BackgroundThyroid-stimulating hormone pituitary adenomas (TSHomas) are a rare cause of central hyperthyroidism, characterized by abnormally high TSH levels, and typically respond to somatostatin analogue (SSA). We report a young patient with SSA-insensitive TSHoma where Lugol’s solution facilitated surgical preparation.Case presentationA 28-year-old male patient presented with a 1.5-year history of headache and visual loss. Thyroid function revealed elevated levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) 45.87 pmol/L, free thyroxine (FT4) exceeding 100 pmol/L, and non-suppressed TSH 6.66 mIU/L. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a large pituitary adenoma (19 × 25 × 23 mm). Initial long-acting octreotide treatment was ineffective in controlling hyperthyroidism and was discontinued after 5 months. Approximately 1 year after the initial presentation, reassessment showed persistently elevated thyroid hormone levels. A TSH suppression test indicated octreotide sensitivity at 55%. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) suggested concomitant growth hormone (GH) excess. Preoperatively, treatment with short-acting octreotide, methimazole, and Lugol’s solution effectively controlled thyroid hormone levels. The patient subsequently underwent transnasal adenomectomy. Histopathology confirmed a PIT-1-positive pituitary adenoma, with TSH, GH, and prolactin (PRL) positivity. At the 3-month follow-up, thyroid hormone, GH, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels had normalized.ConclusionsThis case highlights Lugol’s solution as a rescue therapy for SSA-insensitive TSH/GH co-secreting pituitary adenomas. Despite SSTR2/5 positivity, suboptimal response to octreotide suggests tumor heterogeneity or downstream signaling defects. Preoperative Lugol’s solution should be considered when SSAs and methimazole fail.

Fibroblasts play a pivotal role in wound healing, particularly during the proliferative and remodeling phase, where they migrate to the injury site, proliferate, and synthesize essential ECM components such as collagen and fibronectin. However, fibroblast functionality is compromised due to factors such as vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress in diabetic wounds, leading to chronic inflammation and delayed healing. This study investigates the role of mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH), a key enzyme in energy metabolism, in regulating fibroblast function during diabetic wound healing. We demonstrate that mGPDH is overexpressed in diabetic wounds and in fibroblasts cultured under high-glucose conditions, contributing to impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) repair. Importantly, the inhibition of mGPDH restores fibroblast functionality by enhancing ECM synthesis, increasing the levels of collagen IV and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) proteins, and accelerating wound healing. Mechanistically, mGPDH deficiency activates the SIRT1-c-Myc-TGF-β1 signaling axis, resulting in reduced c-Myc protein stability, alleviation of its inhibitory effects on TGF-β1 signaling, and subsequent activation of ECM synthesis pathways. This study highlights the role of mGPDH in regulating fibroblast migration and ECM secretion, without affecting apoptosis or proliferation, thereby underscoring its selective regulatory role in wound healing. These findings establish mGPDH as a pivotal regulatory node in fibroblast function during diabetic wound healing, providing a foundation for the development of localized therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring fibroblast activity and improving wound healing outcomes in diabetic patients.

BackgroundDoege–Potter syndrome (DPS) is a rare paraneoplastic condition characterized by hypoglycemia resulting from the excessive secretion of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) by a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). This report presents an elderly patient with DPS complicated by severe cardiac conduction abnormalities, illustrating the clinical manifestation, therapeutic intervention, and multidisciplinary management strategy.Case presentationA 78-year-old woman was diagnosed with DPS, presenting with loss of consciousness with a blood glucose level of 1.41 mmol/L, and hypoglycemia was resolved with intravenous glucose. The initial laboratory investigation revealed elevated insulin levels of 7.17 μIU/mL, with suppressed C-peptide levels of 0.09 ng/mL and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels of 26.47 ng/mL. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) identified a 13.6 cm × 8.6 cm mass in the right lower thoracic cavity. CT-guided transthoracic biopsy confirmed SFT with immunohistochemical positivity for CD34 and STAT6. Electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated frequent atrial premature complexes (29,292/24 hours), short runs of atrial tachycardia (144/24 hours), and paroxysmal ventricular premature complexes. Echocardiography revealed severe aortic valve insufficiency. Following multidisciplinary team (MDT) consultation, the surgically ineligible patient received tumor-directed radiotherapy (60 Gy in 30 fractions), glucocorticoid replacement (hydrocortisone 40 mg daily), and overnight carbohydrate supplementation to alleviate hypoglycemia. At 18-month follow-up, serial chest CT showed tumor size reduction. Holter monitoring revealed a substantial reduction in atrial premature complexes (1,955/24 hours vs. baseline 29,292/24 hours). The patient exhibited no recurrence of hypoglycemic episodes.ConclusionThis report describes a case of DPS with refractory hypoglycemia complicated by severe cardiac structural and conduction abnormalities. Radiotherapy combined with endocrine intervention effectively controlled tumor-associated hypoglycemia in this surgically ineligible patient.

