Aquavoltaics is an innovative and beneficial solution that makes dual use of water area for photovoltaic (PV) power generation and aquaculture. Currently, China has made remarkable developments in aquavoltaics. This paper first analyzes the current development status of aquavoltaics in China, then takes the TW “fishery–PV integration” base project in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, as a case study to analyze its economic and social benefits, and finally puts forward countermeasure suggestions for the development of aquavoltaics in China. It is found that Jiangsu Province is one of the clustering areas for the development of aquavoltaics in China, and the development of aquavoltaics in this province has a high level of specialization. The payback period (PP) of the TW “fishery–PV integration” base project is 10.44 years, the net present value (NPV) is USD 18.5334 million (the discount rate is 5%), and the internal rate of return (IRR) is 8.06%. The social benefits of this project are mainly reflected in the promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction, the alleviation of energy shortages, the optimization of land use, and the development of culture, tourism, science, and education. The development of aquavoltaics should be promoted by strengthening scientific research, paying attention to the impact of PV panel erection on the ecological environment of the waters, emphasizing the fishery farming part of the aquavoltaic project, and improving the commercial operation mode of the aquavoltaic project.

本研究搜集并整理了我国光伏农业的公开披露信息,在此基础上运用农业可持续发展和太阳能资源的综合分区对光伏农业进行了区域分布分析,进而运用集中度指数和区位熵对其进行了集聚分析.主要结论如下:(1)现阶段我国光伏农业多分布于农业资源丰富、农业生产条件好的地区.(2)全国的光伏农业多集中于华东三省,从具体的农光模式来看,渔光互补的地域性最强.从华东三省内部来看,江苏渔光互补的专业化水平是全国最高的,浙江的农光互补专业化水平位于全国前列,安徽相较于其他两省在光伏农业大棚的专业化水平上具有一定优势.(3)现阶段我国光伏农业多集中于农业可持续发展的优化发展区域,且较为固定,但随着农业资源的开发,集中区域会发生一定改变.以上结论可为光伏农业的管理和相关政策制定提供参考.

光伏农业是近年来出现的一种新型农业.对光伏农业项目数据进行了搜集与整理,以此为基础分析了我国光伏农业的发展阶段与地域分布,研究发现:我国光伏农业的发展主要经历了萌芽阶段、启动阶段和推进阶段,其主要分布于农业资源基础较好的地区.此外,各种光伏农业模式体现出不同的集聚特性,光伏治沙的集聚性最强,其次是渔光互补,光伏农业大棚和农光互补的集聚性较弱.

搜集2011年以来国内外有关农光互补的文献,将其梳理为光伏种植、光伏温室和光伏养殖3个部分,通过对比发现,光伏种植的研究开始较早,且受到较多关注,其次是光伏温室,再次是光伏养殖;光伏种植与光伏温室的研究内容较相似,主要涉及作物生产和光伏发电的平衡、两者之间的协同以及农光系统的优化;目前在光伏养殖方面的项目实践并不少,但这方面的研究较缺乏.未来应从以下几个方面加以完善:加强各学科之间的协作,进行跨学科研究;从全局视角对一个国家或地区的农光互补进行统筹安排,并作出相应的经济、社会、环境效应评价;增加光伏养殖方面的研究,重点关注光照减少对所养殖生物的生长及生态环境的影响.

To evaluate the ecological niche of China's photovoltaic agriculture, this paper firstly analyzed the composition of photovoltaic agriculture and constructed the ecosystem of photovoltaic agriculture. Then, we defined the concept of the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture, and based on this the preliminary niche evaluation index system was constructed. Further, redundant indicators in the preliminary index system were deleted based on the rough set theory, and the final niche evaluation index system was constructed. Finally, the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture was evaluated using the DANP method and cloud model. We found that the niche level of China's photovoltaic agriculture is between low and medium levels. Specifically, the level of resource niche is the highest, between medium and high levels; following is policy niche, near medium level; then is environmental niche, which is at a slightly lower medium level; the last three in turn are technology niche, social niche and economic niche. The technology should fully realize the synergistic effect of photovoltaic power generation and agricultural production, and the policy should play better environmental, social and economic functions on this basis to achieve a higher niche level of China's photovoltaic agriculture.

