不同的品种抗性不同,为进一步探究不同火龙果品种之间的抗性差异,为后续火龙果抗性育种提供参考,该研究利用Illumina HiSeq 2000测序平台对'普通白肉'(BR)和'厄瓜多尔黄龙'(EY)两个品种进行转录组测序分析,并参考GO Ontology、KEGG等公共数据库对差异表达基因进行功能分类与富集分析.结果表明:(1)BR与EY共有14248个差异基因,其中5446个基因上调,8802个基因下调.(2)相关GO功能分析表明这些差异基因主要参与酶催化活性、细胞组分、代谢过程等,其中参与氧化还原酶活性的349个差异基因在BR中表达量上调.(3)KEGG通路分析显示,大部分差异基因富集在新陈代谢和生物合成等,其中参与角质、木栓质和蜡质生物合成的差异基因有12个,如CYP86和CER1等.参与氧化还原酶活性的差异基因在BR中较EY表达量上调,且显著富集,表明BR与EY在生长发育和细胞代谢过程差异显著.参与角质、木栓质和蜡质生物合成的差异基因在BR中表达量上调,此类基因在BR中具有较高的表达量且显著富集,表明BR可能具有较强的抗旱和抗病能力.

以过硫酸铵为引发剂,亚硫酸氢钠作链转移剂,由巴豆酸(CA)、甲基丙烯磺酸钠(SMS)、巴豆酸甲酯(MC)为单体合成共聚物CA-SMS-MC.通过单因素实验研究了过硫酸铵用量、反应温度对纳米二氧化硅分散液黏度的影响,正交实验结果表明最佳合成条件为:反应温度为90℃,反应时间是2.5h,过硫酸铵为0.01 g(w=0.05％)、亚硫酸氢钠为0.1g(w=0.50％)、单体质量为1.1g(w=5.5％)、单体物质的量比4∶1∶2,红外分析表明该聚合物为CA-SMS-MC共聚物钠盐,此外,还进行了GPC、扫描电镜、粒径分布等测试.当共聚物的用量为0.5g(w=0.60％)时,对纳米二氧化硅分散液的分散效果最好.

This paper outlines several polymeric additives used in the protein refolding in recent years and their possible assisting mechanisms.

<正>核酸作为生命的最基本物质之一,是遗传信息储存、复制和传递的主要载体,在生长、遗传、变异等一系列生命现象中起着决定性的作用。因此,核酸的检测及其性质、结构等的研究具有重要意义。现已发现多种疾病与核酸存在密切的关

通过对转基因红叶石楠组培苗不同温度条件下耐受低温试验,得出:0℃冷冻处理条件下转基因红叶石楠及对照均无明显受冻害现象;在-3℃条件下,转基因红叶石楠在冷冻48h后过半数存活,未转基因苗在冷冻48h后全部死亡;在-12℃条件下,转基因红叶石楠在冷冻12h后全部死亡,未转基因苗在冷冻6h后全部死亡;试验证明沙冬青抗寒基因转入红叶石楠中抗寒性获得表达.

The systematic status of Gongshan population of Paa chayuensis has long been disputed.In this study,the phylogenetic relationships among one topotype of Paa chayuensis from chayu population and 4 samples from Gongshan population have been analyzed based on partial sequences of mitochondrial 12S and 16S rRNA genes.The average genetic distance between the two populations is only 0.002,and the topotype of Paa chayuensis nests with Gongshan population in the phylogenetic tree,therefore,it's suggested that the two populations belong to the same species Paa chayuensis.The results of comparisons of the external characters and 29 morphological measurements of 32 topotypes of Paa chayuensis and 8 specimens from Gongshan population indicat that Gongshan population is quite different from the topotypes of Paa chayuensis.It's suggested Paa chayuensis classified into two subspecies.

Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles in a living cell,and display continuous movement,fusion and fission to form mitochondrial reticulum.Mitochondrial fusion and fission are regulated by a number of proteins.Mitochondrial fusion is mediated by the out-membrane protein,fuzzy onions (Fzolp) in yeast,or its homologues mitofusion 1 (Mfn1) and Mfn2 in mammalian.An intermembrane protein,Mgmlp in yeast and OPA1 in mammalian,are involved in inner membrane fusion.On the other hand,mitochondrial fission is regu- lated by several proteins called Dnmlp,Fislp and Mdvlp in yeast and Drpl,Fisl in mammalian.The normal mitochondrial morphology is important for the function and physiology of mitochondria and cells,and defects in mitochondrial dynamics may cause severe diseases.

