A flexible strain sensor was obtained by solution-casting a homogeneous chloroform dispersion of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) loaded with 15 wt % carbon fiber (CF) and 5 wt % carbon black (CB). The gauge factor of this sensor increases linearly up to similar to 690 at 100% strain, an order of magnitude larger than values recorded for singly filled SBS/CB or SBS/CF controls. Dynamic tests reveal a virtually rate-independent resistance response and excellent durability. When simply taped to skin, the sensor reproducibly translates repetitive bending of finger, hand dorsum, elbow and knee joints into electrical waveforms, demonstrating its immediate potential for low-cost, skin-conformable wearable electronics that demand both high stretchability and reliable human-motion tracking.

For Mn4+-doped oxide phosphors, a well-established negative correlation exists between luminescent efficiency and host phonon energy. Accordingly, minimizing host phonon energy emerges as a pivotal strategy to boost Mn4+ luminescent performance. To mitigate the inherent trade-off between luminescent intensity and thermal stability that plagues conventional Mn4+-based phosphors, we designed equivalently doped double perovskites derived from the Ca2YB'O6 matrix. Equimolar Zr4+ and W6+ ions were employed to fully replace the pentavalent cations at the B ' sites of Ca2YB'O6, yielding a charge-balanced host lattice (Ca2YZr0.5W0.5O6, CYZW) with structurally compatible doping sites for Mn4+. The B '-site substitution effectively modulated the cation-oxygen bond configurations and lattice rigidity, which in turn optimized the local coordination environments around Mn4+ ions while suppressing non-radiative relaxation pathways. Systematic characterization results revealed that CYZW:Mn4+ achieved an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 55.5% under 332 nm excitation (emission peak at 679 nm). More impressively, it retains 68.4% of its room-temperature emission intensity at 423 K, and this retention performance outperforms most previously reported Mn4+-doped double perovskite phosphors. Complementary plant growth lighting experiments further corroborated that the red luminescence emitted by the material exerts a positive regulatory effect on plant growth. Overall, this work proposes a feasible compositionoptimization strategy for high-performance Mn4+-activated double perovskite phosphors, thereby providing valuable guidance for the rational design of advanced materials targeting solid-state lighting and plant cultivation applications.

Gas-sensing performance can be markedly enhanced by constructing metal-oxide semiconductor nanocomposites. In this study, Tb2O3/SnO2 composite nanofibers with varying Tb2O3 concentrations were synthesized via a straightforward electrospinning method followed by annealing. The heterostructure of Tb2O3/SnO2 composite nanofibers was thoroughly characterized using techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-Vis, and XPS. Gas-sensing properties were evaluated using a static gas testing system. The results demonstrate that the sensor with 1 mol% Tb exhibits excellent acetone sensing performance at 320 degrees C, showing a response value of 63.7-100 ppm acetone-two times higher than that of pure SnO2 sensors. Moreover, it maintains a response level under high humidity comparable to that of pure SnO2 under low humidity, although all sensors show a noticeable decrease in performance under elevated humidity. The sensor also exhibits good selectivity and a subppm detection limit of 0.2 ppm, highlighting its potential for non-invasive diabetes monitoring through exhaledbreath analysis.

In most Mn4+ aliovalent-doped A2BB’O6 phosphors, the generated defects acted as non-radiative quenching centers, which intensified the phonon-electron interaction and thereby enhance the non-radiative transition. In this study, Mn4+-based isovalent-doped double perovskite luminescent materials were targeted for investigation. Equimolar Zr4+ and W6+ cations were employed to fully replace the B’ (pentavalent cations) sites in Sr2GdB’O6, thereby providing isovalent doping sites for Mn4+ ions, which substantially improved the luminescent efficiency and thermal stability of the materials. The results demonstrate that the as-prepared red luminescent material Sr2GdZr0.5W0.5O6:Mn4+ (SGZW:Mn4+) exhibits an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 46.47%. At 423 K, the emission intensity retained more than 71% of its room-temperature emission intensity. In plant growth lighting tests, the high-efficiency SGZW:Mn4+ effectively provided red light supplementation for plants. Additionally, white light-emitting diode (WLED) packaging tests confirmed that its red emission plays a crucial role in regulating the color temperature of the WLED device. This work achieved the performance enhancement of Mn4+-activated double perovskite red luminescent materials through composition optimization, offering an effective modification strategy for the design of analogous material systems in the future.

