六价铬毒性很强,含六价铬的工业废水严重危害人类健康.制备了一种掺杂碳化硅的碳钛网电极,通过扫描电镜、氮气物理吸脱附与循环伏安法对其进行表征,并将其用于模拟六价铬废水电还原.结果表明,掺杂碳化硅使电极的比表面积和孔体积分别增加了4.5％和10.9％.较低的pH值有利于电还原,当pH值为1.5和电压为2.5V时,浓度为40 ppm的六价铬溶液可以在45 min内被完全还原.循环伏安曲线表明电极在表面双电层与赝电容共同作用下将六价铬还原为三价铬,碳化硅的掺杂增加了电极的电化学活性.对于实际生产中六价铬工业废水的电还原解毒有一定指导意义.

文章根据所在地区水源水的特点,针对原水中存在的主要污染物,如硝酸盐、氯化物和氨氮等,利用介质过滤与膜法组合为主的处理工艺.结果表明该方法可以达到我国颁布的饮用净水水质标准(CJ94-2005).该工艺对于特定的污染物显示出不同的特点,FA合金介质过滤对硝酸盐具有良好的去除率可达到90％;过滤组合净水设备氨氮去除率在90％以上;氯化物去除率较低;有机物指标降低.可以实现提升水质的目的,但存在稳定运行和维护问题.

Coal will be the major source for power generation and basic chemicals production in the foreseeable years in China. Both sectors produce significant amounts of solid waste pollutants (fly ash), air pollutants (NOx, SOx), greenhouse gas emission (CO2) and waste water. The current technologies for each individual treatment or control cause high operation cost, waste of resources and large plant footprint. The proposed new technology is an integrated waste management system which will minimize energy consumption and maximize resource utilization. The technology is based on fly ash utilization which includes (1) the development of clean alumina extraction from fly ash technology;(2)the development of solid amine CO2 sorbent from fly ash and integrated De-SOx, De-NOx and De-CO2 process;(3)the development of functional material for waste water treatment from fly ash.

针对大学化学中的水溶液平衡问题,在宏观热力学分析的基础上结合现代科学发展对水溶液纳米簇进行了结构研究和模型的科学验证,引入微观结构分析,增强学生在原子、分子层面上对水溶液的性质的理解,保证教学的先进性。

不同化学反应的反应速率相差很大,活化能是决定反应速率的内在因素.我们对“反应活化能与反应级数的测定”实验进行分析,采用均匀设计的方法对其进行改进,提高了实验内涵和效率,节省了实验成本,能较好地引发学生的思考,取得了良好的教学效果.

碳酸氢钠晶体的制备以侯氏制碱法为背景,涉及溶液纯化、减压过滤、结晶等多步操作,是一项经典的无机化学实验.本文分析了实验操作方法对产品纯度和收率的影响,并提出了一些指导性建议.本科生可以借鉴本文提供的信息,精心完善个人实验的操作,提高动手实践能力和分析问题能力.

物理法替代化学法处理循环冷却水已得到越来越多的重视。本文综述了物理水处理技术的机理和研究现状，指出了现行物理处理法在循环冷却水处理中存在的问题，并对其发展前景做了展望，合理了利用是一个水处理行业中的可持续的方法。

随着工业的飞速发展,在冶金、焦化行业产生大量的二氧化碳,由此产生的“温室效应”也日益影响着全球气候.本文结合烟道气的特性以及冶金企业的特点从资源化利用二氧化碳的角度提出多角度利用烟道气以及强化措施,为企业节能减排提供了可行的技术方案.企业之间的相互合作可以有效的减少二氧化碳的排放并使二氧化碳得到合理的利用.

