Within the present investigation, varying-concentration Bi3+, Pr3+ co-doped CaWO4 samples were prepared via the hydrothermal approach. The present comprehensive investigation was performed into their optical temperature sensing characteristics. Experimental results indicate that, in the CaWO4 host, the emission characteristics of Bi3+ shows a pronounced tendency toward thermal luminescence quenching, while the thermal luminescence quenching process of Pr3+ emission is significantly slower in comparison with Bi3+. Therefore, the FIR of Pr3+ and Bi3+ rises markedly as the temperature elevates, a property that allows it to be employed for temperature characterization, and achieved a relatively higher sensitivity. The prepared phosphors can achieve temperature characterization through two sets of FIR: I602.5/I443 and I649/I443, corresponding to Pr3+ (1D2 → 3H4, 3P0 → 3F2) and Bi3+ (3P1 → 1S0). The acquired results can cross-verify one another, thus enabling the realization of self-calibration. In the case where the FIR of I602.5/I443 is used for temperature characterization, exhibits the highest Sr of 4.36% K-1 (in the CaWO4 co-doped with 5 mol% Bi3+ and 0.5 mol% Pr3+ phosphor at 298 K). When the FIR of I649/I443 is used for temperature characterization, exhibits the highest Sr of 4.06% K-1 (in the CaWO4 co-doped with 5 mol% Bi3+ and 0.5 mol% Pr3+ phosphor at 298 K). Furthermore, with an increase in temperature, the emission color of the phosphors gradually changes from the blue region to the orange-red region, this luminescent color change allows for the rough estimation of temperature. Findings from the present investigation demonstrate that CaWO4: Bi3+, Pr3+ phosphors possess considerable practical application value in the realm of luminescence thermometry.

For the first time, MoSe2 thin films with different morphologies were fabricated by tuning the parameters of magnetron sputtering. These films were subsequently used to induce TiO2 growth, yielding granular and wormlike MoSe2/TiO2 type-II heterojunctions. Comprehensive characterization of these materials confirmed the tunable morphology, crystallinity, and crystal structure of the films. Raman spectroscopy of the heterojunctions revealed distinct vibrational peaks corresponding to different materials, while XPS and UPS analyses verified the formation of type-II heterojunctions. Additionally, the quenching of PL peaks indicated the occurrence of interfacial electron transfer.DFT calculations based on the crystal structure further demonstrated consistency between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. Compared with pure MoSe2, the type-II heterostructure of MoSe2/TiO2 at the 800 nm wavelength exhibited morphology-dependent behavior and a significantly enhanced nonlinear optical absorption coefficient, reaching 2.224 x 10-7m/W.Studies have shown that the superior nonlinear absorption performance of the worm-like heterojunction is attributed to its larger interfacial contact area, improved crystallinity, and more efficient carrier transport across the interface. This morphology-tunable MoSe2/TiO2 type-II heterojunction, exhibiting ultrafast nonlinear optical absorption capabilities, holds great promise for applications in optical limiting devices and all-optical switching devices.

Using physical vapor deposition, cadmium sulfide (CdS) films, Ag nanoparticle films, and Ag/CdS composite films were successfully fabricated on substrates. The surface morphology, crystal structure, and optical bandgap of the samples were systematically characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, respectively. Using femtosecond Z-scanning technology, the nonlinear optical properties of composite materials were investigated at a wavelength of 800 nm. By adjusting the laser energy, the evolution of their nonlinear optical response with excitation intensity was systematically examined. The results indicate that, in comparison to single-component thin films, the Ag/CdS composite demonstrates significant characteristics of nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction. These characteristics are specifically manifested as saturated absorption behavior and self-defocusing effects. Notably, the incorporation of Ag nanoparticles effectively enhances the nonlinear optical response of the composite system, with this enhancement becoming increasingly pronounced as the Ag deposition power rises. Furthermore, the saturation absorption effect of the composite material gradually intensifies with rising laser energy. These outstanding nonlinear properties indicate that Ag/CdS composites hold significant application potential for integrated optoelectronic functional devices.

