Precise regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remains a key challenge for electroactive antibacterial systems, where uncontrolled ROS may compromise both efficacy and safety. Here, we report a biomimetic nanozyme platform constructed by in situ growth of polyaniline (PANI) on stainless steel mesh, enabling electrochemically programmable antibacterial activity. The PANI-modified interface exhibits tunable catalytic behavior under external electrical inputs, allowing spatiotemporal control over ROS generation and scavenging, as well as quantitative regulation of ROS dosage. This ordered and dose-defined ROS modulation enables rapid bacterial inactivation followed by controlled attenuation of excess ROS. Mechanistic studies reveal that interfacial electronic coupling and hydrogen-bond network reconstruction govern ROS dynamics and catalytic pathways. This work establishes an electroactive antibacterial composite platform based on programmable nanozyme interfaces, providing a general strategy for controlled ROS-related processes with potential relevance to infection control and beyond.

Precise monitoring and regulation of uric acid in synovial fluid is crucial for understanding uric acid-related pathological environments. Here, we construct and evaluate a bifunctional Au@CeO2 nanorod nanozyme platform that integrates ultrasensitive electrochemical sensing with photoelectrochemically driven uric acid degradation. The core-shell architecture couples plasmonic Au with catalytically active CeO2, facilitating detection of uric acid down to sub-nanomolar levels and effective catalytic degradation via ROS (*OH, *OO-, and 1O2). In situ Raman, EPR, and DFT studies provide insights into enhanced charge transfer and catalytic mechanisms at the heterointerface. Furthermore, the platform demonstrates coupled uric acid sensing and degradation performance in a simulated synovial fluid environment. Overall, this study provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of a nanozyme-based electrochemical platform for integrated uric acid sensing and regulation under laboratory conditions and establishes a foundation for future investigations toward localized biofluid monitoring and modulation.

This study presents a colorimetric method for the detection of Hg2+ and discrimination of cysteine (Cys) and homocysteine (Hcy) based on the peroxidase (POD)-like activity of copper-gold nanoparticles (CuAuNPs). CuAuNPs with an average size of approximately 15 nm were synthesized via a one-step reduction method and exhibited intrinsic POD-like activity, catalyzing the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 to produce a blue-colored product with a characteristic absorbance at 652 nm the addition of Hg2+ specifically enhances the catalytic activity of CuAuNPs, resulting in a distinct color change of the TMB-H2O2 solution from light blue to dark blue. Conversely, introduction of Cys or Hcy leads to competitive binding between their thiol (-SH) groups and Hg2+, forming stable S-Hg complexes, resulting in a concentration-dependent fading of the blue color. The distinct suppression extents between Cys and Hcy enable their discrimination. Under optimized conditions, the method enables quantitative detection of Hg2+ in the range of 100-900 nM (R-2 = 0.990) with a detection limit of 10 nM, and achieves satisfactory recoveries of 90.4-110.2% in spiked emollient water samples. For Cys and Hcy, linear responses are obtained over 5-40 & micro;M (R-2 = 0.991; LOD = 2.5 & micro;M) and 6-50 & micro;M (R-2 = 0.992; LOD = 2.3 & micro;M), respectively. The assay was successfully applied to rat serum samples, yielding recoveries of 99.4-108.1% (RSD < 6.2%) for Cys and 95.0-104.1% (RSD < 6.4%) for Hcy. The proposed method is simple, rapid, and selective, offering a promising nanozyme-based platform for environmental monitoring and biomedical diagnostics.

While orthopedics has seen rapid clinical growth, the rising global burden of trauma, infections, tumors, and metabolic bone disorders presents significant diagnostic challenges. Traditional laboratory assays often fall short due to lengthy turnaround times and high costs, highlighting an urgent need for more efficient diagnostic alternatives. Rapid and precise biomarker monitoring in physiological fluids is critical for early disease detection, timely intervention, and optimized patient outcomes. Electrochemical sensors offer a promising solution, providing high sensitivity, selectivity, and the capacity for multiplexed analysis at the point of care. This review evaluates the current performance and potential of electrochemical platforms in detecting specific biomarkers and organic molecules associated with common bone pathologies. We further analyze electrochemical sensing mechanisms, the role of emerging functional materials, and the development of technology-integrated sensing platforms. Finally, the remaining hurdles and future prospects for the clinical translation and commercialization of these sensors in orthopedic practice are discussed.