This study investigated the influence of liquid surface tension on bubble generation and evolution during gas injection into a downward-flowing liquid through physical modeling and theoretical analysis. The results revealed two distinct bubble formation mechanisms depending on varied process conditions. A stable gas curtain could be formed at the orifice with higher surface tension and lower gas flow rate, and bubbles were generated via the bag rupture and tail pinch-off of a gas curtain, resulting in a broad bubble size distribution with large bubbles exceeding 12 mm. However, under either lower surface tension or higher gas flow rate, bubbles formed through direct detachment from the orifice without the formation of a gas curtain structure, yielding a narrow size distribution in the range of 2-6 mm. A two-dimensional force analysis model characterizing bubble detachment at the orifice was established to provide a predictive formula for the bubble equivalent radius, which showed a good agreement with experimental measurements. This work elucidates the regulatory effects of gas and liquid flow rates on bubble size across varying surface tension conditions, offering a theoretical basis for optimizing argon injection processes to improve refining efficiency.

A well-documented negative correlation exists between the luminescent efficiency of Mn4+-doped oxide phosphors and oxygen vacancy concentration; therefore, minimizing the latter serves as a core strategy to enhance Mn4+ luminescent performance. To address the inherent trade-off between luminescent intensity and thermal stability in conventional Mn4+-doped phosphors, this study designed equivalently doped double perovskite materials based on Ca2GdB’O6. Via the complete substitution of pentavalent cations at the B’-site of Ca2GdB’O6 with equimolar Ti4+/W6+, a charge-balanced matrix (Ca2GdTi0.5W0.5O6, CGTW) was constructed, which features Mn4+-compatible doping sites. Comprehensive characterizations demonstrated that the CGTW:Mn4+ red phosphor achieves an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 63.61% under 322 nm excitation. At 423 K, its emission intensity retains 74.3% of the value measured at 298 K, outperforming the majority of previously reported Mn4+-doped double perovskite materials. Supplementary lighting experiments for plant growth further verified that the red emission of this material exerts a positive effect on plant growth. This work presents a feasible composition-optimization strategy for high-performance Mn4+-activated double perovskite phosphors, thereby providing guidance for the rational design in the fields of solid-state lighting and plant cultivation.

By precisely tailoring the calcination temperature of the electrospun polymer precursor, we succeeded in fabricating spinel-structured CuFe2O4 nanotubes that possess a well-defined nanotube architecture with outer diameters ranging from 200 to 300 nm. Compared with the mixed CuO and alpha-Fe2O3 phases formed at lower temperatures, these single-phase nanotubes offer significantly enhanced gas-sensing performance. Operating at an optimal working temperature of 200 degrees C, the CuFe2O4 nanotubes exhibit a pronounced response toward 1 ppm hydrogen sulfide (H2S), achieve an impressive detection limit as low as 100 ppb, and demonstrate excellent linearity (R2 approximate to 0.996) across the concentration range of 0.1-3 ppm. This combination of high sensitivity, low detection limit, and reliable quantification capability makes the CuFe2O4 nanotubes highly promising for real-time, trace-level H2S monitoring in environmental, industrial, and breath-analysis applications.