Ag/TiO2 nanocomposite films were successfully fabricated via a controllable magnetron sputtering strategy by regulating Ag sputtering power. Z-scan measurements under 515-nm laser excitation demonstrated that the composites significantly enhanced the nonlinear optical (NLO) performance of TiO2. Among them, the 9W-Ag/TiO2 sample exhibited the optimal performance, with its nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and nonlinear refractive coefficient (n2) reaching 3.41 and 3.84 times those of pure TiO2, respectively. The core mechanism underlying the NLO performance enhancement lies in the synergy of multiple effects: Ag nanoparticles induce surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to amplify the localized light field; the work function difference between Ag and TiO2 facilitates the directional transfer of excited carriers at the interface, and meanwhile, interfacial localized strain further modulates charge distribution and improves carrier separation efficiency, collectively optimizing the NLO response of TiO2. This study provides a theoretical basis and experimental paradigm for the structural design and performance tuning of noble metal/transition metal oxide (TMO) composite NLO materials, while laying the foundation for their practical application in integrated optoelectronic devices such as optical limiters and ultrafast modulators.

In this study, hydrothermal synthesis was employed to fabricate CaMoO4:x% Ho3+ phosphors where the Ho3+ doping content was set as x = 1, 3, 5 and 10, respectively. The FE-SEM images demonstrate that the samples consist of irregular particles, averaging 200-400 nm in size. Typical thermal quenching behavior was observed for the luminescence of MoO42- via temperature-dependent emission spectra, while Ho3+ exhibited a much slower thermal quenching tendency. This significant discrepancy in thermal quenching trends leads to noticeable variations in the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) between Ho3+ and MoO42- with changing temperature. Therefore, temperature can be measured via the FIR of Ho3+ and MoO42- , with the potential to achieve a high relative sensitivity (Sr). Since Ho3+ has two useable emission peaks (5F5 -> 5I8 659 nm and 5S2,5F4 -> 5I7 754 nm), comparing the luminescence intensity of each of the two peaks with that of MoO42- (3T2 -> 1A1 523.5 nm) yields two sets of FIR data (I659/I523.5 and I754/I523.5), which enable self-calibration. Among the phosphors synthesized in this work, the CaMoO4:10% Ho3+ sample exhibits the maximum Sr values at 298 K, which are 3.10% K-1 for I754/I523.5 and 2.84% K-1 for I659/I523.5. Due to the excellent optical thermometric properties demonstrated by the phosphor materials in the tests, the CaMoO4 phosphor materials doped with Ho3+ hold considerable research value for optical thermometry.

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) ferroelastic materials provide a promising platform for directionally tunable thermoelectric transport because ferroelastic domain reorientation can interchange the principal crystallographic axes and thereby modulate anisotropic heat and charge transport. In this work, we systematically investigate the structural, ferroelastic, phononic, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of monolayer In 2 I 2 Te 2 using first-principles calculations combined with Boltzmann transport theory. The optimized monolayer adopts an orthorhombic structure with pronounced in-plane anisotropy and exhibits ferroelastic bistability, with a switching barrier of approximately 0.12 eV per atom. Phonon calculations confirm its dynamical stability and reveal intrinsically low and anisotropic lattice thermal conductivity, with values of 1.6 and 0.8 Wm −1 K −1 along the x and y directions at 300 K, respectively. Mode-resolved phonon analysis indicates that this low thermal conductivity originates from soft phonon branches, low-frequency acoustic–optical coupling, large Grüneisen parameters, and direction-dependent acoustic phonon group velocities and lifetimes. Electronic transport calculations show that n-type doping is more favorable than p-type doping, mainly because electrons possess lighter effective masses, longer relaxation times, and higher electrical conductivity, particularly along the x direction. As a result, monolayer In 2 I 2 Te 2 exhibits strongly anisotropic thermoelectric performance, with maximum n-type ZT values of 3.8 and 1.0 along the x and y directions at 300 K, increasing to 8.0 and 2.7 at 700 K, respectively. These results indicate that monolayer In 2 I 2 Te 2 may serve as a useful model system for exploring ferroelasticity-controlled anisotropic thermoelectric transport in 2D halogen–chalcogen compounds.

