The rise of information and communication technologies (ICT) has facilitated flexible working arrangements, giving rise to new workspaces like co-working spaces (CWSs). While existing research has focused on the distribution of CWSs within city, this study explores their location patterns and relationships with regional policies in China. Using data from 2015 to 2022, it employs a quasi-natural experiment at the prefecture level, primarily examining the impact of the National Innovation Demonstration Zone (NIDZ) policy. This pilot policy primarily aims to reform the science and technology innovation mechanism in the pilot cities. Notably, the research innovatively applies the multiple Difference-in-Differences (DID) model to compare CWS distribution pre- and post-policy implementation across diverse cities. The findings include the general promotion of CWS growth in NIDZs, yet with a policy focus leading to regional imbalances. Moreover, the positive effect of establishing demonstration zones on CWS growth is relatively smaller in economically developed cities. These insights shed light on the evolving dynamics and patterns of innovative activities, emphasizing the influence of regional policies on the spatial distribution of CWSs.

The 'Third Space' theory explains the unique appeal of coworking spaces (CWs) for freelancers and independent workers. This study analyzes the relations between CWs and the real estate market in Shanghai, illustrating their local impact. With a database of 861 CWs in Shanghai, this paper evaluates the spatial distribution and pricing these spaces concerning residential and office real estate prices and rents. By employing spatial analysis and statistical methods, the study indicates a concentration of CWs in Shanghai's city center, where prices are higher, compared to a less concentrated distribution in the suburbs, where prices are lower. The study demonstrates significant correlation and spatial autocorrelation between CWs and both residential and office real estate. The findings suggest that CWs located in or near high-end residential areas and high office rental areas in the city center are economically viable, promising a greater return on investment. Meanwhile, CWs offer a way repurpose underutilized resources in corporate real estate strategies. In addition, the study hypothesizes that CWs can also be viewed as potential influencers of the real estate market. These insights hold value for urban planners, investors, businesses, and residents.

Social media has rapidly intervened in the interaction between urban consumers and commercial space, further reshaping the structure of urban commercial space. This study employed the social, spatial, and subjective dimensions of geographies of consumption as the theoretical framework. Based on the data from five social media platforms, including Douyin, REDnote, Weibo, Dianping, and Baidu Index, we constructed a multi-level evaluation method of “attention level–activity degree–experience quality” and applied it to measure the dynamics of the shopping malls in Shanghai to investigate their mechanism of generating urban commercial space vitality. The findings indicate that the “core + core–periphery + multi-center + circle structure, agglomeration, and balance” is the primary pattern of urban commercial space in Shanghai. The differences in business formats, consumer positioning, and consumption culture revealed by the social media data are conducive to clarifying the scale of the regional consumption space and the logic of urban commercial evolution. The main contribution of this study is the demonstration that this evaluation method rooted in social media has the potential to generalize the measurement of urban commercial space in major cities in China. We also propose corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for developing urban commercial space in Shanghai.

This article proposes an analytical framework of spatial-digital fix to explain how emerging online platform retailers utilize digital technologies to fix their crises in backward and forward value chains-both digitally and spatially-and their subsequent positive and negative impacts on various actors in production and distribution networks. By applying the analytical framework on Shein (an emerging online fast fashion retailer originally based in China), we demonstrate how it utilizes spatial-digital infrastructures to fix various crises/shocks across the entire value chain, from the fashion design and procurement to supply chain management through its in-house algorithmic systems, fostering an ultra-fast rate of capital accumulation. Beyond the inherently crisis-prone nature and the corresponding dark sides highlighted in the literature, we focus on the dynamic processes of capital accumulation and the corresponding fixes that lead to darker (negative) and brighter (positive) sides in various actors, from the constant pressure on cost minimization to synergistic intersections between emerging digital fast fashion retailers, subcontractors, and suppliers in the production networks. Moreover, these spatial-digital fixes are temporary and give rise to new shocks due to their inherently crisis-prone nature, from intellectual property lawsuits to labor and environmental issues. This article complements the conventional case of a race to the bottom among subcontractors by highlighting a continuum between the brighter and darker sides of Shein's fixes and their disruptive effects on the power relationships and value distributions between incumbent fast fashion retailers, emerging online retailers, and other actors in apparel production networks.

