为了探究典型盐粉及盐溶液对瓦斯爆炸的抑制规律,在自行搭建的不锈钢火焰加速管道内开展了NaCl、KCl粉末及NaCl溶液抑制甲烷/空气预混气体爆炸试验,研究了不同粉末铺设面密度、铺设长度、铺液浓度、铺液长度对甲烷爆燃火焰传播的抑制效果及其抑爆机理.结果表明,铺设NaCl、KCl盐粉对甲烷爆燃火焰传播具有抑制作用,爆燃压力及火焰平均传播速度均低于空白对照组;当NaCl、KCl盐粉的铺设面密度为150mg/cm2时,两种盐粉的火焰平均传播速度均衰减最大;随着粉末铺设长度的增加,对火焰传播抑制和促进作用均增强,KCl粉末的抑制作用相对于NaCl粉末更明显.布设NaCl溶液,爆燃火焰压力低于空白组.随着NaCl浓度的增加,爆燃压力的变化不明显,火焰平均传播速度呈降低趋势.溶液铺设长度增加,火焰平均传播速度、爆燃峰值压力逐渐降低.

随着国民经济建设持续增长、西部大开发战略和"一带一路"倡议的相继实施,西部矿产开发逐渐提上日程,但这些地区多为高原,高海拔、低气温、低气压等恶劣的环境制约着开发进度.为了提高爆破工程的效率,保障人员健康安全,近年来,国内众多专家学者对高原环境爆破进行了研究.从高原环境爆炸基础理论、炸药爆炸特性、专用爆破器材、冻土爆破4个方面进行概述和分析,综述高原环境爆破的研究现状.

干水材料是一种含水量很高的稳定粉末状干态材料.概述了干水材料的背景、特点,详细地介绍了干水材料的制备方法以及爆炸灭火和干水灭火的灭火效果,提出干水材料在消防、化妆品、储存和运输气体、吸收CO2以及化工、食品和制药等行业具有较大的应用前景.

In this work, four new dry water fire extinguishing agents (FEAs) were prepared by hydrophobic SiO2 and aqueous solution under certain conditions. The dry water FEAs were developed and we conducted two types of fire extinguishing experiments (i.e., class A solid fire and class B liquid fire test). Thermocouples and a color video camera were used to measure burning temperature and record the fire extinguishing process. Results indicate that the new dry water FEAs have the ability to extinguish A, B and C fires, and have a better cooling effect than dry powder FEA. It is noted, compared with traditional FEAs, that dry water FEAs have the advantages of high efficiency and high speed, and have a potential application prospect.