Geological storage of CO2 through hydrate formation is a promising approach for carbon sequestration, but its large-scale application remains limited by uncertainties in hydrate distribution and long-term evolution in complex reservoirs. This review systematically examines the occurrence patterns, formation mechanisms, and main controlling factors of gas hydrates in porous media, with a focus on both natural reservoirs and laboratory systems. Hydrate behavior is mainly controlled by sedimentary structure, grain size, and interfacial properties. Coarse-grained and high-permeability sands often promote pore-invading growth, while fine-grained media tend to show particle-displacement behavior. In addition, complex pore structures and fast flow paths increase the diversity of hydrate distribution. We also summarize the effects of key factors, including particle size, temperature, pressure, salinity, wettability, additives, and fluid flow. These factors influence nucleation, growth rate, morphology, and spatial distribution, which together explain the wide range of hydrate patterns observed in natural sediments and laboratory systems. Future work should improve in situ techniques, develop cross-scale models, and strengthen risk assessment to support reliable hydrate-based CO2 sequestration.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have become a key environmental issue of widespread concern at present. Currently, the use of metal oxide based chem-resistive gas sensors is restricted due to their high operating temperature and short lifetime. Therefore, the development of efficient and rapid gas sensors is of great significance in modern research. A lead-free double perovskite, Cs2AgBiBr6 (CABB), can be activated by ultraviolet light and generate a large number of free carriers, which have the potential to increase charge density and enhance the gas sensitivity. Photo-induced carriers provide sufficient reactants, contributing to the interaction between target gases and sensitive semiconductors. A ZIF-67/CABB heterojunction combines gas adsorption by ZIF-67 and photo-activated gas sensing response by CABB in one device, with a response that can reach up to 95.55% when illuminated with 365 nm light and an incident power density of 17.34 mW cm-2. The average response and recovery times of the ZIF-67/CABB heterojunction can reach 51.54 s and 3.17 s under UV illumination. To achieve the maximum response, the heterojunction devices need to work with the bias of 5 V, which response and recovery times are 60.54 s and 2.68 s, and it is comparable to commercially available CO2 gas detectors. The heterojunction system decreases the dark current density from 3.89 A m-2 to 0.78 A m-2 and also decreases the light current density from 18.48 A m-2 to 5.33 A m-2 compared with pristine CABB at a 5 V bias as evidenced by current-voltage characteristic curves, thereby promoting the response and stability of the device. The linear dynamic range of the heterojunction gas sensor is 1700 ppm-14 000 ppm, with a sensitivity of 0.0013% ppm-1. After more than 35 min of continuous stable operation, the current density remains consistent. This efficient and stable device with a wide operating voltage range represents the future of high-performance photo-induced gas detector applications.

For the problem of fatigue damage that occurs easily in the right-angled structure of bridge cranes, the stress influence of the right-angled structure is analyzed with Ansys. In this paper, the right-angled structure of bogie for the bridge crane is as the research object, and its FEA model is built with plate elements. After sensitivity analysis, the factors influencing stress are determined. According to the stress influence sequence, the trends between these factors and the stress are studied respectively by response surface method (RSM). Then, an agent model, that considers the overall structure and integrates the multi-factors effects, is built to enhance the efficiency of stress calculation for right-angled structures.

Gantry cranes play a vital role in outdoor material handling operations; however, the progressive deterioration of their braking performance over time elevates the risk of wind-induced sliding. Conventional methods for assessing wind resistance often lack dependable field validation and advanced measurement techniques. This study introduces an innovative approach that combines simulation with instrumentation to evaluate gantry cranes in operational conditions. A multi-body dynamic model incorporating both rigid and flexible leg components was developed using ANSYS and ADAMS software. This model quantitatively characterizes the relationship between wind velocity and supporting reaction forces, while accounting for uneven load distribution across different leg types. An equivalent wind load model was formulated to link measurable hydraulic cylinder thrust to theoretical wind loads, incorporating load proportionality coefficients derived from comprehensive simulations across diverse crane geometries. Sensitivity analyses identified ground roughness exponent and static friction coefficient as the primary parameters affecting model accuracy. Building upon this framework, an intelligent detection device was engineered, featuring dual hydraulic cylinders with synchronized pressure and displacement control, achieving displacement measurement accuracy within 10 mm over a 100-meter span. The system integrates real-time wind sensing to adjust for ambient environmental conditions. Field experiments conducted on two distinct gantry cranes (100/32 t and 30.5 t 20 m) confirmed the model’s validity, establishing their wind resistance thresholds at 43.5 m/s and 48.7 m/s, respectively. This research offers a practical and precise methodology for on-site wind resistance evaluation, substantially improving the safety and operational reliability of gantry cranes by effectively bridging the gap between theoretical modeling and empirical verification.