In this study, GdVO4 nanophosphors co-doped with Bi3+ and Eu3+ were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and their photoluminescence characteristics and temperature-sensing performance were systematically evaluated. The FE-SEM images demonstrate that the samples consist of irregular particles, with an average size of 63-68nm. Inspection of the variable-temperature emission spectra showed that the luminescence of Bi3+ rapidly weakens with increasing temperature, demonstrating a typical thermal quenching behavior. In contrast, the luminescence of Eu3+ weakens with temperature increase but at a relatively slower rate compared to Bi3+. The fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of Eu3+(618nm, 697.5nm）and Bi3+(541nm) shows a significant increase with rising temperature, which exhibits a higher relative sensitivity (Sr) for temperature characterization. When I618/I541 was used for temperature characterization, the Sr value increased as the Eu3+ doping level increased, peaking at 2.57% K-1 (0.5mol% Eu3+, 398K). When I697.5/I541 was used for temperature characterization, the Sr value also rose with increasing Eu3+ doping concentration, peaking at 2.73% K-1 (0.5mol% Eu3+, 398K). Furthermore, as temperature rises, the emission hue of the nanophosphors shifts from yellowish-green to reddish-orange, allowing for approximate temperature estimation via emission chromaticity coordinates of the samples. In summary, GdVO4: Bi3+, Eu3+ nanophosphors have potential application value in optical temperature sensing.

A series of CdTe nanolayers doped with varying concentrations of Zn were successfully fabricated via magnetron sputtering. The morphology, structure, and linear optical properties of thin films were systematically investigated. The nonlinear optical properties were analyzed using the Z-scan technique. Under test conditions of 800 nm wavelength and 100 nJ pulse energy, pure CdTe films exhibited saturable absorption (SA) and self-defocusing effects. Compared to pure CdTe, increasing the Zn-doping concentration significantly enhanced both the SA and self-defocusing responses, demonstrating that Zn doping effectively improves the nonlinear optical performance of CdTe films in a tunable manner. Furthermore, Z-scanning measurements conducted at varying incident laser intensities demonstrate that the thin film exhibits both saturation SA and reverse saturation absorption (RSA) simultaneously, confirming that SA and RSA compete yet can coexist. This study indicates Zn-doped CdTe as a promising candidate material for applications in optical logic and computing.

Ag/ZnTe heterostructured nanocomposite films were fabricated on quartz by sequential magnetron sputtering, in which a DC-sputtered Ag nano-island underlayer was first deposited and subsequently overcoated with an RFsputtered ZnTe layer. The ZnTe deposition power was initially optimized (40-60 W), and 50 W was selected for the composite films. By increasing the Ag sputtering power from 10 to 20 W, the Ag incorporation increases while the Zn/Te ratio remains close to stoichiometric. The Ag underlayer modifies ZnTe nucleation and grain evolution, reducing the average grain size from 61.23 +/- 6.62 nm (pristine ZnTe) to 34.60 +/- 2.76 - 40.96 +/- 4.24 nm (Ag/ZnTe), and leads to a monotonic blue shift of the apparent optical bandgap from 2.71 to 2.80-2.89 eV. Hall measurements reveal a pronounced enhancement in charge-transport parameters, with the carrier concentration magnitude increasing from 5.0 x 10(15) to 2.3 x 10(17) cm(-3) and the mobility increasing from 4.0 to 60.0 cm(-2).V-1.s(-1) as Ag power rises. Ultrafast third-order nonlinearities were evaluated by femtosecond Z-scan at 800 nm (190 fs). All films exhibit reverse-saturable-absorption-like behavior and self-defocusing. Under an identical measurement configuration, the extracted effective nonlinear absorption coefficient increases from 1.68 to 12.6 x 10(-9)m/W, and the magnitude of the nonlinear refractive index increases from 1.60 to 2.94 x 10(-12)m(2)/W (n(2) < 0), corresponding to an similar to 7.5-fold enhancement in nonlinear absorption. The enhanced thirdorder response is attributed to a cooperative mechanism involving two-photon-excitation-seeded free-carrier/excited-state absorption, defect-related states associated with the Ag/ZnTe heterointerface, and plasmonic nano-island-enabled near-field enhancement/interfacial hot-carrier transfer across the junction (with a broadened/damped LSPR response), which collectively intensify RSA and improve optical limiting capability. This work demonstrates an effective processing-tunable approach to realize near-infrared optical limiting functionality in sputter-fabricated Ag/ZnTe film heterostructures.

