Replacing soiled bed linens is a common practice in intensive care units . We identified dust-driven transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii correlated with changing bed linens by air sampling and genome-based analysis. This uncovers a hidden airborne route, which needs to be considered to design countermeasures against multidrug-resistant organisms.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), a WHO's critical priority pathogen, continuously evolves to generate health-threatening high-risk (sub)lineages. Here, we conducted a 10-year surveillance of nosocomial CRKP infections, collecting and whole-genome sequencing 1513 clinical isolates, accompanied by clinical data. We applied fine-scale genome analysis for 60,724 non-local public-available K. pneumoniae genomes. We identified a predominant ST11-KL64 sublineage widely-disseminated across China and internationally-distributed. Isolates of this sublineage were more frequently recovered during seasonal influenza peaks and harbored plasmids encoding 'hypervirulence' factors but caused no increase in patient mortality. Instead, they exhibited enhanced invasiveness and translocation capacity. Mechanistically, this suggested highly invasive CRKP (hiCRKP) sublineage showed elevated resistance to macrophage-mediated phagocytosis, partly due to the virulence-encoding plasmid and the loss of two chromosomal fimD gene copies. Additionally, hiCRKP isolates carried more antimicrobial resistance genes, resulting in enhanced resistance to clinically important quinolones and tetracyclines. To address the hiCRKP-imposed challenge, we constituted a phage cocktail, which significantly improved survival in a murine infection model. Our findings unveil a clinically-relevant high-risk sublineage resulted from the ongoing evolutionary diversification of CRKP. Importantly, the 'hypervirulent' CRKP is more potent to cause diseases rather than the thought-to-be more deaths, explaining its rapid emergence in healthcare settings.

ObjectivesMethicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious public health burden in Tibet, where genome-informed epidemiological data remain limited. This study aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology of MRSA among Tibetans and explore factors associated with its elevated prevalence.MethodsWe analyzed 115 non-duplicate MRSA isolates from Tibetans, comprising 51 hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) from clinical infections and 64 community-colonizing MRSA (CA-MRSA). CA-MRSA isolates were obtained from nasal swabs of hospitalized patients within 24 h of admission (to exclude nosocomial acquisition) and from their family members between June and December 2023. All isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole-genome sequencing (WGS)-based typing [sequence type (ST), spa, SCCmec]. We performed core-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (cgSNP) phylogeny and profiled resistance and virulence determinants.ResultsThe MRSA nasal colonization rate was 10.53%. The clone CC59-ST59-SCCmec IV-t437 predominated, accounting for 59.4% of CA-MRSA and 39.2% of HA-MRSA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a distinct Tibetan MRSA cluster with limited genetic relatedness to strains from other Chinese provinces. cgSNP analysis identified seven CA-MRSA transmission clusters defined by ≤25 cgSNP differences, approximating the ≤25 wgSNP threshold. a finding corroborated by epidemiological links to shared households or hospital exposure. While ST59 conserved core virulence determinants (capsule biosynthesis, iron acquisition), ST22 uniquely harbored the egc cluster and was uniformly positive for the lukS-PV/lukF-PVloci. No significant virulence differences were observed between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA within the same ST. All isolates remained susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid, exhibiting concordant resistance profiles across both settings.ConclusionCC59-ST59-SCCmec IV-t437 is the predominant MRSA lineage in Tibet and shows substantial clonal overlap between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA. These results support the use of whole-genome sequencing to guide empirical therapy and highlight the need for continued surveillance and targeted infection control in this high-burden region.

Skin and subcutaneous diseases (SSDs) represent a growing global health burden. This study aims to assess global, regional and national trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with 15 specific SSDs from 1990 to 2021, providing a comprehensive stratification by age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI) and region. Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, covering 204 countries, were analysed for age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs. Temporal trends were assessed using annual percentage change, age-period-cohort modelling and compositional analysis by SDI and GBD region. In 2021, SSDs accounted for 4.7 billion incident cases, 2.0 billion prevalent cases, 119 129 deaths and 41.9 million DALYs globally. Incidence and prevalence have increased by >35% since 1990, with a higher burden among females and older adults. Immune-mediated and inflammatory SSDs have overtaken infectious conditions in high- and middle-SDI regions, while infections still dominate in low-SDI regions. Sub-Saharan Africa and tropical Latin America had the highest incidence and mortality burdens, respectively. A marked epidemiological shift was observed across most regions, with notable compositional transitions in SSD types over time. SSDs are increasing globally, with significant regional and socio-economic disparities. Targeted interventions and improved access to dermatologic care are critical for addressing the growing burden, especially in resource-limited regions.

Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacter (CPEn) has globally emerged to be a severe threat to human health. However, the disease spectrum, impact on affected patients' outcomes, and transmission of CPEn are largely uncharacterized. We performed genome sequencing on a collection of CPEn clinical isolates spanning a six-year period, collating corresponding disease spectrum data and patient prognosis. Among the 128 sequenced CPEn, 2/3 were clinical isolates from a range of infections with bloodstream infections the most common. The remaining isolates were obtained from patient screening and considered to be colonizing the patients. Most (77.6%) CPEn infection isolates were healthcare associated. The predicted in-hospital mortality rate of patients with CPEn infections was 32.9%. We extended our analysis to all publicly available Enterobacter genomes in China to uncover the population structure and transmission of CPEn by phylogenomic analysis. There were 562 CPEn isolated in China among the 14,648 publicly available Enterobacter genomes. Consistent with our local isolates, ST171 E. xiangfangensis encoding blaNDM-1 or blaNDM-5 was the most common CPEn type in hospitals across China. Intra-hospital transmission and several inter-hospital and cross-region transmission/strain-movement events of ST171 CPEn were observed. In conclusion, CPEn typically causes healthcare-associated infection and is a severe clinical problem. Countermeasures may need to focus on patient transfer and environmental cleaning including sinks.IMPORTANCECarbapenemase-producing Enterobacter (CPEn) causes difficult-to-treat infections and has emerged globally as a significant antimicrobial resistance threat. Here, we generated genome sequences of 128 CPEn clinical isolates with accompanying clinical data. We found that CPEn causes a variety of infections, typically healthcare associated, and also asymptomatically colonizes patients. Among infections due to CPEn, bacteremia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection are the most common. CPEn infections lead to a high predicted in-hospital all-cause mortality rate (32.9%). We examined all publicly-available Enterobacter genomes, identified an additional 562 CPEn strains from China, and unveiled the complex population structure of CPEn. We identified multiple intra- and inter-ward transmissions in the hospital and uncovered several inter-hospital and cross-region dissemination of CPEn. Infection control is key to counter CPEn and may need to include enhanced environmental hygiene and measures to reduce transmission related to patient transfer.

BackgroundFungal skin diseases represent pervasive global health concerns, predominantly arising from dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds.ObjectiveThis study aimed to estimate the disease burden associated with fungal skin diseases in 2021. Additionally, it sought to analyze trends from 1990 to 2021 and forecast future patterns.MethodsThis observational study first utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database covering the years 1990 to 2021. We specifically used data from GBD 2021 to evaluate the global incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), disaggregated by age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and GBD regions. Linear regression models were then employed to identify temporal trends, estimating the annual percentage change. Cluster analysis examined disparities across 45 GBD regions. To forecast future disease burden, we applied the age-period-cohort model and the autoregressive integrated moving average model.ConclusionIn 2021, there were approximately 1.73 billion global cases of fungal skin diseases. Males had higher age-standardized rates for incidence, prevalence, and DALYs compared to females. Age-specific analyses showed that although younger groups experienced the highest incidence rates, ASRs increased with age, especially among older populations. Regionally, low and middle SDI areas faced the greatest burden, with Asia having the highest incidence and Oceania the lowest. Projections suggest significant increases in incidence, prevalence, and DALYs, notably in middle- and low-income regions. These results highlight meaningful spatiotemporal disparities in fungal skin diseases and emphasize the need for strategic allocation of resources to mitigate these challenges and reduce the growing burden across various global populations.