The frequent lifting and transfer of bedridden patients impose a considerable physical burden on nursing staff. To reduce this burden, this paper presents a novel four-arm robotic system for patient transfer, designed to achieve safe, efficient, and coordinated handling in healthcare environments. The paper focuses on the robotic platform and provides a detailed description of its mechanical architecture, control system, and practical application in transfer tasks between healthcare facilities such as beds and wheelchairs. To realize coordinated motion among the four manipulators, a trajectory optimization framework based on nonlinear model predictive control is developed to generate smooth and collision-free motions. Experimental validation in a representative patient transfer task demonstrates the feasibility, coordination capability, and practical effectiveness of the proposed robotic system.

ObjectiveCrane lattice booms feature numerous welds and complex stress conditions, and their fatigue tests are plagued by difficulties such as limited samples, long test time, and high costs. Therefore, this paper aims to obtain a stress distribution in an individual K-joint that is equivalent to that of the integral boom, so as to simplify the analysis.MethodsFirstly, five feasible fixture schemes for the K-joint were determined. Secondly, a quantitative comparison was carried out on the equivalent hot spot stress distribution in the critical region. Finally, fatigue tests were performed on two constraint modes with stress distributions relatively close to the actual situation, and the test results were analyzed.ResultsThe results show that the hot spot stress distributions under the two constraint modes-axial loading on a single chord member and loading with auxiliary members, are relatively consistent with the actual stress distribution of joints in the integral boom, and are more reasonable than loading schemes where loads act simultaneously on the chord and brace members or solely on the brace members. The median error of fatigue life under the auxiliary member constraint loading scheme is no more than 10%. When low precision is acceptable for fatigue tests, single-chord loading is a relatively simple fatigue test method, with a median error not exceeding 20%. The two loading schemes (single-chord axial loading and auxiliary member loading) can be used to analyze critical joints of the integral booms, providing a reference for the selection of fatigue test methods for crane booms.

In‐memory sensing and computing always used optoelectronic memristors for storage and calculation. Double photoelectric states are needed in integration in optoelectronic memristors. In this work, all‐inorganic lead‐free double perovskite Cs 2 AgBiBr 6 (CABB) has been used as a photon absorber. To obtain double photoelectric states for possible application, surface traps in CAAB film provide the possibility. Simultaneous emergence of diverse state with both positive photoconductivity (PPC) and negative photoconductivity (NPC) effects satisfies the artificial‐intelligent sensor demands, which integrate memory and computation in single device, presenting extraordinary modern computing potential. Under 400 nm illumination, CABB film sensor presents PPC‐effects, where photocurrent enlarges as light intensity increases, which PPC responsivity is 0.85 A W −1 . However, under 520 nm illumination, it presents NPC‐effects, where photocurrent decreases as light intensity increases, which NPC responsivity is 0.24 A W −1 . As experimental characterization and numerical simulation shows, NPC is originated from space‐charges accumulation in trap‐states at the interface of CABB and ITO. Traps attract holes and impede electron transfer, reducing carrier concentration and carrier mobility, then enhancing NPC performance. Double effects provide possibility in optoelectronic memristor, where a process of image encryption and operator mapping for calculation are shown in this work, possessing remarkable prospects and providing opportunities for photonic‐chips development.

