Research on the effect of stimulus temporal pacing on brain states is a central topic in neuroscience and psychology. Studies of audiovisual integration (AVI) in the fields of Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and neuropsychology have often yielded inconsistent findings, potentially due to variations in stimulus temporal pacing. Although a number of psychological experiments have investigated the effects of stimulus temporal pacing on brain activity, the underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate how stimulus temporal pacing modulates the dynamic reconfiguration of brain activity and connectivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). A multimodal audiovisual oddball paradigm was employed, presenting stimuli at two temporal pacing conditions (rapid and slow) across three sensory modalities (visual, auditory, and audiovisual) to compare brain activation and functional connectivity across conditions. Results showed that in the unimodal condition, rapid stimuli preferentially engaged primary sensory cortices, indicating efficient perceptual encoding under high temporal pressure. In contrast, slow stimuli shifted processing toward higher-order cognitive regions, suggesting greater engagement in higher-order cognitive regions and enhance global network efficiency. For audiovisual condition, both rapid and slow stimuli elicit comparable functional connectivity patterns, whereas slow stimuli showed stronger connectivity in specific regions (e.g., occipital-motor areas, STG-DMN nodes), suggesting that the core audiovisual network and the extended whole-brain networks act in concert, forming a dual-layer processing mechanism. These findings provide a neural basis for understanding how stimulus temporal pacing acts as a modulator, shaping the dynamic balance between localized sensory analysis and integrated global processing.

Visual crowding in peripheral vision is influenced by surrounding objects, contrasting with foveal vision. Traditional models emphasized feed-forward object recognition, but recent research suggests top-down processes are crucial. Studies show peripheral vision feedback to foveal cortex is key for perception. Our research used a novel paradigm with varying ISIs of foveal noise to disrupt feedback, and high-resolution psychophysical and EEG methods to analyze effects. Findings indicated that 100 ms and 500 ms delayed foveal noise significantly impairs target recognition during crowding, with beta-band oscillations facilitating cortical communication. We conclude that feedback to foveal cortex uniquely impacts visual crowding, potentially aiding perceptual grouping and object recognition.

Ensemble encoding abstracts multiple bits of information efficiently. Some researchers have found that ensemble encoding occurs automatically, while others have found the process is not automatic, because it involves both feedforward and feedback loops. We explored the automaticity in ensemble encoding under the adaptation paradigm by examining whether the orientation and emotion averaging were resistant to task load and attention distribution. In the adaptation stage, multiple orientations (Experiment 1) or emotions (Experiment 2) with different combinations of stimulus variance and intensity (manipulated task load) were presented either in the foveal or peripheral field of vision (manipulated attention distribution), and participants were asked to estimate the test stimulus. The combination of high variance and low perceived stimulus intensity reduced the extent to which these individual features contributed to estimates of both average orientation and emotion, and thus were applied to manipulate the task load. The visual system obtained varied attention among stimuli in the different fields of vision, which were used to manipulate attention distribution. Contrary to previous findings, the orientation ensemble was more easily influenced by task load and was not immune to the interaction between task load and attention distribution, while the process of emotion ensemble was nearly free from those restrictions and was also influenced to only a small degree by individual positive or negative emotional valence, implying higher automaticity in ensemble encoding of social information. Our findings support the domain-specific proposal, implying that automaticity might stem from the initial informational registration and happen in the early perceptual course.

Numerosity comparison for regular patterns shows different features compared with that for random ones in previous studies, suggesting an underlying mechanism distinct from numerosity. In this study, we went further to compare the event-related potentials (ERP) components in numerosity processing of random and regular patterns, which are identical in all aspects of texture features except for the distribution. ERP components were recorded and analyzed while participants compared which of the two successively presented sets was more numerous. P2p amplitude was revealed to be significantly weaker for regular patterns compared with that for random patterns over right occipital-parietal cites, whereas no difference was found for P1 or N1 components. The difference in P2p amplitude, which is consistent with the behavior dissociation revealed in our previous studies, suggests that regular distribution can trigger distinct processing in numeral comparison tasks. Processing of continuous magnitudes or configuration cannot explain the decrease in P2p amplitude for regular distributed patterns. Therefore, this study further supports that P2p is mediated by numerosity processing.