CH5B gene was transferred into peanut cultivar Huayu No.20 mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens,and transformation conditions were studied in this paper.The result showed that pre-culture for 2 days,Agrobacterium suspension(OD600=0.6～0.8) for 15 min and co-culture for 3 days was suitable to obtain resistant shoots.The target band of resistant plants was amplified by PCR analysis.These results confirmed that CH5B gene was transferred into peanut successfully.

Restriction site amplified polymorphism(RSAP) requires just a simple polymerase chain reaction(PCR) to generate polymorphic markers around restrictive site.An RSAP analytic system was set up and successfully used in Porphyra in this study.Fifteen Porphyra lines were screened by the RSAP analytic system with 30 primer-pairs,twelve of which produced stable and reproducible amplification patterns in three repeated experiments.The 12 primer-pairs produced 413 amplified fragments,408 of which(96%) were polymorphic,with an average of 34 polymorphic fragments for each primer-pair,ranging in size from 50 bp to 500 bp.The 413 fragments were scored one by one and then used to develop a dendrogram of these Porphyra lines.These Porphyra lines were divided into two major groups at the 0.69 similarity level,one group contained only P.haitanensis lines and the other group contained P.yezoensis and P.oligospermatangia lines.From the 408 polymorphic fragments,ten amplified by two primer-pairs R1/R6 and R3/R4,were used to develop the RSAP-DNA fingerprints of the 15 Porphyra lines.In the DNA fingerprints,each of the 15 Porphyra lines has its unique binary code and can be easily distinguished from each other.

The genetic transformation of peanut young leaflets was studied.Plant expression vector pATC940 harboring β-1,3-glucanase(BG2) gene was transferred into peanut mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.The optimized procedure was as following.After pre-cultured for 1~2 days,the young leaflets were dipped into an Agrobacterium suspension(OD600=0.5~1.0) for 10~15 min.Then the leaflets were co-cultured with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404.Three days later,the explants were transferred to shoot induction medium.These conditions benefited to improve the transformation efficiency.PCR analysis showed that transgenic peanut plants were obtained.

Extremophiles are an important component of Earth's biosphere and constitute a valuable biological resource. The biogeochemistry of extremophiles, an inter-and multidisciplinary subject stemming from microbiology and geochemistry, has in the last decade become the focus of geobiological research. Understanding extremophiles not only helps to shed light on important scientific questions, but also has profound impact on the study of earth system science. A breakthrough in extremophile studies may be able to unlock a number of mysteries such as the origin of life, the tolerance of life to environmental changes, and even the possibility for the existence of extraterrestrial life. From the Earth system point of view, knowledge in extremophiles can provide important insights into the pathway of biosphere-lithosphere co-evolution as well as the chemical evolution of the Earth. This paper summarizes the major groups of the known thermophiles (psychophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, barophiles, halophiles and anti-radiate microbes), reviews the mechanisms of extremophiles adapting to environmental conditions, and discusses the biogeochemical significance of extremophiles. The authors anticipate that future advance in biomarker study, isotope geochemistry, and molecular biology will facilitate and improve our knowledge basis in the biogeochemistry of extremophiles.

【Objective】A new cytoplamic male sterility line Yewei A and its maintainer line Yewei B,were developed from a maintainer line variant V20B with DNA transformed from wild rice(Oryza.Minuta J.S.Presl.ex C.B.Presl.).Experiment was carried out to verify if specific DNA fragment from O.minuta was integrated into genomes of the two species(YeweiB and YeweiA),and to verify if integrated fragment can inherit stably in high generation of YeweiB/YeweiA,【Method】 Analysis of RAPD,DNA sequencing of specific RAPD bands and AFLP in receptor,variant and donor confirmed the integration and its stable inheritance.【Result】Results of RAPD analysis of donor,receptor and variant gave that specific bands showed in variant and donor but not in receptor.DNA sequencing of the bands detected in RAPD suggested that primer OPG-11 could be used to amplify a 975 bp product in both variant and donor.A 97% similarity of the products was observed except a 29bp long difference.Mutated base pairs between the two DNA fragments included transition,transversion,insertion and deletion.At the same time,more polymorphisms was displayed in AFLP analysis between variants Yewei B and its receptor V20B with specific DNA fragments from O.minuta integrated.【Conclusion】The above results confirmed that genomic DNA transformation from distant rice relatives was an effective approach to create new germplasm.