Environmental protection issues in industrial age have become an important topic of great concern worldwide. Effective greenhouse gas detectors have received significant attention in environmental-monitoring. Semiconductor-based gas sensors have broad prospects due to their simple preparation, convenient usage, and efficient response. Perovskite have emerged for carbon dioxide (CO2) detectors owing to their adjustable semiconductor characteristics. Doping on perovskite as a functionalizing method for enhanced performance is proposed in this paper, aiming to fabricate highly sensitive sensors. Copper dopant could increase surface electron concentration, being conducive to the reaction between semiconductors and targeted gases. Semiconductor carrier concentration boost influenced by doping effect stems from energy-band variation. Gas sensing experiments demonstrate that 15%-molar Cu doping in Cs2AgBiBr6(CABB) has best mobility at 3.304 cm2 V-1 s-1 and it could obtain the best film surface with smooth grains and great gas sensitive response, with a response of 21.11 at 5000 ppm CO2 and 1.5 V bias. Furthermore, the highest sensitivity of CABB (15% Cu) based gas sensor is 0.464% ppm-1, with a linear dynamic range of 1200-1700 ppm. The device exhibited operational stability under continuous repeated usage, ensuring long-term reliability in standard environmental conditions. Average response/recovery times of these CO2 sensors are 3.07/14.16 s, respectively, demonstrating strong potential for gas-sensitive monitoring.

Hydrate-based carbon capture offers a new route for CO2 immobilisation. However, its process stability is significantly affected by restricted mass transfer within porous media, hydrate formation, and flow-path blockage. Existing visualisation studies have primarily focused on regular microchannels, isolated droplets, or idealised pore networks. In heterogeneous porous media, the coupling between CO2 hydrate growth characteristics, occurrence patterns, and hydraulic response remains poorly understood. This study directly visualised CO2 hydrate formation within a heterogeneous microfluidic pore network derived from sediment. Through time-lapse image analysis, hydrate growth kinetics and the evolution of the equivalent relative permeability of the porous medium were characterised. The results indicate that single-crystal growth exhibits a slow-then-rapid pattern, suggesting the presence of mass transfer limitations related to local water supply. In contrast, polycrystalline growth follows a rapid–slow–rapid sequence when bridging occurs, corresponding to an initial nucleation burst, transport-limited growth, and a re-accelerated growth phase upon contact with the wall water film. In a representative local region, the hydrate saturation increased by 50.61%, 20.18% and 29.21% during these three stages, respectively. As the hydrate crystals grew, the pore structure changed markedly: the equivalent relative permeability decreased by up to 77.13%. Even within the connected stage, before any bridging-induced disconnection, the permeability fell substantially while the flow-path tortuosity increased by only about 2.70%. This indicates that the loss of flow capacity was governed mainly by the constriction and blockage of critical pore throats. These results, obtained in a hydrophilic, sediment-derived pore network, reveal how local water distribution and hydrate-shell formation govern CO2 immobilisation and flow-path blockage at the pore scale, providing mechanistic insights relevant to the stability of hydrate-based carbon capture.

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials have demonstrated exceptional potential for X-ray detection due to their high X-ray attenuation coefficient and large mobility-lifetime product. However, severe ion migration leads to signal current baseline drift and increased noise, limiting the imaging performance. In this work, we report a new mechanism by introducing a lattice-matched MABr-PMMA composite polymer film, fabricated through a solution-processed epitaxial growth method. The formation of a PN heterojunction, enabled by electron donation from the MABr component, not only provides efficient surface passivation but also effectively suppresses ion migration in MAPbBr3 perovskite single crystals (SCs). Consequently, the X-ray detector exhibits an ultralow baseline drift of 2.4 x 10-6 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 under a high electric field of 1000 V cm-1, comparable to that of 2D perovskite SCs. It also achieves a high sensitivity of 1.46 x 105 mu C Gyair -1 cm-2 and a low detection limit of 51.2 nGyair s-1. Moreover, the device also demonstrates excellent stability and reliability under various demanding operational conditions, including high-dose irradiation, high-temperature, long-term high biasing, and long-term air exposure storage. In addition, the detector delivers high-resolution and real-time X-ray imaging, highlighting its potential for high-resolution integrated X-ray imaging array applications.

Due to the high operation frequency and intensity, casting cranes are prone to structural fatigue damage. In this paper, a life prediction method is proposed based on digital twin. A prediction model based on LSTM network is established. By combining real-time monitoring data with finite element simulation data and integrating the Miner linear cumulative damage theory, the life prediction of key structures of casting cranes is achieved. The large amount of data generated by the structural digital twin model is used to make up for the shortage of measured data, and to train the LSTM model. Through the analysis of the training and validation loss curves and the R2 accuracy analysis of the validation data set, it is shown that this proposed model can effectively predict the life of the structure.