Using a reading comprehension task, we explored whether body postures would influence mind wandering, a universal internally self-generated activity. Specifically, participants were instructed to perform a reading comprehension task under three postural conditions (lying supine, sitting, and standing upright). Probe-caught technique with prompts presented at irregular intervals was adapted to measure the frequency of mind wandering. Self-caught method was used to measure the meta-awareness of mind wandering by self-reports. Results indicated that the radio of mind wandering was significantly greater in lying than standing and sitting, but the meta-awareness of it was not different among three postures. Moreover, the reading performance, an indirect indicator of executive control, decreased in lying compared to standing and sitting. We suggested that the increase of mind wandering in lying posture may due to the dysfunction of executive control, which also results in the redistribution of cognitive resources. Suggestions for future research are proposed.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) help severely paralyzed people communicate with the outside world. One type of BCI depends on eye movements and has high information transfer (ITR) but is tiring for users and not applicable to people with eye dyskinesia. Conversely, independent BCIs enable attention shifts across visual stimuli without eye movement, but at the cost of a lower ITR. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is an oscillatory brain response and typically used as BCI signal sources because of high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Considering the effect of attentional modulation on the SSVEP, we proposed the novel concept of one-to-two BCI to optimize existing problems, wherein the target and other stimuli shared the same location. Specifically, two spatially overlapping stimuli were displayed in the center-of-view field, as in the independent BCI, and participants were required to divide their attention between the right and left visual fields, as in the dependent BCI. Using three different design schemes in two experiments, we aimed to provide a new framework for BCI design by exploring the feasibility of a combined BCI that can realize a single stimulus location for two inputs. The results strongly demonstrated that, even when the targets and distractors overlapped spatially, the former evoked stronger SSVEP responses. Notably, the BCI scheme based on the object-based attention could achieve a recognition rate as high as 83.2% and an ITR of 12.5 bits per minute. The feasibility of a one-to-two BCI design, which simplified the keyboard layout, reduced the attention shift, and relieved user fatigue, was established.

A new principle of UHVDC Line pilot protection based on internal parameters of the trigger angle of converter is proposed, in order to improve the ability of the protection to withstand transition resistance. Through the analysis of UHVDC control system, it is found that, due to the regulation of control system, in terms of trigger delay angle of rectifier side and trigger leading angle of inverter side, the change tendency in internal fault and external fault is different. Thus, the protection criterion is constructed. Compared with the traditional protection principle using voltage and current to establish protection criteria, this principle uses internal parameters as protection quantity. The simulation based on PSCAD/EMTDC verifies the effectiveness of the protection principle.

利用渗入苹果片的高压CO2作为动力源进行低温气流膨化干燥.探究预干燥含水率、切片厚度、膨化压差、膨化温度、抽真空时间对膨化后含水率、膨化度、复水比的影响.在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法优化得出最佳工艺参数.研究表明,CO2高压低温气流膨化苹果片的最佳工艺参数为:膨化压差1.3 MPa,膨化温度77℃,抽真空时间41 min.在该条件下,苹果脆片的膨化度为1.672 97,复水比为2.110 92.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察膨化后的微观结构呈较规律多孔结构,细胞壁破裂,质壁分离.

Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is a periodic response to a repetitive visual stimulus at a specific frequency. Currently, SSVEP is widely treated as an attention tag in cognitive activities and is used as an input signal for brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). However, whether SSVEP can be used as a reliable indicator has been a controversial issue. We focused on the independence of SSVEP from frequency allocation and number of stimuli. First, a cue–target paradigm was adopted to examine the interaction between SSVEPs evoked by two stimuli with different frequency allocations under different attention conditions. Second, we explored whether signal strength and the performance of SSVEP-based BCIs were affected by the number of stimuli. The results revealed that no significant interaction of SSVEP responses appeared between attended and unattended stimuli under various frequency allocations, regardless of their appearance in the fundamental or second-order harmonic. The amplitude of SSVEP suffered no significant gain or loss under different numbers of stimuli, but the performance of SSVEP-based BCIs varied along with duration of stimuli; that is, the recognition rate was not affected by the number of stimuli when the duration of stimuli was long enough, while the information transfer rate (ITR) presented the opposite trend. It can be concluded that SSVEP is a reliable tool for marking and monitoring multiple stimuli simultaneously in cognitive studies, but much caution should be taken when choosing a suitable duration and the number of stimuli, in order to achieve optimal utility of BCIs in the future.

When the single-phase reclosing of the high-voltage circuit, there will be tremendous negative sequence current generation. The connection of inverter-type new energy sources may increase the negative sequence current of the power system. The risks will be greatly increased if a large negative sequence current invades the generator, and it will cause the general stator damaged and offline. Based on the chain STATCOM compensation, a new strategy of negative sequence current coordinated control protection on the generator extremity is put forward. This strategy can predict the operation time of inverse time negative sequence current protection by monitoring the negative sequence current on the generator extremity. Once it is determined that the negative sequence current has an effect on the power system, according to the relationship between the STATCOM capacity and the magnitude of negative sequence current, two schemes of full compensation and incomplete compensation are proposed. The negative sequence current output by STATCOM suppresses the magnitude of the negative sequence current invading the generator. It eliminates or prolongs the operation time of the negative sequence current protection and gets more time for power system security and stability control. Finally, the simulation results verify the correctness and feasibility of the proposed strategy.