In contrast to the dichotomy of platform urbanism-ruralism populated in recent urban geography, we propose an analytical framework of "platform-urban villagism" to examine the roles and impacts of digital platforms on the ongoing spatial transformations in urban villages in southern China. Our framework offers a nuanced understanding of the entanglements between digital platforms and key actors in unconventional urban areas. Leveraging empirical evidence from garment villages in Guangzhou, we explore the diversities of power relationships between various actors and the corresponding spatial implications. Specifically, our analysis reveals the potential symbiotic and productive relationships between digital platforms and other economic actors, leading to functional upgrading of the labor-intensive apparel industry and fostering non-antagonistic relationships with local governments and residents. By highlighting the transformation of production and non-production spaces within garment villages, our study challenges conventional notions of urban development and consumption-oriented activities associated with platform urbanism.

This paper refines the fuzzy logic method, while constructing a theoretical model of the relationship between economic resilience, social resilience and ecological resilience, and evaluates the coupling coordination between the economic-social-ecological resilience of 197 prefecture-level cities in China's urban agglomerations in 2019. Findings include: (1) The mean ecological resilience of China's urban agglomerations in 2019 was the highest, followed by economic and social resilience. (2) Promoting urban agglomerations had higher resilience scores in the three dimensions, especially in the economic dimension. Growing urban agglomerations had low resilience values on the whole, especially economic resilience. (3) The mean coupling coordination degree of economic-social-ecological resilience ranged from near-incoordination to narrow balance. (4) The coupling coordination degree between the two coincided with the positioning of existing urban agglomerations. (5) Economic resilience had the most significant impact on the coupling coordination. Finally, we give differentiated countermeasures to improve the resilience of urban agglomerations. This study aims to contribute to the promotion of urban resilience research, and helps to plan and design more rational urban economic-social-ecological systems, thereby enhancing the ability of cities to cope with any uncertainties and contingencies.

在乡村振兴战略实施背景下,数字乡村建设的重要性日益提高.借助CiteSpace软件,选取CNKI中国学术期刊网络出版总库的中文核心期刊和CSSCI期刊,对1999年至今的中国互联网与数字乡村研究进行文献分析,研究发现:①中国互联网与数字乡村研究在2015年之前发文量较少且增速缓慢,从2015年开始,进入飞速增长阶段.②"互联网+""互联网""互联网金融"这三个关键词在中国互联网与数字乡村研究中出现的频次最高,其中关键词"互联网"突现强度大、出现时间早、时间跨度长;研究总体呈现多学科视角及多学科交叉的趋势.③相关研究经历了起步(2005-2010年)、增长(2011-2016年)和深化(2017年至今)三个阶段.④主要研究领域包括"互联网+"在农村的应用、互联网与农村经济发展、数字乡村发展的政策效应和数字鸿沟.未来研究趋势主要体现在研究领域扩展、研究尺度多样化、理论框架完善及研究方法创新等方面.

China’s digital economy has a large volume but lacks radiation capacity, and the digital transformation needs to be further deepened. The European Digital Innovation Hub is a representative strategy of digital transformation worldwide. Therefore, based on clarifying the definition and connotation of digital innovation hub, the service content, operation mechanism and development status of European Digital Innovation Hub are systematically analyzed.Taking three typical digital innovation hubs as examples, this paper summarizes their unique experiences, including paying attention to the developmental difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises, forming a continuous and coordinated service system, building multi-agent and multi-level platforms and perfecting the layout of digital infrastructure. On this basis, the implications to China’s digital innovation development are as follows: overall planning and layout guided by national strategic needs, establishment of cooperation mechanism based on digital innovation hubs, cultivation of ecosystem based on government-industry-university research collaboration, and promotion the growth of small and medium-sized enterprises with perfect services and facilities.

构建基于多尺度的生产关系、社会-空间关系和行动者关系网络的城市比较分析框架,对比上海和洛杉矶大都市区产业空间组织演化的空间特征、组织规律和演化机制,以探究其中的中国特色.研究发现:①新产业空间的增长与扩散促进了上海和洛杉矶产业空间组织的多中心结构,但前者是中心转型主导的都市区功能扩散,后者是新兴经济中心增长主导的区域化发展.②从推动演化的关系机制来看,部门结构调整和劳动力市场日益细分是二者遵循的共同规律,但在制度环境关系的塑造作用方面存在较大差异.构建基于关系视角的多尺度比较分析框架,为理解和分析特定情境下的空间组织演变机制提供新的理论视角.