BACKGROUND Serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) is the primary transport protein of circulating vitamin A. RBP has a crucial role in maintaining nutrient metabolism and physiologic homeostasis. Several studies have indicated that serum RBP participates in the progression of diabetes and diabetes-related complications. However, the impact of serum RBP on lower limb atherosclerosis has not been determined in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). AIM To determine the association between serum RBP and lower limb atherosclerosis in individuals with T2DM. METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 4428 eligible T2DM patients and divided the patients into non-lower limb atherosclerosis (n = 1913) and lower limb atherosclerosis groups (n = 2515) based on lower limb arterial ultrasonography results. At hospital admission, baseline serum RBP levels were assessed, and all subjects were categorized into three groups (Q1-Q3) based on RBP tertiles. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline regression, subgroup analysis, and machine learning were used to assess the association between RBP levels and lower limb atherosclerosis risk. RESULTS Among 4428 individuals with T2DM, 2515 (56.80%) had lower limb atherosclerosis. Logistic analysis showed that lower limb atherosclerosis risk increased by 1% for every 1 unit rise in serum RBP level (odds ratio = 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.02, P = 0.004). Patients in the highest tertile group (Q3) had a higher lower limb atherosclerosis risk compared to the lowest tertile group (Q1) (odds ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.67, P = 0.002). The lower limb atherosclerosis risk gradually increased with an increase in RBP tertile (P for trend = 0.005). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear correlation between serum RBP levels and lower limb atherosclerosis risk (non-linear P < 0.05). Machine learning demonstrated the significance and diagnostic value of serum RBP in predicting lower limb atherosclerosis risk. CONCLUSION Elevated serum RBP levels correlate with an increased lower limb atherosclerosis risk in individuals with T2DM.

Antithyroid drugs can cause neutropenia or agranulocytosis, rarely pancytopenia in hyperthyroidism therapy. The treatment is difficult and lethality is high when granulocytopenia or pancytopenia combined with hyperthyroidism crisis. First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University treated a patient who had pancytopenia caused by methimazole with systemic lupus erythematosus, secondary hyperthyroidism crisis and agranulocytosis.We gave the reasonable treatment in time, such as anti-infection, stimulating granulocyopoiesis, compound iodine solution to control thyroid function, controlled the disease effectively and saved the patient's life. Early detection and identification of possible causes of pancytopenia and dynamic adjustment of treatment plan show great significance for patients with hyperthyroidism and severe pancytopenia.