We describe the genome of a lytic phage isolated from sewage, which is capable of lysing ST2 KL104-type carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains. The genome is 167,208 bp in length, has a guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 37%, and includes 266 protein-coding sequences and five tRNAs.

We report the genome of a phage phi1_092033, isolated from sewage, which effectively lyses carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains of various capsule types. phi1_092033 represents a species of genus Saclayvirus. Its genome consists of 104,070 bp, with a GC content of 38%, containing 188 protein-coding sequences and 13 tRNAs.

BackgroundThe scarcity of knowledge regarding the epidemiology and temporal patterns of viral skin diseases worldwide poses significant challenges to their control and management.MethodsWe analyzed the global incidence, prevalence, and age-standardized rates (ASR) of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for viral skin diseases in 2021. To examine temporal trends from 1990 to 2021, we employed the EPAC model, assessing changes by country, gender, age, Socio-demographic Index (SDI), and GBD regions. Additionally, we utilized the age-period-cohort (APC) model and the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model to forecast the burden of viral skin diseases for the next 25 years.ResultsIn 2021, the global burden of viral skin diseases was estimated at 84.7 million incident cases, with a prevalence of over 130 million cases and 4.2 million DALYs. Males experienced a slightly higher ASR burden than females. The highest burden was observed among individuals aged 10 to 19, with significant geographical variations in cases and ASR, particularly in high SDI regions. Unexpected rises in incidence were noted in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa in the detected period. Despite modest declines in ASPR and ASDR, the global ASIR displayed a significant upward trend.ConclusionOur study provides detailed data on the global impact of viral skin diseases from 1990 to 2021, highlighting the need for continuous surveillance and tailored interventions to manage and reduce the effects of these diseases. Targeted public health measures are essential to address and mitigate the global health burden of viral skin diseases.

Background: Oncomelania hupensis (O. hupensis), the unique intermediate host for Schistosoma japonicum, exerts a substantial influence on the risk of schistosomiasis. Being amphibious freshwater snails, the growth, development, and reproductive distribution of O. hupensis are intricately tied to climatic environmental variables. This study aims to predict O. hupensis habitat risks along the Yangtze River in China, considering multiple environmental factors. Methods: Data pertaining to the distribution of O. hupensis, including both presence and absence records, with the Jiangsu section of the Yangtze River basin for the period 2017-2021, were retrieved from the Jiangsu Schistosomiasis Control Information Platform. Ten machine learning algorithms and an ensemble model were used to explore environmental drivers. Three datasets (Snail_CLIM, Snail_TOPO, and Snail_ALL) incorporating climatic and topographic variables were examined for their impact on model accuracy. We conducted validation using the AUC and TSS metrics. Moreover, we utilized the data from the 2022 snail field survey for model external validation. Results: The findings demonstrate that snail_ALL, which incorporates both climatic and topographic variables, exhibits superior performance (ensemble model: sensitivity = 98.000, specificity = 95.960, AUC = 0.994). Among the ten model algorithms, Random Forest (RF) exhibited the highest degree of accuracy and stability (Snail_ALL: AUC = 1.000 +/- 0.000, TSS = 0.985 +/- 0.005). The key environmental factors affecting snail distribution included the distance to the nearest river, elevation, annual precipitation, and annual average pressure. High-risk areas manifested as two distinct concentrations: downstream of the Luhe District in Nanjing and at the confluence of Zhenjiang and Yangzhou. The results of 2022 field validation showed that over 90 % of the data points for snail breeding sites are concentrated in medium to high-risk areas. Conclusion: By selecting pertinent environmental variables and employing ensemble modeling techniques, we can accurately predict O. hupensis habitats. The resulting risk distribution map for snail habitats not only provides valuable insights but also serves as a guiding tool for targeted monitoring and control measures. The holds particular significance within the contest of the Yangtze River protection and restoration projects.