Most of known plant disease-resistance genes are featured with a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and leucine-rich repeats (LRR). The degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed based on the conserved NBS motifs among the known disease-resistance genes. The primers were used to amplify the disease-resistance gene analogues (RGAs) in peach (Prunus persica L. Batch). A PCR product about 500 bp was obtained. After cloning and sequencing, 4 NBS-LRR type RGAs(PNBS1, PNBS2, PNBS3, PNBS4) in peach were detected. The deduced amino acid sequences of the DNA fragments contained the conserved motifs of NBS-LRR type RGAs, such as P-loop (Kinase 1a), Kinase 2a, kinase 3a and transmembrance domain (except for PNBS4). When the sequences of each RGA were compared with known resistance gene (N, L6, PRS2 etc.) sequences, the percentage of nucleotide identity ranged from 21.1%～58.8% and amino-acid identity ranged from 18.8%～41.4%. The RGAs may further be used as molecular marker for screening of candidate disease-resistance genes in peach.

β-1,3-glucanase ( BG2 )gene was introduced into Populus, G1, mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The young plants of Populus were used as the material and the subculture system has been established. The traditional transformation method by Agrobacterium tumefaciens was improved and many transgenic plants harbored with BG2 gene have been obtained. PCR and PCR-Southern analysis showed that BG2 gene was integrated into the genome of populus.

利用雌二醇处理发情母羊,提高后代中公羔的比例(73.64%).对所产羔羊3月龄开始断奶育肥,育肥时间为60天,结果试验组的羔羊比对照组的羔羊平均增重15.01%,其投入产出比比对照组高出10.87%.

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique is applied to studying the polymorphism of 27 Porphyra lines with free-living conchocelises as materials. All together, 13 Porphyra line-specific RAPD markers from 12 Porphyra lines were generated and they were cloned into pGEM-T easy vector respectively. Five of them from 5 important Porphyra lines were successfully sequenced. Five pairs of SCAR-PCR primers were then designed and synthesized according to the 5-terminal nucleotide sequences of the 5 RAPD markers. Through optimizing the reaction conditions, the specific RAPD markers of P. tenuipedalis and P. yezoensis Yqd-8 were successfully converted into SCAR markers. These will provide a useful way for Porphyra germplasm identification and protection.

以G1黑杨幼叶为外植体建立了组织培养高频再生体系,对传统的农杆菌介导法进行了改进,用来自于菜豆的几丁质酶基因(CH5B)进行转化,经PCRR和PCR-Southern杂交鉴定,证实CH5B基因已整合入G1黑杨核基因组中.

1 引言 紫菜为我国重要的大型经济海藻,在开发利用紫菜种质资源的过程中,种质混杂问题,长期以来一直是困扰其应用的严重问题.分子标记技术,如RAPD技术、AFLP技术、SSR技术克服了传统的形态分类学方法的诸多缺点,已经广泛应用于农作物的种质资源鉴定中[1-5].但是在海藻种质鉴定中的应用刚刚起步[6].

从一个水稻籼粳交F6后代自然群体中获得1例白穗突变体, 其成熟植株基部少数叶片中脉呈现白色, 抽穗后穗粒内外稃和枝梗均表现白色. 用突变体作母本与一粳稻恢复系品种制7杂交, 获得一个F2分离群体. 初步的遗传分析表明, 该突变属单基因隐性性状. 利用已定位的微卫星标记进行连锁分析,发现该基因位于水稻第1染色体上. 进一步根据已完成的水稻基因组序列寻找微卫星位点, 连锁分析显示, 该基因位于微卫星标记SSR101和SSR63.9之间, 分别相距2.3和0.8 cM; 并与微卫星标记SSR17呈共分离. 该基因暂定名为wp(t).

The study of plant male sterility plays an important role on utilization of heterosis. This paper reviews the current status of the studies of the heredity and mapping of the male sterile genes in wheat and the gene engineering of wheat male sterility. The application of male sterility in wheat breeding is discussed.