Addressing the critical bottlenecks of high overpotential and poor stability in commercial IrO2 catalyst, this study pioneers an "oxygen defect-carrier synergy" strategy to revolutionize acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Through a facile one-step hydrothermal synthesis, we construct oxygen-deficient IrO2-x nanoparticles anchored on CeO2 carriers (IrO2-x/CeO2). Advanced in situ Raman spectra and XPS analyses reveal that the introduction of oxygen defects significantly optimizes the electronic structure of IrO2, exposes abundant active sites and reduces kinetic barriers. Moreover, the strong metal-support interaction between IrO2-x and CeO2 induces the generation of highly active tetravalent iridium (Ir4+) species and trivalent cerium (Ce3+) defect sites, synergizing with defects to establish a hierarchical active-center network. Electrochemically, the catalyst achieves a low over-potential of 230 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and maintains stability for 200h in 0.5 M H2SO4 without significant degradation. This work not only delivers a noble-metal-efficient OER catalyst but deciphers the dynamic interplay between defect evolution and interfacial elctronic effects, accelerating the deployment of renewable energy technologies.

The decoration of noble-metal remains an effective and general strategy to rejuvenate "old" sensing materials for targeted gases. Herein, gold was loaded onto electrospun SnO2 nanofibers by a simple impregnation route and the resulting hybrids were employed to detect nitric oxide (NO). XRD, TEM, XPS and elemental mapping corroborated that metallic Au clusters were successfully anchored on the fiber surface. Owing to the spill-over effect, these clusters supply additional active sites and chemisorbed oxygen. Gas-sensing measurements revealed that, even at a relatively low operating temperature, the Au-decorated SnO2 nanofibers delivered a striking response of 37.3 toward 200 ppb NO, whereas negligible cross-responses were observed to typical interferents in exhaled breath. Moreover, the sensor exhibited excellent repeatability and long-term stability. These results demonstrate the remarkable potential of Au surface functionalization for boosting the NO-sensing performance of SnO2 nanofibers.

In the majority of Mn4+-doped AA'BB'O6 phosphors with aliovalent substitution, the in-situ formed defects typically serve as non-radiative quenching centers. These defects not only strengthen phonon-electron coupling but also facilitate non-radiative transition processes, thereby limiting the luminescent performance of the materials. To address this challenge, the present work focuses on the investigation of isovalently doped double perovskite luminescent materials activated by Mn4+ ions. Specifically, equimolar amounts of Ti4+ and W6+ cations were introduced to completely substitute the pentavalent B'-site ions in the SrLaMgB'O6 host lattice. This rational compositional design creates isovalent doping sites tailored for Mn4+ ions, which significantly enhances both the luminescent efficiency and thermal stability of the resulting materials. Experimental results indicate that the as-synthesized red-emitting phosphor SrLaMgTi0.5W0.5O6:Mn4+ (SLMTW:Mn4+) achieves an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 57.2%. Moreover, the emission intensity of SLMTW:Mn4+ retains over 84.72% of its room-temperature value at 423 K, demonstrating excellent thermal stability. In plant growth lighting tests, the high-performance SLMTW:Mn4+ phosphor effectively delivers supplementary red light that meets the photosynthetic requirements of plants. Overall, this study realizes the performance enhancement of Mn4+-activated double perovskite red phosphors through precise composition optimization, providing a feasible and effective modification strategy for the design and development of analogous luminescent material systems in future research.

MgO/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have been surface modified with the silane coupling agent KH-570. The modified NPs (KMA) were added to poly (butylene succinate-co-terephthalate) (PBST) to prepare the K-PMA composite films. The modification improved the compatibility between MgO/Ag NPs and PBST matrix. The study comprehensively investigated the effects of modified MgO/Ag NPs on the mechanical, antibacterial, and preservation properties of bio-nanocomposite films. The incorporation of NPs substantially improved the mechanical and barrier properties of the PBST matrix. The composite films exhibited the best overall performance when the nanoparticle content is 3 %. In particular, the elongation at break, tensile strength, and water vapor permeability (WVP) were 794.67 %, 32.20 MPa, and 1.53 x 10-11 g center dot m/m2 center dot s center dot Pa, respectively. Furthermore, the K-PMA-3 composite film exhibited excellent antibacterial properties and food preservation performance. The inhibition rates against Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus), Escherichia coli ( E. coli), and Salmonella paratyphi B ( S. paratyphi B) were all over 98 %. After 6 days of preservation experiments, the mass loss of cherry tomatoes wrapped with KPMA-3 film was only 5.9 %, which was only 45 % of the mass loss of cherry tomatoes wrapped with PMA-3 film. The results showed that the prepared biofilms have a great potential to be used as food packaging films.