The development of the new energy vehicle industry is necessary for its advantages of saving energy and reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. However, the industry is currently facing risks with regard to, for example, technology, market, and the policy. Most existing studies of industry risk focused on analyzing and evaluating risk factors and summarizing and interpreting risk phenomena. In this study, systematic classification and quantitative analysis for the risk of the new energy vehicle industry were investigated, in which the entropy weight method and cloud model were combined to evaluate and quantify the industry risk. The formation mechanism of the industry risk from endogenous and exogenous perspectives was analyzed to screen out risk-evaluation factors. Combining the expert-investigation and fuzzy-statistics methods, a risk-evaluation index system with six primary indicators and twenty-four secondary indicators was constructed. On the basis of the entropy weight-cloud model, the risk of the new energy automobile industry of Jiangsu province in July 2019 was evaluated. Results indicated that the impact of exogenous risk on the industry was greater than that of endogenous risk, and industry risk was higher than medium risk, which was close to a higher medium level. A series of suggestions are given for preventing industry risk, such as improving the industry’s own ability to resist risk and building the industry’s soft environment.

Aiming to solve the management and decision-making problems occurring in food production field at present, this study strives to build an accurate and effective hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) computer automated management system combined with computer management programs by taking the HACCP system as standard.This system is able to be integrated into the overall framework of the system applying case-based reasoning (CBR) technology combined with ontological content and extended content, and emphasizes on exploring knowledge representation of HACCP system and computing method of similar cases, which improves the safety and order of food production.

搜集了光伏与农业结合的相关文献,将其梳理为3个方面:光伏在农业中的应用、农光互补和光伏农业,进而对这3个方面的研究进行了综述.研究发现,光伏在农业中的应用主要用于解决农业生产中的能源短缺以及绿色生产等问题;农光互补则不同,它更加注重光伏发电与农业生产的相互影响、竞合关系以及耦合共生;而光伏农业是我国特有的提法,其含义包括光伏在农业中的应用和农光互补2个方面.未来的研究可从产业共生视角进行,分析光伏产业与农业共生融合的经济、社会和环境效应.

结合国内外文献,对光伏在农业中的应用、农业光伏、农光互补和光伏农业等概念进行了阐释和辨析,得出以下结论:光伏在农业中的应用是光伏与农业具体生产环节的结合,农业光伏或农光互补则是光伏发电与农业各子部门的耦合,两者同属于光伏农业.这一结论厘清了上述概念之间的关系,有助于该领域理论和实际工作的开展.

This paper used panel data of 30 regions/provinces of China from year 2005–2018 to empirically test the impact of abundance of natural resources and urbanization on regional innovation capabilities. The findings from the empirical analysis indicate that (1) the spatial effects on regional innovation capabilities are significant, and cannot be ignored. It shows that the optimal model is a spatial doubly model with dual fixed effects. (2) the richer the natural resources, the more unfavorable is the improvement of the innovation capacity of the region and surrounding areas. Urbanization has improved the region's innovation capabilities at regional level, but it is negatively related to the innovation capabilities of surrounding areas. (3) In terms of control variables, the average years of education is conducive to the improvement of innovation capacity in the region, and negative impact on the innovation capacity of adjacent area. Foreign direct investment (FDI) has promoted the regional innovation capacity in the region and adjacent area. The system has strengthened the regional innovation capacity, but the impact on the surrounding areas has not been significant.

The Paris Agreement (COP21) further defines the concept of global climate governance as low-carbon green development. Urbanization and carbon emissions are two major characteristics of modern Chinese economic and social development. China's new urbanization requires not only the realization of population, the harmonization of land and economic urbanization also requires the protection of the ecological environment in the process of urbanization to achieve green and low-carbon development. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore the influencing factors of carbon emissions and compare their differences based on spatial econometric models and from various perspectives of urbanization. Empirical findings of the study are as follows: (1) The Moran's I indexes are all above 0.5, the spatial effects of regional carbon emissions are significant, and it cannot be ignored. Similarly, it shows that the optimal model is a spatial doubly model with dual fixed effects. (2) Direct effects of population, land, and economic urbanization are positive. Whereas, indirect effect about population urbanization is negative, but its total effect is same direction change with carbon emissions. Indirect and total effect of land urbanization are negative, indirect effect of economic urbanization is small and total effect is significantly positive. (3) Per capita GDP, energy intensity, and environmental regulation variables of control variables are all positive; opening to outside be positive but not obvious.