Chiral recognition by monometallic nanozymes has received extensive attention. However, determining the basis of the chiral identification properties of bimetallic nanozymes is critical and poses challenges. Herein, by leveraging L-tryptophan (LW), L-histidine (LH), L-proline, L-tyrosine and L-dipeptide (LWLH) as chiral ligands, four kinds of bimetallic nanozymes were fabricated based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) modified onto the surface of copper nanoparticles (LWLH@CuNPs) . The substrate 3,3 ',5,5 '-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was efficiently oxidized to yield blue oxTMB in these nanozymes-H2O2 systems, verifying their peroxidase-like activity that resulted from the synergistic effect of the bimetallic nanozymes. Notably, in the presence of D,L-tryptophan (D,L-Trp), the visible absorbance of oxTMB at 650 nm in the LW@AuNPs-LWLH@CuNPs-TMB-H2O2 system was significantly altered, in the contrast with the other three bimetallic nanozymes and monometallic LWLH@CuNPs. The mechanism underpinning the enhanced chiral discrimination ability of LW@AuNPs-LWLH@CuNPs was based on hydrogen-bonding and electron transfer. Furthermore, the proposed LW@AuNPs-LWLH@CuNPs nanozymes were applied to measure L-Trp in saliva samples. This study deepens understanding of the advantages of incorporating AuNPs onto CuNPs, specifically, improving the peroxidase-like activity of bimetallic nanozymes and highlighting their potential for colorimetric chiral recognition of D,L-amino acids.

BACKGROUND:Gastrointestinal foreign bodies represent a significant clinical challenge in emergency and surgical settings. While accidental ingestion predominates in healthy adults, intentional ingestion is frequently observed in pediatric, psychiatric, and incarcerated populations. Metallic sewing needles, characterized by their sharp morphology and high mobility, pose particular risks of visceral injury and complications due to their penetrative potential. Although preoperative imaging facilitates initial localization, subsequent migration of multiple needles complicates therapeutic interventions, increasing procedural complexity and patient risk. CASE SUMMARY:We present a novel application of magnetic-assisted localization in managing a complex case of intentional ingestion of 30 metallic sewing needles in a psychiatric patient. The widespread distribution of needles throughout the gastrointestinal tract necessitated an innovative surgical approach. Intraoperative implementation of cylindrical magnetic localization technology enabled precise identification and successful extraction of all foreign bodies while minimizing tissue trauma. CONCLUSION:Magnetic-assisted localization represents an effective and safe technique to manage multiple magnetic gastrointestinal foreign bodies. This approach offers significant advantages in complex cases, particularly for needle-like metallic objects, and warrants consideration as a valuable tool in gastrointestinal surgery.

Protein complexes are central to cellular function and respond rapidly to pharmacological perturbations. Co-fractionation mass spectrometry (CoFrac-MS) is widely employed to analyze protein complexes by analyzing individual chromatographic fractions, but it is labor-intensive and slow. To address these challenges, we introduce a chromatography-guided strategy enabling rapid identification of drug-perturbed protein complexes. It combines cross-linking enhanced reversed phase liquid chromatography cofractionation (XL-CoFrac) for high-resolution separation with ChromaQuant, a custom tool for precise peak quantification and differential analysis (https://hplcfdu.shinyapps.io/ChromaQuant/). Subsequent targeted MS analyses, guided by ChromaQuant, collectively establish the XL-CoFrac-Q-MS workflow. In proof-of-concept studies, we first adopted XL-CoFrac to MCF7 cells and profiled representative protein complexes. ChromaQuant demonstrated exceptional precision, achieving coefficients of variation below 1% and replicate correlations exceeding 0.98. Furthermore, we analyzed RS4;11 leukemia cells treated with increasing concentrations of the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 using the XL-CoFrac-Q-MS workflow. Seven chromatographic peaks that changed consistently with the drug concentration were selected to be identified by this approach. MS analysis of these peaks revealed cross-linked peptides from the BCL-2 associated protein complex. Specially, cross-linking peptides between BCL-2 and FKBP38 may shed light on the mechanisms underlying resistance to ABT-199. Further pathway enrichment analysis provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving ABT-199 induced apoptosis. Collectively, the XL-CoFrac-Q-MS strategy holds significant potential for broad applications, including rapid screening of drug targets and elucidation of protein complex dynamics across various pharmacological and pathological conditions.

