Objective: To study the preventive effect and the related mechanisms of polysaccharide of Polygonati Rhizoma (PSP) on cognitive impairments induced by sleep interruption (SI) in mice. Methods: The 72 ICR mice were randomly divided into the control group, the SI model group, the positive control (ginkgo biloba extract) group and the PSP (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) groups. After 14 days of pretreatment, all groups except the control group received sleep interruption which lasted for 14 days. Thereafter, the behavioral tests were performed by using the open field test, the object recognition experiment, the Morris water maze task and the passive avoidance test. Following the behavioral tests, the biochemical analysis was conducted by measuring the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum and the hippocampus, the contents of GABA and Ach in the hippocampus. Results: The open field test result showed, there were no significant changes in the locomotor activities of mice among all groups (P>0.05). Compared with the SI model group, SPS (100, 200, 400 mg∙kg−1) treatment markedly elevating discrimination index (DI) in object recognition experiment (P<0.05，P<0.01), decreased the error times in entering the dark chamber (P<0.05) and prolonged the latency time in passive avoidance test (P<0.05), as well as decreased the latency period of searching for stations in the navigation stage of water maze positioning (P<0.05). Moreover, PSP administration significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the serum and the hippocampus (P<0.05), the content of GABA was significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the level of Ach in the hippocampus was significantly raised (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results reveal that PSP treatment could effectively improve the cognitive impairments induced by SI and its cognition-improving effects might be related to regulate the levels of the proinflammatory cytokines and neurotransmitter in the serum and hippocampus of mice.

为探究雌马酚(S?equol,Eq)对慢性束缚抑郁模型(Chronic Restraint Stress,CRS)小鼠的改善作用,试验设空白组(Con)、模型组(CRS)、雌马酚低剂量组(Eq?L,10 mg·kg-1)、雌马酚中剂量组(Eq?M,20 mg·kg-1)和雌马酚高剂量组(Eq?H,40 mg·kg-1)共5组处理.预防给药14 d后,对模型组和雌马酚组进行28 d、10 h·d-1的慢性束缚.通过体重监测、空场、糖水偏爱和悬尾试验,研究慢性束缚应激和雌马酚对小鼠的影响;检测血清中皮质酮(CORT),皮层中白介素?6(IL?6)、白介素?1β(IL?1β)、肿瘤坏死因子?α(TNF?α)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平,探究雌马酚的抗抑郁作用机制.行为学结果显示:与空白组相比,CRS模型组的自主活动能力未受到显著影响(P>0.05),但体重和糖水偏爱指数显著下降(P<0.001),悬尾中的不动时间显著延长(P<0.01).与模型组相比,雌马酚亦未对小鼠的自主活动造成显著影响(P>0.05),但显著升高小鼠的糖水偏爱指数并缩短悬尾不动时间(P<0.05).此外,CRS模型组小鼠血清中CORT显著上调(P<0.001),皮层中IL?6、IL?1β、TNF?α和MDA显著升高(P<0.05),NE、DA、SOD和CAT水平显著降低(P<0.05),而雌马酚预给药显著改善上述异常的指标.研究表明雌马酚可通过抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的过度亢进、抑制神经炎症、上调神经递质和平衡氧化应激发挥改善抑郁的作用.

为探究雌马酚(S-equol,Eq)对慢性不可预知温和刺激抑郁模型(Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress,CUMS)小鼠的改善作用,试验设空白组(Con)、模型组(CUMS)、雌马酚低剂量组(Eq-L,10 mg-kg-1)、雌马酚中剂量组(Eq-M,20 mg-kg-1)和雌马酚高剂量组(Eq-H,40 mg·kg-1),在预防给药14 d后,对模型组和雌马酚组进行CUMS造模刺激,造模42 d之后监测体重,依次进行空场、糖水偏爱、悬尾、强迫游泳和新奇抑制摄食5种行为学试验,并检测血清中皮质酮(CORT)水平.行为学结果显示:与空白组相比,CUMS模型组小鼠的自主活动能力未受到显著影响,体重和糖水偏爱指数显著下降,悬尾、强迫游泳中不动时间和新奇抑制摄食潜伏期显著延长;与模型组相比,雌马酚没有影响小鼠的自主活动,显著提高了小鼠的糖水偏爱指数,缩短了悬尾、强迫游泳不动时间和新奇抑制摄食潜伏期.此外,CUMS模型组小鼠血清中CORT显著上调,雌马酚给药显著改善上述异常指标.该结果表明雌马酚可以改善CUMS小鼠抑郁样行为,并通过抑制下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴的过度亢进发挥改善抑郁的作用.

为探究雌马酚对慢性睡眠干扰所致小鼠抑郁样行为的改善作用,根据体重将60只ICR雄性小鼠随机分为空白对照组、慢性睡眠干扰模型组、雌马酚低剂量组(10mg·kg-1)、雌马酚中剂量组(20 mg·kg-1)和雌马酚高剂量组(40mg·kg-1).睡眠干扰造模15 d后,依次进行空场实验、悬尾实验和强迫游泳实验3种动物行为学实验,对小鼠海马组织中的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素-1β水平和小鼠血清中的皮质酮水平进行测定.结果显示:雌马酚给药组小鼠在悬尾和强迫游泳实验中的不动时间显著减少,海马组织中的SOD、CAT水平提高,海马组织中的IL-1β、TNF-α和血清中的皮质酮含量降低.该结果表明雌马酚可以显著改善慢性睡眠干扰所致的小鼠抑郁样行为,且该改善作用可能与雌马酚可提高小鼠抗氧化能力、下调脑内促炎因子水平、调节下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能有关.

Pulsar navigation requires the precise measurement of pulsars. Pulsar X-ray radiation has an extremely short coherence time, and satellite detectors receive only ultralow photon flux. Therefore, to obtain pulsar information and under the conditions of ultralow photon flux, intensity-correlated detection should be implemented. To solve this problem, we conducted an experimental study of intensity-correlated interferometry using a simulated visible-light source. We obtained second-order interference fringes and a corresponding angular diameter. We analyzed herein how coincidence counting affected measurement errors and how the spatial and temporal resolutions of the detecting system affected the intensity-correlated interferometry. The results provide a basis for determining the hardware parameters for X-ray intensity-correlated detection of pulsars.