Impaired skin wound healing is one of the main diabetic complications. However, the current treatment strategy is limited. Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (mGPDH), as a component of the respiratory chain, plays an important role in cellular bioenergetics. Here, we identified that mGPDH deficiency promotes fibroblast extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and accelerates diabetic wound healing. Specifically, mGPDH expression was significantly increased. By contrast, a lack of mGPDH promoted fibroblast migration and ECM secretion and remodelling. Mechanistically, mGPDH deficiency promotes fibroblast expression of ECM-related proteins by increasing silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) activity and thereby the level of cellular-myelocytomatosis viral oncogene (c-Myc) deacetylation was increased, which in turn activates the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signalling pathway. In mice, the mGPDH knockout of adeno-associated virus promotes collagen deposition and ECM remodelling in diabetic skin wounds. Together, our results showed that mGPDH deficiency is a potential therapeutic target for diabetic wound healing.Funding: This work was supported by the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (Outstanding Youth Foundation) No. cstc2020jcyj-jqX0017 to M.L., Chongqing Young and Middle-aged High-end Talents Endocrine Pituitary and Gonadal Disease Studio Project to M.L.,Chongqing Young and Middle-aged High-end Talents Project to M.L., and Army Medical University Incubation Project No. 2022XQN35 to L.Z.Declaration of Interest: We declare that are no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.Ethical Approval: All studies involving mice were conducted in strict accordance with protocols approved by the Experimental Animal Welfare and Ethics Committee of the Army Medical University (AMUWEC20210019) and were performed according to the guidelines of the NIH (USA).

BACKGROUND Diabetes foot is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and an important cause of death and disability, traditional treatment has poor efficacy and there is an urgent need to develop a practical treatment method. AIM To investigate whether Huangma Ding or autologous platelet-rich gel (APG) treatment would benefit diabetic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) patients with foot ulcers. METHODS A total of 155 diabetic LEAD patients with foot ulcers were enrolled and divided into three groups: Group A (62 patients; basal treatment), Group B (38 patients; basal treatment and APG), and Group C (55 patients; basal treatment and Huangma Ding). All patients underwent routine follow-up visits for six months. After follow-up, we calculated the changes in all variables from baseline and determined the differences between groups and the relationships between parameters. RESULTS The infection status of the three groups before treatment was the same. Procalcitonin (PCT) improved after APG and Huangma Ding treatment more than after traditional treatment and was significantly greater in Group C than in Group B. Logistic regression analysis revealed that PCT was positively correlated with total amputation, primary amputation, and minor amputation rates. The ankle-brachial pressure and the transcutaneous oxygen pressure in Groups B and C were greater than those in Group A. The major amputation rate, minor amputation rate, and total amputation times in Groups B and C were lower than those in Group A. CONCLUSION Our research indicated that diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) lead to major amputation, minor amputation, and total amputation through local infection and poor microcirculation and macrocirculation. Huangma Ding and APG were effective attreating DFUs. The clinical efficacy of Huangma Ding was better than that of autologous platelet gel, which may be related to the better control of local infection by Huangma Ding. This finding suggested that in patients with DFUs combined with coinfection, controlling infection is as important as improving circulation.

Background. Non-standardized insulin injection has an impact on the efficacy of glucose control.Objectives. The aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of a nursing project in improving the insulin self-injection accuracy of diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and methods. A total of 200 type 2 diabetes patients who received insulin therapy with an insulin pen were recruited at the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University (Chongqing, China). Patients were randomly assigned to a control (n = 100) or intervention (n = 100) group. Conventional health education was conducted in the control group, while a nursing project and conventional health education were undertaken in the intervention group. The following parameters were analyzed between the 2 groups: standardized insulin pen use at admission and discharge, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), time in range (TIR), and adipose hyperplasia incidence rate 6 months after discharge.Results. Concerning standardized insulin self-injection, the intervention group was superior to the control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The HbA1c levels (p = 0.000), TIR (p = 0.005) and adipose hyperplasia incidence rate 6 months after discharge (p = 0.000) all improved in the intervention group compared to the control group.Conclusions. The application of the nursing project effectively improved the efficacy of glucose control in diabetes mellitus patients.