NiO films in horizontal and vertical growth modes, as well as two Cu-NiO system materials (CNO), namely Cucomposited NiO and Cu-diffused NiO, were successfully prepared by magnetron sputtering technology at room temperature and 250 degrees C for the first time. Through the characterization of the above materials by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, it was analyzed that the two growth modes of NiO, horizontal and vertical, were caused by mechanisms such as morphological changes and crystal orientation. The change in diffraction peak intensity showed that the composite of Cu with NiO at room temperature promoted the crystal structure, while the diffusion of Cu into NiO at 250 degrees C slightly damaged its crystal quality. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that Cu in the composite NiO existed in the form of elemental Cu and formed a bilayer film with NiO. In addition, after thermal diffusion into NiO, Cu mainly entered the crystal structure in the form of Cu2+. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) analyzed the effects of temperature increase, Cu composite, and Cu diffusion on the work function and Fermi level of NiO. Combined with the bandgap size and the position of the emission peak obtained from ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) transmittance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), the photogenerated carrier transfer paths of NiO and the Cu-NiO system were drawn. The Z-scan results at the 515 nm band of the femtosecond laser showed that the nonlinear absorption coefficient was influnce by the change of the NiO substrate temperature, the composite of Cu at room temperature, and the diffusion of Cu caused by heating at 250 degrees C. This was mainly attributed to the influence of the crystallization quality of NiO and the electrons injected by Cu. Finally, the results showed that the reverse saturation absorption coefficient of Cu diffused into NiO at 250 degrees C was the highest, which was an order of magnitude higher than that of NiO prepared at room temperature. This opens up new possibilities for improving the performance of NiO nanofilms in the field of optical limiting devices.

In this study, a series of YVO4: Bi3+, Sm3+ nanophosphors with varying dopant concentrations were synthesized via the hydrothermal method. A systematic study was conducted on their crystal structure, optical properties, and temperature-sensing properties. The experimental findings indicate that under 331 nm excitation, YVO4: Bi3+, Sm3+ nanophosphors exhibit pronounced temperature-dependent luminescence. That is, the Bi3+ luminescence has an obvious thermal quenching trend, whereas the thermal quenching of Sm3+ luminescence is slower than that of Bi3+. Owing to the disparity in the thermal quenching tendency of the luminescence of these two ions, this difference becomes more pronounced as the temperature increases. Therefore, the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of Sm3+ and Bi3+ can be used to characterize temperature and achieve a relatively high relative sensitivity (Sr). The nanophosphor synthesized in this study achieves a maximum Sr of 2.37 % K-1 at 423 K (YVO4: 5 mol% Bi3+, 0.2 mol% Sm3+). Additionally, the luminescent colour of the nanophosphor changes from yellow-green to orange-red, with the rise of the temperature. This color change enables a rough estimation of the temperature. In conclusion, the YVO4: Bi3+, Sm3+ nanophosphors demonstrate substantial potential for optical temperature-sensing applications.