We aimed to investigate the biological function of MELK and the therapeutic potential of OTSSP167 in human bladder cancer (BCa). First, we observed overexpression of MELK in BCa cell lines and tissues and found that it was associated with higher tumour stage and tumour grade, which was consistent with transcriptome analysis. High expression of MELK was significantly correlated with poor prognosis in BCa patients, and MELK was found to have a role in the cell cycle, the G1/S transition in mitosis, and DNA repair and replication. Furthermore, BCa cells presented significantly decreased proliferation capacity following silencing of MELK or treatment with OTSSP167 in vitro and in vivo. Functionally, reduction in MELK or treatment of cells with OTSSP167 could induce cell cycle arrest and could suppress migration. In addition, these treatments could activate phosphorylation of ATM and CHK2, which would be accompanied by down-regulated MDMX, cyclin D1, CDK2 and E2F1; however, p53 and p21 would be activated. Opposite results were observed when MELK expression was induced. Overall, MELK was found to be a novel oncogene in BCa that induces cell cycle arrest via the ATM/CHK2/p53 pathway. OTSSP167 displays potent anti-tumour activities, which may provide a new molecule-based strategy for BCa treatment.

The incidence of bladder cancer (BCa) in China is the highest among genitourinary system tumors, and its progression is affected by multitudinous pathways, of which cell cycle progress plays an important role. This study screened and enriched differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from four gene expression profiles using bioinformatics analysis methods. The enrichment and analysis of gene function showed that these genes were highly correlated with cell cycle regulation. Identification of candidate small molecules was conducted to evaluate the application of clinical transformation in these DEGs. Prognostic and stage‐related expression analysis further sorted five highly expressed genes associated with worse prognosis and higher stages in patients with BCa. Further analysis revealed their interaction in cell cycle regulation and genetical alteration. Meanwhile, we validated the elevated expression of these genes through transcription and translation levels. Taking the results together, we could infer that these five genes are valuable in diagnosis, prediction, and providing candidate therapeutic targets for patients with BCa in different stages.

The aim of this study was to determine clinical recrudescent risk factors of 477 patients with newly discovered nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) (Ta-T1) in our hospital, and based on these factors, to establish a recurrence risk prediction model of each NMIBC patient. This study included 477 patients with newly discovered NMIBC (Ta-T1) from January 2012 to December 2016; all patients were treated surgically by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). The outcomes of patients were with or without recurrence within 2 years. The nomograms were based on Cox regression analyses, and the calibration curves were founded to evaluate the agreements of the predicted probability with the actual observed probability. Of the 477 patients with NMIBC, 392 were males (82.2%) and 85 were females (17.8%), with median age 64 years. Recurrence was identified in 327 cases (68.6%). The results showed that old age, female sex, smoking history, large size of tumor, multifocal tumors, high grade, and high stage are risk factors for NMIBC recurrence, whereas no significant association was seen between tumor location and recurrence in our study. Based on the results of Cox regression analyses, several independent risk factors, including smoking history, tumor size, multifocal, immediate infusion therapy, T stage, and tumor grade, were used to establish a nomogram to calculate the recurrence probability of each NMIBC patient, and the calibration curve displayed that this nomogram had a great value of prediction. Old age, female sex, smoking history, large size of tumor, multifocal tumors, high grade, and high stage are risk factors for NMIBC recurrence, whereas immediate infusion therapy is a protective factor. And a nomogram was established as a prediction model to calculate the recurrence probability of NMIBC patients.

试验以徐香猕猴桃为原料,采用低温高压渗透膨化制备猕猴桃脆片,根据单因素试验结果选取抽真空干燥时间(简称抽空时间)、膨化压差、膨化温度为影响因素;以膨化度、复水比为响应值,设计响应面试验.结果 表明,低温高压渗透膨化制备猕猴桃脆片的最佳工艺为:抽空时间2.95 h、膨化压差1.82 MPa和膨化温度70℃,在此条件下实际测得猕猴桃脆片的含水率5.81％、膨化度1.51、复水比2.06.低温高压渗透膨化制备猕猴桃脆片的工艺稳定可行.