ABSTRACT Two Enterobacter strains 170198 T and 170250 T were isolated from clinical blood samples from distinct patients in a hospital in Chengdu, China, in 2022. These isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. A phylogenomic tree based on 2,096 concatenated core genes showed that the two strains were clustered within the genus Enterobacter . The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA–DNA hybridization ( is DDH) values between each of the two strains and type strains of all currently known Enterobacter species were determined. The two strains belonged to two novel species as the highest ANI and is DDH values with type strains of all currently known Enterobacter species below the cutoff for species demarcation (96% for ANI and 70% for is DDH). Then the physiological and biochemical studies demonstrated that biochemical features and the profile of whole fatty acids of strains 170198 T and 170250 T were largely consistent with those known Enterobacter species. Nevertheless, the two novel species can be differentiated from all other Enterobacter species by certain biochemical characteristics. In conclusion, 170198 T and 170250 T represent two novel species of the genus Enterobacter , for which we propose Enterobacter chinensis sp. nov. and Enterobacter rongchengensis sp. nov., as the species names. The type strains of Enterobacter chinensis sp. nov., and Enterobacter rongchengensis sp. nov. are 170198 T (=GDMCC 1.3549 T =JCM 35826 T ) and 170250 T (=GDMCC 1.3670 T =JCM 36189 T ), respectively. The two novel species have clinical significance with the ability to cause bloodstream infections. IMPORTANCE Enterobacter is a group of bacteria comprising several common opportunistic pathogens and has a complicated taxonomy. Here, we reported two novel Enterobacter species. We demonstrated that the two novel species can be differentiated from other Enterobacter species by certain phenotypic characteristics and therefore provide information for designing tests for identification. We also showed that strains of the two novel species are able to cause human bloodstream infections and carry multiple virulence factors and therefore are of clinical significance. We highlight that the virulence of Enterobacter is less studied and warrants further exploration. We believe that the findings here are valuable for enhancing the appreciation toward Enterobacter , an important pathogen.

Madelung disease is an uncommon metabolic disorder of uncertain pathogenesis, distinguished by the symmetric accumulation of nonencapsulated adipose tissue within the subcutaneous layer of the neck, abdomen, thighs, and other anatomical regions. This condition has been tightly connected with comorbidities including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypothyroidism, and adrenal dysfunction, as well as sensory, motor, and autonomic polyneuropathy. The prevalence of Madelung disease is conspicuously higher in Mediterranean and Eastern European, with a distinct scarcity within the Asian population. Surgical interventions involving lipectomy and liposuction represent the foremost and most efficacious treatment approach. Herein, we present a case encompassing type II Madelung disease featuring bilateral thighs adipose tissue accumulation. The patient exhibited unexplained priapism alongside multiple venous thrombosis during four surgical interventions. The infrequent manifestation of postoperative hypercoagulability in patients of Madelung disease merits broad attention, owing to the potentiality for extensive venous thrombosis and consequential severe outcomes such as pulmonary embolism or cerebral infarction arising from thrombus dislodgment. Building upon this clinical scenario, we systematically documented the clinical manifestations and disease progression in this patient, meticulously analyzed the causes of complications, and proposed targeted preventive measures. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive review of the relevant literature to summarize the clinical and epidemiological features of Madelung disease and to elucidate its mechanisms. This study will provide a valuable reference for future clinical treatments and mitigate perioperative complications of Madelung disease.

Klebsiella aerogenes is an understudied and clinically important pathogen. We therefore investigate its population structure by genome analysis aligned with metadata. We sequence 130 non-duplicated K. aerogenes clinical isolates and identify two inter-patient transmission events. We then retrieve all publicly available K. aerogenes genomes (n = 1,026, accessed by January 1, 2023) and analyze them with our 130 genomes. We develop a core-genome multi-locus sequence-typing scheme. We find that K. aerogenes is a species complex comprising four phylogroups undergoing evolutionary divergence, likely forming three species. We delineate remarkable clonal diversity and identify three worldwide-distributed carbapenemase-encoding clonal clusters, representing high-risk lineages. We uncover that K. aerogenes has an open genome equipped by a large arsenal of antimicrobial resistance genes. We identify two genetic regions specific for K. aerogenes, encoding a type VI secretion system and flagella/chemotaxis for motility, respectively, both contributing to the virulence. These results provide much-needed insights into the population structure and pan-genomes of K. aerogenes.