In this work, ZnO@SnO2 core-shell nanofibers were synthesized through a facile coaxial electrospinning method and used to detect ethanol vapor. The core-shell nanofibers were characterized using various techniques, such as XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS. The characterization results show that the core-shell nanofibers are solid and have a higher concentration of chemisorbed oxygen species on their surface compared to both pure ZnO and SnO2 nanofibers. The gas-sensing experiment results demonstrate that the core-shell nanofibers exhibit higher sensitivity than both pure nanofibers. Specifically, upon exposure to 100 ppm ethanol vapor at 320 degrees C, the response of the core-shell nanofibers is 53.2, with minimal cross-sensitivity to other interfering vapors. Additionally, the core-shell nanofibers show good repeatability and long-term stability. The superior sensing performance is attributed to the heterojunction formed between ZnO and SnO2, which enhances the surface chemisorption of oxygen species and facilitates efficient charge transfer.

SiO2 was hydrophobically modified using vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMO), then modified SiO2 NPs were grafted onto poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) matrix. The modified PBAT composite films were prepared by the solvent evaporation method. FTIR,EDX and XPS analyses were performed to study the chemical structure of the modified films. The hydrophobic surface morphology was studied by SEM. The UV-blocking properties of the films were studied by UV spectroscopy. The effects of the hydrophobically modified SiO2 on the hydrophobicity, mechanical properties, barrier properties, and antibacterial adhesion properties of PBAT were investigated. Results showed that optimum performance was achieved when the SiO2 content was 2 %. The contact angle increased from 66 degrees to 146 degrees. The mechanical properties decreased slightly. The barrier properties were also improved. The inhibition rates for E. coli and S. aureus reached 99 %. All the results proved that the modified PBAT-based films could be used as food packaging films.

In this study, chitin microcapsules were synthesized via the sol-gel method and subsequently functionalized through the encapsulation of curcumin and alizarin. These microcapsules were then incorporated into a polybutylene terephthalate adipate (PBAT) matrix at varying ratios to fabricate active smart packaging membranes. Microscopic morphology (SEM) analysis revealed that the microcapsules exhibited an ovoid morphology. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR) analyses showed that curcumin/alizarin does not alter the crystal structure of the microcapsules and that there are hydrogen bonding interactions with the microcapsules. To enhance antimicrobial performance, zinc oxide nanoparticles (5 wt%) were introduced into the composite film. Notably, the composite film with a microencapsulation content of 3 wt % exhibited an inhibition rate of 95.7 % and 98.3 % against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Finally, the composite films were assessed for their ability to monitor shrimp freshness. The results indicated that the films not only extended the shelf life of shrimp but also functioned as an effective freshness indicator by signaling spoilage.

The development of efficient oxygen evolution (OER) catalysts in neutral media is crucial for the production of biomixed fuels and chemicals. The unique reaction environment makes the reaction kinetics sluggish and poses significant challenges for catalyst design. Therefore, this study presents the synthesis of W, Cr-Co3O4 electrocatalysts using the hydrothermal calcination method for neutral OER. The doping of W and Cr modulates the electronic structure of Co3O4 and enhances electrical conductivity. Moreover, the double doping of W and Cr accelerates the catalyst's reconstruction, thereby improving catalytic activity. The optimized W, Cr-Co3O4 demonstrates efficient OER catalytic performance in 1 M phosphate buffer solution, with an overpotential of 347 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and stable operation for over 100 h. This work deepens the understanding of the reconstruction mechanism of OER catalysts in a neutral environment and provides valuable insights for the design of stable and efficient catalysts.