The rapid development of the Internet industry and the emergence of new business models have reshaped the spatial structure and spatial relationships of cities.The development of Internet enterprises has profoundly reshaped the established venture capital network by establishing investment departments and expanding the ecosystem in the form of venture capital.As venture capital and the Internet industry are mutually attractive and highly geographically coupled, the analysis of the structure and location of the venture capital network of Internet enterprises has become an important foundation for the development of the regional "new economy".This paper examined the spatial dynamics and location selection mechanism of venture capital activities of Chinese Internet companies by constructing a factor flow network, using spatial analysis, network analysis, and negative binomial regression models.The study demonstrated that venture capital investment in Chinese Internet enterprises has developed rapidly over the past 20 years in three phases: initial development from 2001 to 2012, rapid development from 2013 to 2016, and adjustment development from 2017 to 2019, with Internet venture capital showing the characteristics of cumulative development.Compared with traditional venture capital activities, the location choice of Internet venture capital is more concentrated, with a high concentration in a few major cities in the eastern region of China.The three major regions of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta are the main places of occurrence and association of Internet venture capital activities in China, with a significant tendency of localization of venture capital.The cumulative development of corporate venture capital and the spatial evolution of both investors and financiers have contributed to the formation of a 'core-periphery' structure of the venture capital network.In addition, an assessment of the network density of the cities where the investment and financing occurs showed that the current Internet investment and financing network is still in its developmental stage, and most of the cities are not directly connected, showing a sparse matrix.Three time windows (2012, 2015, and 2017) were selected to analyze the location selection factors of Chinese Internet venture capital in different development periods in terms of enterprise growth environment, investment proximity, and transportation accessibility.The results showed that marketization, policy guidance, investment proximity, and spatial proximity were the main forces shaping the spatial pattern of Internet venture capital activities and had different degrees of influence on the various stages of Internet industry development.This study facilitates an in-depth examination of the spatial distribution characteristics of venture capital activities in the Internet economy and provides a detailed empirical basis for understanding the changes in venture capital investments in Internet enterprises and their locational influences.

中国数字经济方兴未艾,推动数字创业生态系统发展成为社会各界关注的热点议题.在系统梳理有关创业研究的相关文献基础上,建构地理学视角下的数字创业生态系统研究框架,探究数字化嵌入到创业过程中各行动主体的构成,以及新要素建构创业生态系统的空间过程和机制,并且分析总结数字创业生态系统与地方发展的交互动态.最后基于中国情境,着眼于中国创业发展的地方实践,提出未来的研究展望,以期为数字化时代创业地理学研究提供新的理论视角,也为指导中国创新创业发展提供实践指引.

Urban redevelopment in China has been the subject of heightened attention in urban governance research. Using the Jiuxing redevelopment in Shanghai as the case study, this study engages with the discursive construction of multiple actors under China's pro-growth regime. The findings of this study include that (1) the municipal government-envisioned global city is the overarching discourse leading to the synergistic narratives of the coalition; (2) the actors created parallel narratives of the meaning of redevelopment based on their scalar positions; (3) through flexible narrative tactics, the capacity of a state-led multi-scalar coalition is enhanced for coordinating actions.

With the emergence of new and advanced information and telecommunication technologies, Chinese cities are encountering significant changes in their development dynamics. This study examines the spatial pattern of emerging industries under the influence of new technologies within the context of China's "Internet Plus" initiative. It constructs a theoretical framework from an evolutionary economic geography (EEG) perspective and highlights the interdependence between the Internet Plus economy and urban systems. The analysis finds that the development of Internet Plus in cities intensifies the spatial agglomeration of new economic resources, and results in industrial transformation led by only a few large cities and spatial polarization within the urban system. However, advances in Internet technologies also provide a window of opportunity for smaller cities, and local industrial bases and relevant specializations play a crucial role in this process.