Type I photodynamic therapy (PDT), generating superoxide anion radicals (O2•-), presents a potent strategy against tumor resistance by virtue of its low oxygen dependence, ensuring efficacy in hypoxic tumors where traditional Type II PDT is limited. However, accurate O2•- detection with high spatiotemporal and subcellular resolution remains a critical unmet need. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of HPQ-CF3, a novel fluorescent probe. Upon selective reaction with O2•-, HPQ-CF3's trifluoromethanesulfonate group departs, unmasking a hydroxyl group to generate the highly fluorescent HPQ-OH, a fluorophore incorporating the HPQ moiety. Crucially, the inherent low aqueous solubility of HPQ-OH leads to its in situ precipitation, enabling precise spatial localization of O2•- generation sites. HPQ-CF3 exhibits high specificity, a rapid response (<300 s), a remarkable ∼200-fold fluorescence enhancement, a low limit of detection (LOD, 0.13 μM), and excellent linearity. HPQ-CF3 demonstrated significantly superior performance over the commercial probe DHR123 for intracellular O2•- detection; its unique precipitation-based mechanism inherently minimizes background fluorescence while anchoring the signal at its origin, affording a substantially enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and markedly improved localization accuracy. Furthermore, HPQ-CF3 successfully monitored O2•- production in complex biological settings, including solid tumors. HPQ-CF3 is anticipated to be an invaluable tool for investigating O2•--related pathophysiology and advancing Type I photosensitizer development.

The presence of ferric ion (Fe3+) impurities can reduce the stability and efficiency of organic solvents, which can significantly impact the production of chemicals, food, medical supplies, and daily necessities. Herein we describe the synthesis of organic-soluble carbon dots (CDs) and their first application for Fe3+ detection in various organic solvents without requiring pretreatment procedures. The CA-CDs were prepared via a solvothermal method using caffeic acid (CA) as a precursor and anhydrous ethanol as the solvent. The presence of Fe3+ triggered changes in the fluorescence intensity of CA-CDs and exhibited good linearity in five protonic and non-protonic solvents with different polarities, including ethanol (3.0-50 μM, R 2 = 0.9915), methanol (5.0-50 μM, R 2 = 0.9903), ethyl acetate (5.0-50 μM, R 2 = 0.9945), acetonitrile (6.0-50 μM, R 2 = 0.9998), and dichloromethane (4.0-40 μM, R 2 = 0.9940). The corresponding detection limits were 0.96, 1.66, 1.54, 1.73, and 1.19 μM, respectively. Owing to the formation of an iron hydroxyl complex, CA-CDs demonstrated high selectivity towards Fe3+ over other potentially interfering metal ions in both pure solvents and solvents containing 1% (v/v) water. The accuracy of CA-CDs was validated by comparison with results from the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer method. With the above outstanding properties, the proposed CA-CDs were successfully employed for Fe3+ quantification in automotive ethanol gasoline with a detection limit of 2.82 μM. Compared to the contamination and errors associated with sample pretreatment in most conventional assays, the CA-CD-based platform offers low-cost, high sensitivity, selectivity, operational simplicity, and contamination-free detection.

Some approaches or parameters were employed to indicate the stage of stable pitting such as the energy distribution obtained by the wavelet analysis or the Hilbert spectra, the recurrence quantitative parameters obtained from the recurrence analysis, and the noise resistance as well in the electrochemical noise analysis. The pitting current density may be a key parameter for the stable pitting estimation which determined the dissolution-diffusion sustainable dynamic balance in the pit according to the theoretical framework proposed by Li, Scully, and Frankel. While the pit stable product defined the critical transportation condition under the high pitting current density. The pitting current growth rate as well as its amplitude was adopted to indicate the stable pitting transition according to the electrochemical transient analysis during the stainless-steel pitting process, which may provide the quantitative indicator agreed with the theoretical framework.

Enzymatic activity is important for a variety of technological applications, but the limited stability and complex structures of enzymes often limit their use.

This article proposes a finite-time adaptive control strategy for a class of vibration isolation systems with external disturbances and full-state constraints. Time-varying barrier Lyapunov functions are designed to achieve suppression performance under limited rattle space. Adaptive laws are applied to deal with parameters uncertainty which is caused by various mass and momentum. By regarding internal coupling terms and external disturbances as lumped disturbances, a predefined-time observer is employed to handle them. Furthermore, command filters are used to remove the burdens of the computational explosion. With the aid of auxiliary system, command filters errors are eliminated. And the actuator saturation is addressed by auxiliary system as well. By using the finite-time Lyapunov stability theory, it proves that all the states converge in finite time. Finally, simulations are given to verify the effectiveness and benefits of the developed control strategy with a trade-off between the improved suppression performance, limited mechanical constraints and robustness.