Background: Beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-MG) is a component of the class I major histocompatibility complex (MHCI) and has recently been reported to be involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. However, the association of beta 2-MG with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in T2DM patients remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the correlation between serum beta 2-MG and LVH in T2DM patients. Methods: The retrospective analysis included 4602 eligible T2DM patients, divided into LVH and non-LVH groups based on echocardiography results. Serum beta 2-MG levels were measured, and participants were categorized into four groups (Q1-Q4) by their serum beta 2-MG quartile. The relationship of serum beta 2-MG level with LVH was evaluated using logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), subgroup analysis, and machine learning. Results: The prevalence of LVH in T2DM patients was 31.12%. Each standard deviation increase in serum beta 2-MG level corresponded to a 1.17-fold increase in the prevalence of LVH [OR = 1.17, (95% CI: 1.05-1.31); p = 0.006]. When considering beta 2-MG as a categorical variable (quartile), Q3 [OR = 1.36, (95% CI: 1.09-1.69); p = 0.007] and Q4 [OR = 1.77, (95% CI: 1.36-2.31); p < 0.001] had a significantly higher prevalence of LVH than Q1. RCS analysis found a nonlinear association between beta 2-MG and LVH prevalence (p for nonlinearity <0.05). Additionally, machine learning results confirmed the importance of beta 2-MG for LVH in T2DM patients. Conclusion: Elevated serum beta 2-MG levels were likely to be associated with an increased prevalence of LVH in T2DM patients, suggesting its potential role in LVH development.

恶性肿瘤与糖尿病密切相关,随着医学的发展,恶性肿瘤的治疗取得了一定的进步,但仍不尽如人意.二甲双胍为一种常规降糖药物,近年来,因其抗癌作用受到广泛关注.然而,对合并2型糖尿病的恶性肿瘤二甲双胍的应用尚无明确指导.因此,在中国抗癌协会肿瘤内分泌专业委员会的支持下,国内多名内分泌学及肿瘤学专家共同制定了《二甲双胍辅助治疗合并2型糖尿病的恶性肿瘤患者的专家共识(2022年版)》,阐述了二甲双胍抗肿瘤机制,分析了二甲双胍对不同恶性肿瘤的影响及使用方法,并对二甲双胍在不同肿瘤中的推荐和临床疗效等问题进行了详细介绍.该文解读了该共识部分内容.

目的 本实验旨在观察内皮高表达脂多糖相关因子1(endothelial overexpressed lipopolysaccharide-associated factor 1,EOLA1)对巨噬细胞炎症反应的影响及可能机制.方法 培养小鼠巨噬细胞,脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)刺激激活炎症信号通路,检测肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)和EOLA1转录水平变化,采用化学阻断剂在不同位点阻断炎症反应信号通路,再检测TNF-α、IL-6和EOLA1转录变化.巨噬细胞过表达mEOLA1,RT-qPCR检测细胞M1、M2极化类型标志基因mRNA水平,以流式细胞术检测巨噬细胞表型改变,Western blot检测M1型巨噬细胞标记物iNOS表达.结果 LPS刺激后巨噬细胞释放炎症因子TNF-α、IL-6增加,而EOLA1表达下调;不同位点阻断炎症反应信号通路后炎症介质的表达明显受抑制,而EOLA1的表达上升;在巨噬细胞中高表达EOLA1,再行LPS刺激,检测到TNF-α、IL-6增加并不明显,流式细胞检测显示高表达EOLA1的巨噬细胞在LPS刺激后仍保持非炎症极化的M2型,细胞表达iNOS下降.结论 EOLA1具有负调节巨噬细胞炎症相关通路活化的作用,其表达增加可以促进巨噬细胞从促炎症的M1型向促愈合的M2型转变,减少局部炎症程度.