The deepening of the social division of labor in economic development has led to the emergence of the logistics industry. The development of distribution plays an important role in optimizing regional resource allocation and improving regional competitiveness. The construction of logistics and distribution facilities not only promotes the upward movement of agricultural products but also the downward movement of industrial products, playing an important role in both the production and consumption sides, especially in rural areas. Existing logistics research based on the spatial perspective mainly focuses on the exploration of urban logistics and distribution, including the evaluation of urban logistics hubs and the construction of logistics systems, and so on. There is limited research on the evaluation of rural logistics and distribution level and its spatial characteristics. Moreover, in a comprehensive view, owing to the difficulty of obtaining logistics data in rural areas, the existing research lacks systematic and quantitative analysis on the layout of rural logistics and distribution facilities and their formation mechanisms. Therefore, this study explores the spatial distribution and clustering characteristics of e-commerce distribution levels in rural areas of China, as well as the influencing factors of rural logistics levels. Data are derived from the administrative village e-commerce distribution points from the third national agricultural census of 2016, and analytical methods such as spatial autocorrelation and ordinary least squares regression models are employed. The level of rural logistics displays a staggered distribution of high and low values, and some regions have homogeneous provincial distribution characteristics between high and low value areas; this is especially significant in Chinese provinces such as Hebei, Jiangsu, and Shandong. Overall, rural logistics distribution in all four major regions of China is at a low average level, but regional differences still exist at the geographic level, with high-high (H-H) agglomeration areas concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta and Bohai regions. The agglomeration phenomenon is particularly significant in Hebei and Zhejiang Provinces. The low-low (L-L) agglomeration area is mainly located in the Sichuan-Tibet region. From the spatial variation characteristics, the increase in the proportion of e-commerce distribution villages at the municipal level has more practical value than the increase in the number alone. Different factors have a differential impact on the level of rural e-commerce distribution construction in each region. Ethnic minority characteristics in the eastern region can enhance the level of rural e-commerce distribution, while ethnic characteristics in the central, western, and northeastern regions do not have a significant impact on the development of such facilities. The development of roads, public transportation, and other infrastructure in the central and western regions has a direct impact on the development of rural logistics and distribution. The more mountainous administrative villages, the worse the level of logistics and distribution construction, and the western and northeastern regions exhibit particularly significant performance. This study adds to the knowledge on the development level of China's rural logistics, helps promote the development of rural e-commerce, provides a solid foundation for the implementation of a rural revitalization strategy, and enhances the purposeful and scientific construction of rural distribution points.

Cybergeography, an emerging subfield of human geography, has received increasing attention over recent decades. In particular, the digital transition of cities and the rapid rise of the digital economy have provided an impetus to the development of Cybergeography in China. This study attempts to provide a literature review of the research progress in Cybergeography in China over the past two decades regarding its disciplinary characteristics, main branches, and evolutionary paths. Through a bibliometric analysis and knowledge graphs based on a large number of Chinese articles (8,735) in geographic journals from the database (CNKI), we concluded that Chinese Cybergeography is mainly encompassed in the fields of urban geography, economic geography, tourism geography, geographical information science, and other disciplines, and the main institutional contributors include the Nanjing University, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, East China Normal University, Hebei Normal University. Chinese Cybergeography can be classified into five independent but interconnected sub-areas: (1) urban network analysis based on information flows; (2) online consumption behavior and their spatial impacts on urban space; (3) internet visibility and tourism flow; (4) smart cities and communities; and (5) digital economy and its interactions with spatial organizations. Chinese Cybergeography has experienced four phases: the embryonic stage during the initial 21st century, fast development period (2006-2013), flourishing period (2014-2019), and transition period (since the outbreak of COVID-19). Chinese Cybergeography has evidently become highly diversified and interdisciplinary through this period, with its research focus expanded from the early stages of "informatization level" and "regional differences" to hot topics, such as "flow space," "digital economy," and "smart city." Thereafter, we pointed out that Chinese Cybergeography has achieved fruitful achievements in the past 20 years and even has international leadership in some fields; however, compared with the rich and colorful theoretical establishments in the West, various problems and challenges are still present. For example, a relatively old-fashioned disciplinary thinking based on the absolute space concept currently exists, while limited attention has been paid to research on virtual societies and metaphor space, as well as the critical discourses on cultural and social consequences of digital transition. Furthermore, the big data method also tends to be overused in existing research, whereas the fieldwork-based approach has largely been neglected. Finally, we provide prospects for future research on Chinese Cybergeography by proposing that, in response to the digital and intelligent transformation in today's world, there is an urgent research agenda to establish China-characterized Cybergeography by incorporating Western establishments in theories and Chinese demands in practice. On the one hand, enriching the current research perspective is necessary by incorporating epistemologies from critical and humanistic geography. On the other hand, Chinese Cybergeography needs to keep up with the development and changes in social practices to continuously expand the research scope, such as focusing on the impacts of emerging digital technologies (such as artificial intelligence and metaverse) on urban and regional development. Therefore, Chinese Cybergeography can aid decision makers in promoting urban digital transformation, development of the digital economy, and coordinative development among different regions and cities.