Vertically aligned nanostructures are usually beneficial for ion diffusion during the charge/discharge process and thereby, are suitable to be electrodes for pseudo-supercapacitor applications. Herein, vertically aligned delta-MnO2 nanowalls are successfully grown on the surface of ultrathin stainless-steel foils by a facile fabrication process that combines the conventional hydrothermal method with the polymer-assisted disposition method. The materials are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Due to the unique structural characteristics of delta-MnO2 nanowalls, the electrodes exhibit excellent electrochemical capacitive performances. In particular, a quasi-solid-state asymmetric device exhibits a high energy density of 53.24 mu Wh/cm(2) at a power density of 451 mu W/cm(2). The device also exhibits outstanding cycling stability with a high capacitance retention (similar to 94.5 %) after 30,000 cycles.

Through a simple electrodeposition method, SnO2/MnO2 nanocomposite films were directly deposited onto ultrathin stainless steel (SS) foils for use in electrochemical supercapacitors. The materials were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical experiments revealed that the SnO2/MnO2 electrodes exhibited a high gravimetric capacitance of 876 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using the SnO2/MnO2 nanocomposite as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode. This asymmetric device demonstrated a capacitance of 72.2 F/g at 1 A/g and retained approximately 87.45% of its initial capacitance after 28,000 cycles, highlighting its excellent cycling stability and practical application potential. The combination of high capacitance and robust stability makes this SnO2/MnO2 nanocomposite a promising candidate for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.

Developing efficient and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) under industrial current densities remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report a self-optimizing NiFeOOH catalyst via in situ reconstruction of nickel‑iron oxalate ((NiFe)C2O4) coupled with dynamic carbon oxyanion conversion. Operando electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveal that oxalate ligands accelerate charge transfer and promote the deep oxidation of Ni to active Ni4+ species. Combined with theoretical calculations, it is found that spontaneously adsorbed carbonate ligands induce dual electronic modulation: (1) Stabilizing Ni4+ through metal-to-ligand charge transfer and enhancing OH- adsorption kinetics; (2) Lowering the Fe 3d band center and strengthening FeO covalency, which weakens *OH adsorption and inhibits Fe dissolution. The optimized catalyst achieves extremely low overpotentials: 227 mV at 100 mA cm-2 and 300 mV at 1 A cm-2, and exhibits-2, with a sixfold stability improvement at 1 A cm-2 compared to conventional NiFe hydroxides. In practical AEMWE single cells, it delivers 0.5 A cm-2 at 1.65 V and 1.0 A cm-2 at 1.76 V, while maintaining stable performance for 500 h at 0.2 A cm-2. This dynamic ligand-catalyst interplay strategy breaks the activity-stability trade-off, advancing industrial water electrolysis.

Superior gas sensing properties may be obtained by forming suitable metal/semiconductor nanocomposites. In this work, gold (Au) was utilized to form composite nanofibers with tin oxide (SnO2) to detect nitric oxide (NO) gas. Au/SnO2 composite nanofibers were synthesized through a facile electrospinning and annealing treatment. Various techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, UV-vis, XPS, and BET, were used to characterize these Au/SnO2 heterostructures. The characterization results demonstrate that Au exists in the form of metallic clusters even at an extremely low concentration of 0.1 at% and, it can provide more active sites and chemisorbed oxygen species due to its spillover effect. The gas sensing results show that the Au/SnO2 composite nanofibers exhibit excellent sensing performance to NO at 130 degrees C. Specifically, the composite nanofiber with 0.1 at% Au shows an ultrahigh response of 183 (resistance ratio) to 100 ppb NO gas at 130 degrees C. The sensor exhibits good selectivity, repeatability, and long-term stability. These remarkable sensing properties indicate that Au/SnO2 composite nanofibers have promising applications to some demanding fields such as detecting NO from human exhaled breath.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were prepared by top-down hydrothermal method by corn stalks as a carbon source. The CQDs were composited with titanium dioxide (TiO2) to improve its antibacterial properties under visible light. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by UV-Vis, EA, PL, TEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS. PL analysis showed that the prepared CQDs had good upconversion fluorescence properties. FTIR and XPS demonstrated that the CQDs were successfully loaded onto the surface of TiO2, which were connected by C-O-Ti bonds. Finally, the effect of CQDs on the photocatalytic and antimicrobial properties of TiO2 was evaluated.