Objective: To investigate the influences of dual antiplatelet therapy on neurological function, hemorheology and outcomes in patients with posterior circulation ischemic stroke (PCIS). Methods: A total of 150 patients with PCIS in our hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were selected and were divided randomly into a control group and an observation group, with 75 cases in each group. The patients in the two groups were given conventional therapy. The control group was given an aspirin anticoagulant therapy, and the observation group was given a dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and clopidogrel). National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog) scores and changes in the hemorheology index in the two groups were compared. The differences in outcomes and adverse were observed. Results: After treatment, the NIHSS scores (6.33 +/- 2.28) and the ADAS-Cog scores (34.71 +/- 5.49) in the observation group were significantly lower than the NIHSS scores (10.04 +/- 2.51) and the ADAS-Cog scores (42.83 +/- 5.52) in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). After treatment, the levels of platelet (PLT) and fibrinogen (FIB), whole blood high-shear relative viscosity, whole blood low-shear relative viscosity, and plasma viscosity in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After a 1-year follow-up, the recurrence rate in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The disability and mortality in the observation group were slightly lower than those in the control group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05); the total incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was slightly higher than that in the control group (14.67% vs 12.00%), but there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Dual antiplatelet therapy can improve the neurological function of the patients with PCIS, has favorable outcomes and safety profiles, and is worthy of clinical application.

We collected clinical data from 308 prostate cancer (PCa) patients to investigate the clinical characteristics and independent risk factors of bone metastasis (BM) and to establish a prediction model for BM of PCa and determine the necessity of bone scans. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed based on age, biopsy Gleason score (BGS), clinical tumor stage (cTx), total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), fPSA/tPSA, prostate volume, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum calcium and serum phosphorus. Moreover, 80 of the 308 PCa patients had a PI-RADS v2 score and were analysed retrospectively. The univariate analysis showed that the BGS, cTx, tPSA, fPSA, prostate volume and ALP were significant. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant differences among the BGS, cTx, tPSA and ALP. Four cases should be highly suspected with BM: (i) cTl-cT2, BGS ≤7, ALP >120 U/L and tPSA >90.64 ng/ml; (ii) cTl-cT2, BGS ≥8, and ALP >120 U/L; (iii) cT3-cT4, BGS ≤7, and ALP >120 U/L; and (iv) cT3-cT4 and BGS ≥8. After the PI-RADS v2 score was included in the model, the AUC of the prediction model rose from 0.884 (95% CI: 0.813-0.996) to 0.934 (95% CI: 0.883-0.986). This model may help determine the necessity of bone scans to diagnose BM for PCa patients.

Objective: To investigate the effect of relieving the different modes of exercise sports on College Students' anxiety and depressive symptoms, provide appropriate physical exercise to reduce their anxiety and depression levels, so as to better maintain and promote their mental health, and enrich their spare time. Methods: Tianjin urban construction university non-professional sports 218 college students as the research object, the object of study the scores of depression and anxiety scores than the normal threshold, they were randomly divided into A group (aerobics group, 60), B group (basketball exercise group, 82) and C group (table tennis exercise group, 76). A group of students using aerobics exercise method, B group of students using the basketball training method, C group of students using the method of table tennis exercise. Exercise duration 3 months after the three groups were observed before and after the exercise of the self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) score change Situation. Results: compared with before exercise, A group of students depression score is close to the critical value (P< 0.05), there was statistical significance; anxiety scores were not significantly different (P> 0.05), no statistical significance; B group of students depression scores and anxiety scores were significantly close to the critical value (P< 0.05), there was statistical significance; group C depression scores were not significantly different (P> 0.05), no statistical significance; anxiety scores significantly close to the critical value (P< 0.05), there was statistical significance. Three months exercise, three groups of students on the depression scale and anxiety scale scores through single factor analysis of variance (P< 0.05), there was statistical significance. Experimental results show that continue to exercise: 3 months after the three groups were observed before and after the exercise of the self-rating Depression Scale scores between the A group and B group, P> 0.05, no significant difference was not statistically significant; compared with B group, C group and P< 0.05, there was significant difference, statistically significant; A group compared with C group P< 0.05, there were significant differences, with statistical significance; conclusion: long time to participate in table tennis, badminton and aerobics students' anxiety and depression, anxiety and depression symptoms, indicating that the long-term exercise can effectively alleviate and prevent college students' depression and anxiety, encourage students to participate in sports, and should be long-term adherence, develop a positive healthy and optimistic attitude.

The canonical correlation analysis (CCA)-based frequency recognition method is one of the widely used methods in steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI), and several extended version were proposed in the past decade. However, these methods only adopt the maximal correlation coefficient provided by the CCA and discard other coefficients. This operation may lead to the loss of discriminative information that exists in the discarded coefficients. In the current study, we proposed to fuse all the correlation coefficients of the CCA with a nonlinear weighting function when performing frequency recognition with CCA method, termed as FoCCA. Evaluated on a benchmark dataset of thirty-five subjects, the experimental results demonstrated that the classification accuracy and information transfer rate (ITR) of FoCCA are significantly higher than those of the standard CCA at various time windows. Fusing correlation coefficients could be a new strategy to improve the performance of other extended CCA methods, which holds the potential to implement high-performance SSVEP-based BCI systems in the future.