Fogging prevention and environmental monitoring in a greenhouse are usually accomplished by different components, as the former relies on persistent surface-wetting capability, while the latter requires conductivity or capacitance to vary with ambient conditions. Combining these seemingly unrelated functions presents a significant challenge. Here, we report an all-in-one hydrogel that integrates these exclusive functions, enabling it to simultaneously work as an anti-fogging coating and environmental monitor in greenhouses. The strategy involves constructing loosely crosslinked hydrophilic networks enriched with abundant free ions and a specific amount of glycerol. The transparent hydrogel, composed of long-chain polymers, exhibits excellent adhesion to the inner surface of the greenhouse film and significantly decreases its water contact angle by filmwise condensation, thereby reinforcing the anti-fogging properties of the film without sacrificing its transparency. Meanwhile, the presence of glycerol and free ions enables the gel to sustain a wide range of temperature and humidity while displaying environmentally sensitive conductivity, endowing the gel with the same function as conventional rigid environmental sensors. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, a wireless indoor environmental monitoring system in a homemade lean-to greenhouse is established by utilizing hydrogel as the sensing module, which also performs well in prohibiting fogging on the greenhouse film. We hope this work could provide some inspiration for the development of multifunctional intelligent greenhouse films.

Background Among all fetal heart block patients, > 50% cases are associated with maternal autoimmune diseases, and such patients should receive treatment. However, nearly half of fetal heart block cases involve a mother with negative results following autoimmune antibody screening. A few studies have reported long QT syndrome (LQTS) can also present as a severe fetal bradycardia, which does not respond to fetal treatment. Herein, we reported a rare case of an infant who presented with high-degree autoimmune-mediated fetal atrioventricular block (AVB) with LQTS induced by a novel KCNH2 variant. This case led us to review our prenatal therapeutic strategy. Case presentation A 1-year-old boy presented to our heart center having experienced syncope 5 times in the past year. He had previously presented with fetal bradycardia during the fetal stage from 27 + 3 gestational weeks. The fetal echocardiography demonstrated AVB (2:1 transmission). As the maternal autoimmune antibody results were positive, his mother had received dexamethasone treatment during pregnancy; subsequently, the fetal AVB had changed from 2:1 to 4:3 transmission with elevated ventricular beating rates. However, this patient was identified to have complete AVB after birth. The initial electrocardiogram and Holter measurements at hospital administration showed complete AVB, pleomorphic ventricular tachycardia, a prolonged QT interval (QT = 602 ms, corrected QT = 538 ms), and wide and deep inverted T-waves. Meanwhile, torsades de pointes could be observed in several transit ventricular tachycardias based on Holter monitoring review. Genetic testing revealed KCNH2 c.2483G > A variant–induced LQTS. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator device and permanent pacemaker were both considered as therapeutic alternations; his parents ultimately accepted the implantation of a permanent pacemaker. Conclusions For fetuses with autoimmune-mediated AVB, intrauterine treatment should still be pursued immediately. However, once the treatment outcomes are deemed unacceptable or unexpected, other genetic variant–related channelopathies should be highly suspected. If the fetus lacks a positive family history, fetal genetic testing should be recommended to improve the prognosis of such patients by introducing integrative therapeutic strategies between the prenatal and postnatal phases.

RNA molecules play a crucial role in regulating and catalyzing biological processes and are closely linked to the development of numerous diseases, including neurological disorders and cancer. To achieve their biological regulatory functions, most RNA molecules require binding to other small molecules. Consequently, predicting the binding sites of RNA and small molecules is essential for the research of targeted drug development for RNA. However, only a limited number of relevant methods have been proposed thus far, and predicting RNA-small molecule binding sites remains a challenging task. To improve our ability to predict such binding sites, we require better models that can integrate RNA features more effectively. Those current computational models do not fully leverage the sequence features of RNA. In this paper, we propose a deep learning model, RBSP-CAN, to effectively predict RNA-small molecule binding sites by utilizing attention and convolution mechanisms that focus on the sequence features of RNA. The experimental results demonstrate that RBSP-CAN outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in predicting binding sites.