Achieving global carbon neutrality necessitates the synergistic optimization of CO2-enhanced oil recovery (CO2EOR) and sequestration. However, the intricate multiphase flow dynamics emerging from the interplay between complex reservoir architectures and multicomponent fluid interactions remain a critical bottleneck. This study integrates in situ X-ray computed tomography (CT) with pore-scale topological correlation analysis to quantify the dynamic evolution of gas-water-oil distributions under varied injection regimes. Our results reveal that the alternating occupancy of CO2 and brine creates a dynamic pressure field, which disrupts classical capillary equilibrium. This intermittent flow thins and ruptures oil layers at narrow pore throats. Therefore, residual oil trapped in "dead-end" pores can be effectively remobilized. We quantify this mobilization through interfacial curvature evolution, demonstrating that a reduction in mean curvature serves as a robust quantitative indicator for oil connectivity enhancement. Topologically, network-like residual oil clusters exhibit high sensitivity to local pressure fluctuations, facilitating reconnection and displacement. Furthermore, we establish a definitive porescale trade-off: each 1% increase in CO2 storage efficiency results in a 3.80% reduction in oil recovery. Through Pareto-based multi-objective optimization, an optimal operational window-defined by a CO2 fractional flow of 0.4 and a capillary number of 3.94 & times; 10-7-is identified to maximize the synergy between energy production and carbon storage. These findings bridge the gap between microscopic interfacial phenomena and macroscopic engineering strategies, providing a mechanistic basis for sustainable geo-energy development.

Dual-energy X-ray imaging is of significant interest for medical diagnostics, security screening, and industrial inspection; however, existing approaches based on photon-counting or multilayer detectors often increase the system complexity. Here, we introduce a surface-treated perovskite thin-crystal device with an engineered electrode architecture, enabling high-sensitivity, dual-energy X-ray imaging. With surface treatment, the device achieves enhanced optoelectronic performance with a sensitivity of 4.5 × 104 μC·Gy1-·cm-2, a low detection limit of 13.8 nGy·s-1, and greatly improved device stability. By tailoring the internal electric field distribution through the electrode design, the device achieves controlled absorption of X-ray photons with different energies, thereby exhibiting an excellent energy discrimination capability. Subtraction imaging of overlapping low- and high-density objects was successfully reconstructed by the algorithmic processing of response currents. Furthermore, precise material differentiation was achieved through introducing the ratio of X-ray absorption coefficients (μL/μH), which cannot be realized by conventional X-ray detectors. Our study provides a simple and efficient route for dual-energy X-ray imaging and offers new perspectives for the development of multifunctional perovskite-based devices.

For the poor adaptability of multi-fidelity methods for single-surrogate models, a multi-fidelity optimization method to build a hybrid surrogate model is proposed. This method combines three regular surrogate models, including PRS, Kriging, and RBF. According to the characteristics and prediction accuracy of different surrogate models, a hybrid improved surrogate model is constructed. A ship to shore gantry crane is as the research object. High and low fidelity finite element models of this crane are established. Latin hypercube sampling is used to sample load cases of the crane, and stresses are calculated via the finite element model and extracted into a stress database. On this basis, a low-fidelity surrogate model and a residual surrogate model for the stress points of the crane's key parts are established. Furthermore, these models are combined into a multi-fidelity surrogate model. This model can rapidly predict stress values according to new inputs. The accuracy of the predicted outputs is compared with the actual finite element outputs, which verifies the performance of the proposed model.

This study focuses on the compound risks throughout the entire life cycle of ship to shore gantry cranes. Additionally, it constructs a high-risk fracture-prone area evaluation system that covers the four stages of design, manufacturing, service, and maintenance. Guided by the evolution mechanism of structural fatigue cracks, six typical stress concentration areas on the main girder, drag rods and gantry of ship to shore gantry cranes are selected as evaluation points. Quantitative indexes are obtained through the fusion of finite element simulation and measured data. The qualitative indexes are quantified by a five-level language scale combined with triangular fuzzy numbers. The weight distribution introduces the game theory combination mechanism, and the optimal combination coefficient is solved through the Least Square Method. Subjective weighting is carried out through the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP), and objective weighting is conducted through the Coefficient of Variation Method(CV) and the Entropy Weight Method(EWM), achieving the integration of subjective and objective weighting. The indexes evaluation adopts the Grey Relational Degree -TOPSIS composite model(GRA-TOPSIS). By comparing the ranking results of the combined weight method and the single EWM proposed in this paper through numerical examples, it can be seen that the combined weight method is superior. And it is verified that the index evaluation system is applicable to the identification of high-risk fracture-prone areas of ship-to-shore gantry cranes.