Mg2+在pH9.5～11.5时可以形成氢氧化镁沉淀,所形成的氢氧化镁沉淀对废水中的污染物质具有很好的絮凝效果,因而近年来得到国内外研究人员的广泛重视。作者全面论述了镁化合物（氯化镁、氢氧化镁、海水、卤水、干卤等）在水处理中的研究应用现状,展望了其在工业废水处理中的应用前景。

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the efficacy of seawater bittern as a coagulant for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. The effects of parameters such as pH, coagulant dosages and flocs setting time have been studied. The results show that bittern is capable of removing more than 92.4% of the coloring material at a pH of 10.5 to 11 and a dose of 150 mg/L Mg~ 2+ of single dye solution. The treatment of the industrial waste has shown a reduction of 58.6 % of COD_ Cr and 90.6% of color material.

The thermodynamic and mechanism of sorption process of clinoptilolite in K+-Na+ solutions have been studied. The sorption isotherms were measured at different temperatures, equilibrium coefficients and enthalpy ?H were calculated. The measured results were fitted with the curve Langmuir isotherm very well. Potassium equilibrium coefficients in K+-Na+ solutions were negatively correlated to temperature and Enthalpy ?H was negative. The sorption process was spontaneous exothermic reaction.

根据大连地区水源水的特点,分别利用UF和NF工艺对小区优质饮用水进行研究,通过一年多的运行和水质监测,结果表明:运用以UF和NF为主的处理技术可以达到<饮用净水水质标准>(CJ 94-1999).经NF处理后的氨氮去除率约为95%,氯化物去除率约为45%,但是膜污染问题严重;经UF处理后的氨氮和氯化物去除率明显低于NF系统,但通过适当的预处理可以达到设计基本要求.

介绍了用OriginLab7.5软件对化学实验数据进行一元线性回归、非线性最小平方拟合及自定义函数拟合的基本方法和步骤,并以实例进行了具体说明.

The brine with turbidity was purified by chemical or physical methods, which use the solar pond as a working medium. They can cut the expenses of constuction and protect the environment. In the light of the high viscosity and salinity of brine, similarities and differences were discussed between brine purification and freshwater purification. In the pilot test the turbidity of brine dropped to lower than 10.0 and 5.0 NTU respectively, which meets the requirement for solar pond.

The adsorption behavior of NH~+_4-pretreated clinoptilolite for potassium ions was studied.The effects of competing cations were investigated.The results indicate that NH~+_4-pretreated(clinoptilolite) adsorbed potassium ions with high adsorption capacity.The adsorption behavior of the NH~+_4-pretreated clinoptilolite(deviated) from the original trend at the equivalent fraction of K~+ in the clinoptilolite Y_(K~+)=0.5 due to the effect of potassium concentration.The presence of competing cations,mainly sodium ions,surpressed the exchange capacity for potassium,in particular the ratio of potassium ions to sodium ions directly influenced the selec-(tivity) of potassium on the NH~+_4-pretreated clinoptilolite.

利用废熔盐研制了一种新型复合混凝剂PMFC(聚合氯化镁铁),应用该复合混凝剂对印染模拟废水以及实际废水进行了处理,并对其混凝机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明:该复合混凝剂在合适的条件下对印染废水具有良好的处理能力,其脱色效果明显优于PAC。此外,该复合无机混凝剂具有成本低、脱色率高、沉降速度快等优点。

针对天然高分子和矿物与常规除氟剂的性能进行了比较,选择了具有代表性的骨炭改性吸附剂(CF)、电气石和常规的氧化铝进行静态测试,通过吸附等温线比较得知,以羟基磷酸钙为主要成分的复合除氟剂(CF)具有良好的除氟性能,在实际应用中,可使出水氟浓度低于0.2 mg/L.

在改性天然高分子助凝剂强化混凝试验的基础上，分别研究了活性炭粉、磁粉、铁粉和赋磁活性炭粉对饮用水中有机物的去除效果。结果表明，在加入量相同时，赋磁活性炭粉的处理效果较好，明显提高了CODMn、TOC、UV254等的去除率，且容易回收利用。