Carbon dots (CDs) with positive surface charges are considered one of the encouraging nanomedications for antibacterial applications. However, due to the distinctive membrane structure of Gram-negative bacteria, cationic CDs with relatively high concentrations are usually required for effective treatment, which might bring out serious safety issues at high doses. Therefore, it is of substantial significance to improve the killing efficiency of cationic CDs on Gram-negative bacteria at appropriately low concentrations. In this work, optimized cationic CDs (bPEI(25 000)-CDs) were prepared via a hydrothermal method with citric acid and branched PEI25000, which offered a positive surface potential, elimination abilities against Escherichia coli, and relatively high biosafety. The optimized bPEI(25 000)-CDs can further assemble with the clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT) drug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) through electrostatic interaction. Moreover, compared with bPEI(25 000)-CDs and 5-ALA, the bacterial survival rate was significantly reduced by the ALA-bPEI(25 000)-CD-induced PDT effect. Even when the dose of bPEI(25 000)-CD carrier was halved, the bacterial survival could be reduced by 44.4% after light exposure compared to those incubated in the dark. The investigation of the bacterial morphology, membrane potential, and intracellular ROS production suggested that the enhanced antibacterial activity may be due to the membrane dysfunction and cell damage resulting from the high interaction between positively charged ALA-bPEI(25 000)-CDs and the bacterial cell membrane. Meanwhile, the cationic ALA-bPEI(25 000)-CDs may facilitate the cellular uptake of 5-ALA, resulting in a more efficient PDT effect. In summary, the antibacterial strategy proposed in this study will provide a novel approach for expanding the application of CD-based nanomedications.

In this work, Ni/P clusters have been successfully decorated onto the surface of Co nanoparticles. The surface decoration with Ni/P clusters greatly enhance the electron interaction in the catalytic system. The optimized catalyst exhibits a high activity for electrocatalytic glycerol oxidation coupling with alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. A hydrogen-producing electrolysis cell with formate faradaic efficiency of 64.5 % has been assembled, which can achieve a decomposition voltage as low as 1.37 V at a current density of 10 mA cm -2 . More importantly Ni/P clusters not only serve as real active sites, but also as reaction switches to regulate the progress of oxygen evolution reaction and glycerol oxidation reactions via tunning the reaction pathway. This study provides a scientific insight into developing future reaction switch for electrocatalysis.

This study introduces an advanced electrochemical biosensor that utilizes MoS 2 @CNT as an electrode material combined with a specific DNA probe to detect Salmonella Typhi rapidly and accurately. The sensor offers a broad detection range from 1.0 x 10- 6 to 1.0 x 10- 18 molL- 1 and boasts an exceptionally low limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 x 10- 20 molL- 1 for the target bacterium. It demonstrates a detection range from 1.0 x 10 4 to 1.0 x 10 11 CFUml- 1 in real samples, with a corresponding LOD of 1.0 x 10 4 CFUml- 1 . Rigorous testing against base mismatches and various bacterial strains confirms its specificity, ensuring reliable performance. Validated in real samples, the biosensor can accurately identify Salmonella Typhi in water and milk, achieving recoveries ranging from 92.95 % to 99.58 %. The exceptional performance of the biosensor is attributed to the MoS 2 @CNT electrode material and the specific DNA recognition probe, which enhance electron transfer and reduce steric impedance. These improvements contribute to the sensor ' s enhanced sensitivity and specificity, making it a significant advancement in public health safety by providing a rapid and accurate tool for detecting Salmonella Typhi in food samples.

Recently, MOFs@AuNPs composites-based catalysts via anchoring of AuNPs onto metal–organic-frameworks (MOFs) have attracted great attention. However, the influence of the AuNPs loading amounts on the catalytic activity of MOFs@AuNPs composites remains largely unexplored. Here, ficin (Fic) protected AuNPs (Fic@AuNPs) anchored onto the surface of UiO-66-NH2 (UiO) modified with poly(2-vinyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidine) (PV) were designed and constructed. The UiOPVFic@AuNPs composites with longer PV chains leading to high-loading Fic@AuNPs exhibited intense peroxidase (POD)-mimetic activity in 3,3′5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) oxidation. Further, following the colour-fading, dopamine (DA) was sensitively and selectively monitored in the composites-TMB-H2O2 system. The portable smartphone sensing platform-based colourimetric method had good linearity ranging from 3.34 to 36.7 μM (R2 = 0.995), with a limit of detection of 0.3 μM. This protocol explores high-loading AuNPs on polymer-MOFs composites, providing deep insights into understanding catalytic activity improvements of polymer-MOFs@AuNPs catalysts and revealing their application potential in real biological samples analysis.