According to the self-organizing theory, we first constructed an index system of the self-organizing evolution level of China's photovoltaic (PV) industry chain system from two aspects: of development level and synergy level. Furthermore, according to the relevant data of China's PV industry, the self-organizing evolution level of the system from 2008 to 2017 was measured and evaluated by using the system evolution level measurement model and cloud model. Finally, the GM (1, 1) model was used to predict the self-organizing evolution level of the system from 2018 to 2022. The results show that the overall self-organizing evolution level of China's PV industry chain system shows a rising trend in the ten years from 2008 to 2017, gradually transitioning from a low evolution level to a relatively low evolution level, with the evolution level declining in 2012 and 2015. It is expected that the self-organizing evolution level will continue to maintain a stable and orderly growth trend in the next five years, entering a medium evolution level stage from 2021. If the current evolution speed can be maintained, it is expected to reach a self-organizing evolution state in the next 20 years or so.

The photovoltaic industry chain system is a very large and complex system, influenced by external forces such as market demand, policy promotion and technological progress. At the same time, there is a complex competition and coordination mechanism in the industry. In order to explore the evolution path of the photovoltaic industry chain, the corresponding industrial growth and development mechanism, development strategy and policy are proposed. This paper introduces the Logistic improved model by social self-organization theory to empirically analyze the evolution path of China's PV industry chain. Studies have shown that the evolutionary path of the PV industry chain has gone through four periods: incubation period, growth period, maturity period and recession period. Each evolution path is accompanied by an innovation model of the industry chain, optimization of main functions and system structure. On this basis, the proposal of long-term development of photovoltaic industry is put forward from the perspective of social system of self-organization theory.

To explore the law of coupling coordination development of China's photovoltaic (PV) agriculture system, this study measured the comprehensive development level of the agriculture and PV industries from 2007 to 2016 using China's agricultural and photovoltaic industry statistics. Once this was achieved, the coupling coordination degree of the PV agricultural system was measured and a development mode of this system was determined. Finally, we explored the development trend of the coupled and coordinated evolution of the system. The main research results show that: (1) Although the development level of the agriculture and PV industries are both in an upward trend, the rising rate of development by the PV industry far exceeds the agriculture industry. (2) As agricultural and PV industries expand, they both show stock resource-led characteristics, but the incremental resources of the PV industry are gradually taking the lead. (3) The coupling coordination degree of the agriculture and PV industries fluctuates as it rises, but the coupling is low. It has not yet evolved to a higher level of coupling, and the speed of upgrading and evolution is slow. (4) In the next 10 years, the evolution speed of the two industries will be significantly improved, and the coupling between them will enter the coordination stage. PV agriculture will further develop in a sustainable direction.

To evaluate the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture in China, an evaluation index system was constructed. Based on the presentation form of interval numbers, we used the interval entropy weight method and interval cloud model to measure the niche state value and niche role value of photovoltaic agriculture. In this way, we determined the development trend of the ecological niche of photovoltaic agriculture. The results show that Chinese photovoltaic agriculture is in a good state and plays a good, but weak, role. The ecological niche of China’s photovoltaic agriculture will undergo a four-stage evolution process: positioning, integration, leap, and symbiosis. China has completed the positioning stage and entered the integration stage. Hence, it is important to constantly improve the level of industrial integration technology and to form a new photovoltaic agriculture recycling economic ecosystem.

构建光伏产业链复杂网络系统,以自组织理论为基础,分析耗散结构的形成条件,判断该系统是否满足达到耗散结构的必要条件.构造并优化光伏产业链风险熵流指标体系,构建耗散结构评判模型判定目前我国光伏行业是否处于耗散结构的状态,计算光伏产业链正负熵值,查找光伏产业链风险因子,提出建立创新机制、技术机制、产业升级动力机制、融资机制等条件机制,促进光伏产业链由无序过渡到有序,进而实现耗散结构状态,有效降低产业链风险.

文章基于自组织理论对光伏产业链系统进行解构,论证其具有明显的自组织特性.依据协同学理论,以序参量为动力驱动机制,构建光伏产业链系统协同演化动力机制模型,对其演化动力、规律及阶段性特征进行分析.运用改进的系统协调度模型识别光伏产业链系统协同演化所处的不同阶段.结果表明,光伏产业链系统稳定有序的动力在于各子系统间的协同和竞争,我国光伏产业链系统的协同演化水平整体偏低,处驱动力发展阶段的末期.依据研究结果提出具有针对性的政策建议,促进光伏产业链的有序发展.