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a vital pathway for global carbon emission reduction, with CO2-enhanced oil recovery (EOR) offering the dual benefits of hydrocarbon production and secure CO2 storage. This study examines how pore geometry and wettability influence CO2 flow, trapping and oil recovery during near-miscible displacement. High-resolution in situ micro X-ray computed tomography was used to visualize CO2 migration and residual oil morphology at the pore scale. The intermittent displacement flow was identified, featuring repeated connection-disconnection of gas clusters within pore throats and bodies, distinct from conventional piston-like flow. This phenomenon is partially induced by Haines jumps, where abrupt capillary pressure fluctuations trigger rapid invasion and reconnection across adjacent pores. Such Haines jump driven instabilities give rise to double or multiple intermittent displacement events, thereby altering gas-oil connectivity and enhancing dynamic redistribution within the pore network. Residual oil topology, quantified via the Minkowski functional framework, revealed that the layered core exhibited the lowest sensitivity to morphological parameters due to structural heterogeneity. Pore-scale oil mobilization was further interpreted using mean curvature as a thermodynamic descriptor; a negative correlation with recovery efficiency was established, with negative curvature enhancing microscopic displacement efficiency and yielding the highest recovery. These findings advance the understanding of pore-scale multiphase flow mechanisms, offer new screening criteria for CCUS-EOR targets.

Reliable monitoring is essential for safe and efficient geological CO2 storage. Distributed fiber optic strain sensing (DFOSS) enables continuous, high-resolution measurements of reservoir deformation and offers a pathway to infer fluid migration; however, practical application is hindered by the lack of robust analytical methods for tracking the displacement front. Here, DFOSS was coupled with X-ray computed tomography (CT) in dynamic core-flooding experiments to quantify the relationship between micro-deformation and internal liquid–gas displacement. A DFOSS-based front-detection method was developed and validated against CT-derived front positions. The strain response systematically precedes the advance of the fluid front, indicating a measurable poromechanical precursor driven by hydromechanical traction. Compared with conventional fixed-threshold criteria, the proposed method remains stable at low injection rates where hydraulic and mechanical effects are strongly coupled. Across all tested conditions, the predicted front positions agree with the X-ray observations. In addition, a negative strain-acceleration signature localized near the front provides a quantitative feature for poromechanical modeling of front-induced deformation. Using an N2KI displacement system to minimize dissolution effects, this study demonstrates DFOSS as a robust tool for tracking gas–liquid migration and deformation evolution, enabling near-wellbore stability assessment through deformation-based criteria for safer CCUS operations.

In the existing experimental research on flow and heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) in horizontal heated tube, the distinction of inlet temperature states is often neglected. To fill this research gap, this paper conducted a series of extensive experiments and conducted comparative analyses of three different heat transfer coefficients. The results indicate that when inlet temperature is below critical temperature and outlet temperature is below pseudocritical temperature, local heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of heat flux. For inlet temperature ranging from 282 K to 285 K, average heat transfer coefficient obtained through the method based on average local wall temperature and fluid temperature exhibits a peak as heat flux increases. Notably, there are significant differences in the growth rates of pressure drop in liquid region and supercritical region. Average absolute deviations of three heat transfer correlations are 4.79 %, 3.55 % and 4.44 %, respectively. In heat transfer region where inlet temperature is below 304 K, average absolute errors of flow correlations, without considering wall temperature and with wall temperature taken into account, are 14.61 % and 9.39 % respectively. The work presented in this paper can provide theoretical guidance for design of heat exchangers.

Due to the limited transverse bearing capacity of the suspension cylinder, a lower arm is introduced between the hub and the gearbox to distribute the transverse load on the suspension cylinder. To analyze the forces acting on this component and its impact on the suspension cylinder, force equations for the hinge points of the lower swing arm and suspension cylinder are derived based on the equilibrium of spatial forces and moments. These equations are validated by indirectly comparing them with the forces on the left and right tires obtained through FEA. The derived theoretical formula is further validated by calculating the stresses on the lower swing arm and comparing them with the simulation results. The comparison shows a good correlation between the theoretical and simulation results, demonstrating the applicability of the formula in engineering calculations.