Background:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sex differences in myocardial structure, tissue characteristics, and myocardial function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods:A total of 62 T2DM patients and 40 controls were prospectively recruited for the study. All the participants were scanned using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) cine and underwent native and postcontrast T1 mapping to obtain left ventricular (LV) structure, function, and tissue characteristics. The differences between the control and T2DM patients were compared in males and females, respectively.Results:For myocardial structure, T2DM was associated with a larger ratio of myocardial mass to end-diastolic volume (MVR, T2DM: 0.87 ± 0.20 vs. controls: 0.73 ± 0.14, p = 0.008) and thicker wall thickness (WT, T2DM: 6.5 ± 1.1 mm vs. controls: 5.6 ± 1.0 mm, p = 0.002) in females. For tissue characteristics, T2DM was associated with a similar T1 value, elevated extracellular volume fraction (ECV, T2DM: 27.8 ± 3.6% vs. controls: 25.1 ± 2.5%, p = 0.002), and increased extracellular matrix volume index (ECMVi, T2DM: 15.8 ± 3.8 ml/m2 vs. controls: 13.4 ± 2.7 ml/m2, p = 0.008) in males. For myocardial function, in male, compared with control, T2DM was associated with decreased peak longitudinal diastolic strain rate (PLDSR, T2DM: 0.97 ± 0.19 1/s vs. control: 1.13 ± 0.29 1/s, p = 0.030).Conclusions:There might be sex differences in myocardial remodeling induced by T2DM, including LV structural concentric remodeling in female patients and extracellular matrix remodeling and subclinical diastolic dysfunction in male patients.

BackgroundAccurate evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function is always difficult due to its irregular shape and movement. Many indices have been proposed to assess RV function, but none have been universally accepted. This study evaluated RV function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients using long-axis strain (LAS) and other traditional indices.MethodsFifty-seven patients with T2DM and 39 healthy controls were prospectively enrolled. Four-chamber cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and RV short-axis cine images were obtained from all participants to measure the tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), RV ejection fraction (EF), peak longitudinal strain (PLS) and four LAS indices. The inter-and intraobserver variabilities were also calculated.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, T2DM was associated with a decreased LAS (apex/lateral wall) (-17.4%±4.2% vs. control, -19.7%±3.7%, P=0.008) and LAS (apex/middle point) (-17.5%±4.5% vs. control, -19.5%±3.9%, P=0.026), but both groups had a similar LAS (RV/lateral wall) and LAS (RV/middle point) (all P>0.05). After adjustments for age and body mass index, a significant difference was observed only for LAS (apex/lateral wall) (P=0.028). There were no significant differences in the TAPSE, RVEF and PLS (all P>0.05). LAS (apex/lateral wall) correlated with the TAPSE (r=-0.723, P<0.001), RVEF (r=-0.270, P=0.008) and PLS (r=0.210, P=0.040). The inter- and intraobserver variability of the LAS (apex/lateral wall) were lower than the other three LAS indices.ConclusionsCompared with traditional RV function indices, such as the TAPSE, RVEF and PLS, LAS is easy to obtain and shows high repeatability. LAS (apex/lateral wall) may provide a more sensitive T2DM-related RV dysfunction index.

BACKGROUND:This study investigated the effects of metformin on breast density in overweight/obese premenopausal women.METHODS:Overweight/obese premenopausal women (n=120) were randomly assigned to the metformin or placebo group, and all women received lifestyle interventions. The outcomes included weight, BMI, FPG, FIN, glucose, HOMA-IR, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, TC, SBP, DBP, FSH, E, AD, and the BIRADS grade, and the incidence of breast cancer was assessed by pathological biopsy and BIRADS grade greater than 4.RESULTS:In total, 120 overweight/obese women completed the 1-year trial. Seven patients had a BIRADS grade greater than 4, including 5 patients who were biopsy positive, in the control group, and 2 patients had a BIRADS grade greater than 4, including 1 patient who was biopsy positive, in the metformin group. Compared with those in the control group, the body weight, BMI, FIN, FPG, HOMA-IR, TC, BIRADS grade and positive pathological biopsy rate in the metformin group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while AD was significantly increased (P<0.05). The correlation analysis indicated that the BIRADS grade was significantly correlated with weight, BMI, FPG, FIN, HOMA-IR, SBP, AD and the positive pathological biopsy rate, and the positive pathological biopsy rate was significantly correlated with weight, BMI, HOMA-IR, SBP, AD and BIRADS grade. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the BIRADS grade was significantly correlated with the positive pathological biopsy rate and AD and that the positive pathological biopsy rate was significantly correlated with the BIRADS grade.CONCLUSION:As adjunctive therapy, the combination of lifestyle changes and metformin was found to be a safe strategy for improving related metabolic markers and increasing adiponectin. The BIRADS grade was significantly correlated with the positive pathological biopsy rate and AD, and the positive pathological biopsy rate was significantly correlated with the BIRADS grade.