Global-local interaction is an important research topic in economic geography.In recent years, the rapid development of digitalization in various countries and regions has profoundly affected the global production and trade networks.However, there is a lack of systematic theoretical discussion on digitalization and global-local interaction studies.The objective of this study is to conceptually rethink the role of digitalization in reshaping global-local interactions from a dynamic and relational perspective.To do this, the study first systematically reviewed the digital turn in economic geography and discussed the rethinking of digitalization.It is found that the understanding of digitalization is gradually moving beyond the limits of isolated, static, and passive technocentric approaches and towards a more dynamic, relational, and open perspective.Second, the study combined the "digital turn" with the "relational turn" in relational economic geography, which constructs theoretical bridges between digitalization and global-local studies.Third, this study provided a basic understanding for sorting out the evolution of the research frameworks, that is, from the global value chain (GVC) to the global production network (GPN) and then to the digital ecosystem (DE).We argued that digitalization has been deeply involved in shaping the global economic landscape, restructuring global-local production relations, and reconstructing regional development.Based on this recognition, we discussed the primary performance of digitalization on the restructuring of global-local interaction from three aspects: enterprise relationship, spatial effect and interaction mechanism.Finally, grounded in the practice of China's urban and regional digital economy development, the possible theoretical innovations and prospects for future research on digitalization and global-local interaction in the Chinese context were proposed.The study pointed out that we can integrate the regional practices of China's digital development with more in-depth research from the perspectives of the platform ecosystems, spatial effects, location analysis, local development models, and so on in future research.

数字经济已成为推动经济高质量发展和共同富裕的重要抓手.本文梳理数字经济对中国经济高质量发展的影响机制,并构建了创业与创新两条传导路径.基于2011-2018年中国287个地级及以上城市的面板数据集,从时空两个维度对数字经济与经济高质量发展的演变特征进行分析,并运用空间杜宾模型和中介效应模型对其影响过程、机理与空间异质性进行实证检验.结果表明:①2011-2018年间,中国数字经济和经济高质量发展水平呈现整体提升趋势,但两者均存在明显的时空差异特征.②数字经济水平的提高有助于本地经济高质量发展,而对邻近地区经济高质量发展没有表现出显著的积极影响,即存在一定的数字隔离.③在东部、中部和东北地区,数字经济对经济高质量发展具有显著的积极作用,且在东部地区的影响效果最为明显.数字经济对不同类型城市经济高质量发展的影响程度大致呈现从特大城市到中小城市依次递减的趋势.④中介效应模型的结果验证了创业和创新水平是数字经济推动经济高质量发展的中介变量,但同时这种传导效应存在明显的空间异质性.

新冠肺炎疫情作为突发公共卫生事件,在全球范围造成了灾难性后果.自2020年2月,中国各地政府出于防控疫情蔓延和促进复工复产的目的,相继出台健康码政策,迄今已成为中国有效防控疫情的重要手段和经验.本文通过对全国295个地级及以上市的健康码政策扩散时间及其影响因素进行事件史分析,探究该项首创于地方政府的应急政策迅速扩散至全国范围的时空过程及其机制.研究发现:①数字化水平和经济实力优越的城市采取健康码政策的反应速度更快.②邻近城市政府间的"学习"和"竞争"行为会提高健康码政策扩散速度,而省级政府的垂直指导压力所发挥的作用不显著.③政策企业家是加快健康码政策扩散的有力推手.④各市疫情状况以及与疫情热点地区的地理距离会对健康码政策扩散产生影响.本文通过分析新冠肺炎疫情背景下健康码政策的扩散动因,为理解公共危机情境下应急政策的制定和扩散机制提供经验总结和政策启示.

As an emerging global city, Shanghai has experienced significant growth in its creative economy over the past two decades. By reconstructing a large number of old constructions into creative industry clusters, Shanghai has attracted a significant number of creative talents from across the globe. Informed by the theoretical discourse on the social network- based understanding of the production of creative spaces, this paper engages in a semi-structured interview analysis to shed light on the formation mechanism of place-anchored networks in Shanghai’s design industries. Creative spaces for the design industry in Shanghai are largely concentrated in inner-city areas and consist of six functional types: design enterprises or studios, arts and creative parks, educational institutions, exhibition centres, social networking spaces, and cultural and business areas. These multi-layered creative spaces are formed through intensive social interactions, knowledge spillovers, and functional complementation among creative designers and institutions. Finally, the implications of place-anchored networks for creative industries are discussed within the context of the planning and design of creative cities.