Considering the electrochemical noise (EN) transients corresponding to some anodic activity events on stainless steel, the electron current liberated from these events was analyzed using an equivalent circuit model during the transient period. The film damage spread was believed to be responsible for an ultralong current transient, which contrasts with the common short current transient observed during metastable pitting growth. The average cathodic resistance of the final stage during current growth in the transient was utilized as a characterization parameter for protective loss of passive film, given the high correlation with both cathodic and anodic resistance. Quantitative analysis of major transients can provide a practical approach for estimating the anodic current trace as well as its involved charge, anodic current density, and loss of film resistance throughout the evolving sophisticated localized corrosion process.

The Fluid Physics Research Rack (FPR) is a research platform employed on-board the Chinese Space Station for conducting microgravity fluid physics experiments. The research platform includes the Microgravity Active Vibration Isolation System (MAVIS) for isolating the FPR from disturbances arising from the space station itself. The MAVIS is a structural platform consisting of a stator and floater that are monitored and controlled with non-contact electromagnetic actuators, high-precision accelerometers, and displacement transducers. The stator is fixed to the FPR, while the floater serves as a vibration isolation platform supporting payloads, and is connected with the stator only with umbilicals that mainly comprise power and data cables. The controller was designed with a correction for the umbilical stiffness to minimize the effect of the umbilicals on the vibration isolation performance of the MAVIS. In-orbit test results of the FPR demonstrate that the MAVIS was able to achieve a microgravity level of 1–30 μg 0 (where g 0 = 9.80665 m ∙ s −2 ) in the frequency range of 0.01–125 Hz under the microgravity mode, and disturbances with a frequency greater than 2 Hz are attenuated by more than 10-fold. Under the vibration excitation mode, the MAVIS generated a minimum vibration acceleration of 0.4091 μg 0 at a frequency of 0.00995 Hz and a maximum acceleration of 6253 μg 0 at a frequency of 9.999 Hz. Therefore, the MAVIS provides a highly stable environment for conducting microgravity experiments, and promotes the development of microgravity fluid physics.

Defect detection of industrial products is a critical technology for ensuring product quality. Reconstruction methods based on deep networks have gained popularity as effective detection methods. Networks that reconstruct images by learning normal picture representations exhibit a strong ability to generalize to abnormal areas, making the difference between the original and reconstructed images less apparent. To address this challenge, we propose a novel anomaly detection framework called Inpainting-GAN, which incorporates the idea of inpainting from image restoration. Our framework introduces the concept of using masks to transform the image reconstruction process into an restoration way. By training the generative adversarial network to prioritize restoring normal features, the framework aims to enhance the distinction between the reconstructed image and the original input image. We also use a multi-scale mask to solve the problem that a single-scale mask cannot effectively cover large abnormal areas, and use a multi-scale gradient magnitude similarity loss to reduce the impact of scale transformation on the quality of the repaired image. In addition, we locate the abnormal regions of the image according to the multi-scale gradient similarity algorithm. We extensively experimented on the MVTec dataset, surpassing other methods in three categories and achieving superior results. Additionally, our method outperforms other methods in terms of overall average defect detection results.

The response performances of the crystalline organic fluorescence probe are highly dependent on the long-range ordered arrangement of crystalline structure. Herein, a novel organic crystalline fluorescent probe with a high quantum yield was established through the rapid self-assembly of 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) benzene (H4TCPB) and DMF molecules. Each H4TCPB, which connects to four DMF molecules through hydrogen bonds, acts as the structural unit. The building units are packed by π–π, lone pair···π, and lone pair···lone pair interactions to form solid-state crystalline materials. H4TCPB·4DMF exhibits distinct blue fluorescent under UV light, while the quantum yield is as high as 89.02% and the fluorescence lifetime is 1.95 ns. The H4TCPB·4DMF nanocrystal exhibits a specific fluorescence quench sensibility to tetracycline (TC), compared with the common chemicals and ions in environmental water. Moreover, the test results can be obtained quickly and are easily visible to the naked eye. The limit of detection for TC is as low as 12 nM in an aqueous solution. Spectral analysis and density functional theory (DFT) theoretical calculations were used to explain the fluorescence quenching mechanism of H4TCPB·4DMF toward TC, which could be attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer occurring from H4TCPB·4DMF to TC. Our work enriches the database of crystalline luminescent materials and provides theoretical support for the design and mechanical studies of organic fluorescent probes.