammation markers and the effectiveness of a grape-derived stilbene concentrate (GDSC) treatment in experimental metabolic syndrome (MetS). The study was carried out on 40 male 12-weeks of age Wistar rats. The MetS was induced using the fructose model (feeding with 60%-solid fructose diet for 24 weeks). Rats with induced MetS were treated with polyphenolic GDSC, which was obtained by water-alcohol extraction of Vitis vinifera grapevine (Ressfood LLC, Russia). The experimentally induced MetS development leads to classic MetS signs, including abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, high lipid levels and heart damage. The expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) had greater dynamics than biochemical measurements. The development of the associated inflammatory reactions was confirmed by the increased level of Toll-like receptor type 4 (TLR4) and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to control levels. The use of the GDSC had positive dynamics in carbohydrate and lipid levels, inflammatory marker, also prevented associated inflammation and heart damage.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) causes the risk of serious diseases development e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disasters. Timely and adequate correction of MS can reduce the risk of heart disease and diabetes AIM: To investigate the development of MS and drugs for its correction on the morphofunctional state of the heart muscle and large blood vessels. MATERIALS AND METODS: A comparative analysis of morphofunctional disorders in the cardiovascular system on the fructose model of MS and its correction in adult (n=32) and young (n=50) Wistar rats was performed. The duration of fructose feeding was 24 weeks for young animals and 16 weeks for Mature animals due to their different resistance to the development of the MS model. To correct MS, the following drugs were used: resveratrol, Stilbene concentrate in a dose of 2 mg/kg, Fenokor 1 ml/kg, azilsartan 1 mg/kg. During the experiment, blood pressure (BP), body weight, and heart rate (HR) were measured in experimental animals. Then, after euthanasia, sections of the heart and aorta of experimental rats were examined using light microscopy. RESULTS: In MS, adult male rats developed morphological changes in the heart wall, which were primary vascular damage, and secondary myocardial injury. In the aorta, signs of endothelial damage, lipid imbibition, and fibroelastic scaffolding were revealed. A specificity of young animals response to MS was functional compensation with pronounced changes in the structure of large vessels. The greatest effect of normalization of morphofunctional indicators in mature animals is provided by preparations of polyphenols. When MS was corrected with Resveratrol and Fenocor, there was no obese fibrous stroma of the heart, and there was also a normalization of the structure of the middle layer of the aortic wall. In young animals, the use of Azilsartan and Stilbene concentrate from 14th week of the experiment also led to compensation of vascular damage and hemodynamic disorders. CONCLUSION: To correct the manifestations of MS in the cardiovascular system in mature rats, the most effective drugs are resveratrol and Fenocor, and in young rats azilsartan and Stilbene concentrate in the case of early use.

The article is aimed to study the dynamics of parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism regulation, markers of associated systemic inflammation in experimental model of the metabolic syndrome in rats, and to estimate the effectiveness of its pathogenetic treatment using the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist azilsartan. Materials and methods. The research was performed on 30 white Wistar rats qf the specific pathogen free category weighing 280 - 290 g, age 2.5 months (10 weeks). To induce the metabolic syndrome 24 weeks feeding with 60% fructose content was used. For experimental treatment angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist azilsartan ("Edarbi'', Takeda, Japan) was used at a dosage of 1 mg/kg per day.Experimental modeling of metabolic syndrome was accompanied with the development of visceral obesity, alteration of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism such as hyperglycemia, increase of cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Also the changes of the molecular expression of metabolic markers were observed: statistically significant decrease of expression glucose transporter type 4 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. The development of metabolic syndrome was accompanied with associated inflammatory and acute phase systemic reactions. It was confirmed by the increased expression of toll-like receptor 4 and significant increase of C-reactive protein in blood plasma as compared to control levels. It has been shown, that the treatment of experimental metabolic syndrome by the angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist azilsartan prevents development of visceral obesity, disorders of regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and associated inflammatory reaction. We have suggested that this effect is associated with the ability of angiotensin II type I receptor antagonists, especially new-generation drugs (azilsartan), to induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors activation. Development of metabolic syndrome is accompanied by dysregulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and development of an associated inflammatory response and acute phase reaction. The use of the new generation of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (asilsartan) on the background of experimental metabolic syndrome effectively reduces the severity of metabolic and acute phase reactions.

На 82 белых крысах линии Wistar получены данные о связи воспалительных изменений в крови и ткани головного мозга крыс с уровнем экспрессии мозгового нейротрофического фактора (BDNF), распределением нейрональной NO-синтазы (nNOS) в головном мозге и степенью

O ptogenetics is an innovative and fast-developing scientific trend uniting achievements of molecular biology and laser technologies for the monitoring of various biochemical processes in the cell and the control of cell activity with light.Recent advances in optogenetics are based on the use of genetically encoded photosensitive ion channels, which demonstrate various combinations of photostimulation.It is especially important to ensure the availability of a high-quality fiber-optic

The effects of various sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations (0, 451, 832, 1594, 2112 and 3241 mg/kg) on the profiles and contents of organic acids (OAs) and β-carotene in sulfured dried apricots (SDAs) were investigated during storage at 4, 20 and 30 °C for 379 days. In all samples, four OAs [malic acid (MA), citric acid (CA), succinic acid (SA) and oxalic acid (OXA)] were identified. SA (13.9–31.8 g/kg dw) was the major OA in SDAs containing SO2 at lower than 1594 mg SO2/kg, while MA (11.7–11.7 g/kg dw) was the major OA in SDAs containing SO2 at higher than 1594 mg SO2/kg. As SO2 concentration increased, CA and OXA contents increased whereas MA contents decreased. Moreover, the highest stabilities of β-carotene, MA and SO2 were determined in SDAs containing 1594 mg SO2/kg at 4 °C. Therefore, we suggest using 1594 mg SO2/kg and storing SDAs at 4 °C to protect OAs and β-carotene.