It has been shown previously that the NaBiO3 (NBO) could efficiently photocatalytically degrade organic contaminants because of its excellent photocatalytic property. In this study, we proposed a heterogeneous catalytic system of NBO for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) without light irradiation. The results showed that NBO/PMS exhibited excellent performance toward bisphenol AF (BPAF) degradation and mineralization. The effectiveness of the NBO/PMS system was also investigated in different multicomponent systems. The effects of initial pH, NBO dosages, and PMS concentration for BPAF degradation were also investigated. Radical quenching experiments combined with electron spin resonance analysis indicated that singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) was the main reactive oxygen species, and .SO4- and .OH- radicals participated in the process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the main catalytic mechanism: lattice oxygen (O-vac) was extruded during the transformation of Bi(V) to Bi(III) to form and activate oxygen (O*), and the generated O* between the [BiO6] regular octahedral layers reacted with PMS on the NBO surface to form O-1(2). Based on the results of the Bi element, it is suggested that the activation process proceeded through electron transfer from NBO to PMS. The stability of NBO and applicability of the NBO/PMS system in a natural water environment were explored. This work provides a novel approach to PMS activation and the potential use of NBO for the decontamination of organic pollutants.

Multiple carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) clones typically co-exist in hospital wards, but often certain clones will dominate. The factors driving this dominance are largely unclear. This study began from a genomic epidemiology analysis and followed by multiple approaches to identify the potential mechanisms driving the successful spread of a dominant clone. 638 patients in a 50-bed ICU were screened. 171 (26.8%) and 21 had CRKP from swabs and clinical specimens, respectively. Many (39.8% of those with ≥7-day ICU stay) acquired CRKP. After removing 18 unable to recover, 174 CRKP isolates were genome sequenced and belonged to six sequence types, with ST11 being the most prevalent ( n = 154, 88.5%) and most ( n = 169, 97.1%) carrying bla KPC-2 . The 154 ST11 isolates belonged to 7 clones, with one (clone 1, KL64 capsular type) being dominant ( n = 130, 84.4%). Clone 1 and the second-most common clone (clone 2, KL64, n = 15, 9.7%) emerged simultaneously, which was also detected by genome-based dating. Clone 1 exhibited decreased biofilm formation, shorter environment survival, and attenuated virulence. In murine gut, clone 1 outcompeted clone 2. Transcriptomic analysis showed significant upregulation of the ethanolamine operon in clone 1 when competing with clone 2. Clone 1 exhibited increased utilization of ethanolamine as a nitrogen source. This highlights that reduced virulence and enhanced ability to utilize ethanolamine may promote the success of nosocomial multidrug-resistant clones.

In this study, H2O2 was introduced into thermally activated persulfate oxidation system (T-HPS), and the oxidation of pyrene (PYR) was investigated by the combined T-HPS technology. The results showed that H2O2 could significantly improve the reactivity of the thermally activated persulfate system (T-PS), with 240-min PYR degradation ratio increasing from 79.3% to 97.2% at 70 °C. In the T-HPS system, as persulfate initial concentration increased from 5 to 100 μM, the kinetic rate constant (kobs) of PYR degradation increased from 4.70 × 10-3 to 3.01 × 10-2 min-1, but the kobs did not show a positive association with H2O2 concentration with the same range, and the highest kobs was obtained at the H2O2 initial concentration of 20 μM. The optimal ratio of PS and H2O2 was set at 1:1 with the initial concentrations of the two oxidants both being 20 μM. Furthermore, PYR could be removed efficiently in a wide range of pH, and the best PYR degradation performance was obtained under neutral pH. Scavenging experiments demonstrated that OH played a more important role in PYR degradation in the T-HPS system than in the T-PS system. As suggested by the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy decreased from 124.5 to 107.4 kJ mol-1 after adding H2O2 to the T-PS system. This study provides a new oxidation approach that could prompt the T-PS activity by adding a suitable dosage of H2O2.

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is a global challenge for human health. In health care settings, patients have frequent interactions with other patients and the environment, rendering challenges for untangling the introduction and transmission of CRKP.