Malignant tumors are a major cause of death, and their incidence is increasing worldwide. Although the survival rate for some cancers has improved, treatments for other malignant tumors are limited, and their mortality rate continues to increase. People with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of malignant tumors and a higher mortality rate than those without diabetes. Metformin is a commonly used hypoglycemic drug. In recent years, a growing number of studies have indicated that metformin has antitumor effects and increases the sensitivity of malignant tumors to chemotherapy. However, the effect of metformin on different tumors is currently controversial, and the mechanism of metformin's antitumor action is not fully understood. Insights into the effect of metformin on malignant tumors and the possible mechanism may contribute to the development of antitumor drugs.

Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; Endocrinology and Nephrology Department, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute and Chongqing Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; Endocrinology Department, Dazu Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The People’s Hospital of Dazu, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

目的:观察GLP-1对糖尿病小鼠中Par-4/NF-κB的表达和胰岛β细胞凋亡的影响.方法:将小鼠随机分成正常对照组(8只,C组)、Par-4敲除组(8只,CP组)、糖尿病组(8只,D组)、糖尿病Par-4敲除组(8只,DP组)、GLP-1+糖尿病组(8只,GD组)、GLP-1+糖尿病Par-4敲除组(8只,GDP组),TUNEL法检测各组细胞凋亡,Western blot检测各组细胞Par-4和NF-κB蛋白表达水平,ELISA检测各组胰岛素分泌.结果:C组凋亡率(P=0.965)和NF-κB(P=0.754)与CP组比较无统计学差异,胰岛素分泌无统计学差异(P=0.797);与C组和CP组比较,D组凋亡率(P=0.000)、Par-4(P=0.000)和NF-κB(P=-0.000)表达明显升高,胰岛素分泌下降(P=0.000);与D组相比,DP组和GD组细胞凋亡率(P=0.000,P=0.000)、Par-4 (P=0.000,P=0.000)和NF-κB(P=0.000,P=0.002)表达明显下降,胰岛素分泌有所改善(P=0.000,P=0.026);与GD组比较,GDP组凋亡率(P=0.000)、Par-4 (P=0.000)和NF-κB(P=0.015)表达明显下降,胰岛素分泌有所改善(P=0.026),DP组和GDP组在凋亡率(P=0.930)、Par-4(P=0.965)和NF-κB(P=0.875)表达及胰岛素分泌(P=0.797)方面无统计学差异.结论:GLP-1干预通过抑制Par-4/NF-κB表达,改善2型糖尿病胰岛β细胞凋亡和胰岛素分泌功能.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/7653904.].

Objective To observe the change of insulin resistance in the impaired fasting glucose patients with hypertension along with time elapse, and to investigate the relationship between hypertension and insulin resistance. Methods A total of 180 patients with impaired fasting glucose admitted in our outpatient department of endocrinology and physical examination center of our hospital during October 2012 and August 2013 were recruited in this study. All of them were given long-term lifestyle intervention, and were followed up for 5 years. Till the end of the follow-up, there were 114 patients included, and they were divided into the hypertension group (n=56) and the normal blood pressure group (n=58). Routine antihypertensive drugs were given to the hypertension group. Clinical data, such as fasting blood glucose, 2 h postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, 2 h postprandial insulin, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) from the third to the fifth year of follow-up were collected and analyzed. Results In the 5 years' follow-up, the prevalence of diabetes in the hypertension group was 22.83%, significantly higher than that of the normal blood pressure group (11.36%, P=0.042). The hypertension group had obviously higher HOMA-IR but statistically lower ISI when compared with the normal blood pressure group (both P < 0.001). Conclusion In the patients with impaired fasting glucose, elevated blood pressure is closely associated with insulin resistance. As time goes by, those impaired fasting glucose accompanied with hypertension are more prone to severe insulin resistance, and are more likely to progress to diabetes.