In this study, the CaWO4: x% Pr3+ (x = 0.1, 0.3, 1) nanophosphors were synthesized using the hydrothermal method. The FE-SEM diagrams demonstrates that the sample consists of irregularly shaped nanoparticles, averaging 93-97 nm in size. Analysis of the variable-temperature emission spectra of samples reveals that the luminescence of WO42- exhibits typical thermal quenching behavior, whereas the luminescence of Pr3+ initially increases and subsequently decreases with temperature increasing. The different temperature dependence of the luminescence of Pr3+ and WO42- enables higher relative sensitivity when using their fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) for temperature characterization. The samples prepared in this study can be used to characterize temperature by two sets of FIR (I-605/I-420 and I-649/I-420) of Pr3+ (D-1(2)-> H-3(4) 605 nm and P-3(0)-> F-3(2) 649 nm) and WO42- (T-3(2)->(1)A(1) 420 nm). The obtained results can mutually validate each other, thereby achieving self-calibration. When using the FIR of I-605/I-420 for temperature characterization, the CaWO4: 0.1 % Pr3+ demonstrates a maximum relative sensitivity value of 6.17 % K-1 at 303 K, that is very high in inorganic materials. The results of this paper show that, CaWO4: Pr3+ nanophosphors exhibit excellent optical temperature sensing performance, demonstrating considerable potential for application in optical thermometry.

As a transparent conductive oxide material, tin oxide (SnO2) shows great potential for applications in photoelectronic devices, photocatalysis and photoelectric detection due to its excellent photoelectric properties and chemical stability. In this work, magnetron sputtering was used to successfully create SnO2 nanofilms and SnO2/Cu/SnO2 composite films. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and the Hall Effect method, the effects of preparation parameters on the films' morphology, structure, and linear absorption characteristics were described and examined. Moreover, the open-aperture Z-scan technique was used for thoroughly examining the films' nonlinear optical characteristics. The experimental findings demonstrate that as the metal layer's sputtering power increases, the optical bandgap of the SnO2/Cu/SnO2 composite films reduces. When compared to the pure SnO2 films, the composite films' free carrier concentration was noticeably higher. The Z-scan results showed that both the SnO2 films and the SnO2/Cu/SnO2 composite films exhibited the nonlinear absorption property of reverse-saturation absorption, and the sputtering power of both SnO2 and Cu had an effect on the intensity of their reverse-saturation absorption. In addition, the nonlinear absorption intensity of the samples is also affected by the incident laser intensity. The nonlinear optical response of SnO2 nanomaterials can be effectively enhanced by introducing the composite structure, which provides new possibilities for the application of SnO2-based photoelectronic devices.

Metal-doped semiconductors have attracted a lot of attention due to their favorable properties that can be used in the optical devices field. In this paper, Al-CdTe (ACE) films were prepared by dual-target co-sputtering. By controlling the sputtering power of the DC target to change the content of the Al dopant, it was found that the morphology of the films was slightly changed, the band gap became larger, and the crystalline quality became better. The nonlinear coefficients were measured at 800 nm using the femtosecond (fs) Z-scan technique, and the results were that the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the samples were controlled by Al content, and there was a significant enhancement of the nonlinear coefficients of the ACE films. The results of this study show that ACE films have a promising application in both optoelectronic devices and photodetectors.

MoSe2 thin films and Ag/MoSe2 composite thin films were prepared by physical vapour deposition (PVD). The morphology and structure of the composite film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and absorption spectroscopy. The UV-visible absorption spectrum characterizes the linear absorptivity of the composite films. Due to the plasma effect of Ag nanofilms, the Ag/MoSe2 composite films showed a significant increase in the absorption intensity of the films compared to the MoSe2 films. The nonlinear absorption properties of MoSe2 thin films were investigated using the open-aperture Z-scan technique. The calculated nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) showed that the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the Ag/MoSe2 composite film is an order of magnitude higher than that of the MoSe2 film, indicating that the Ag nanofilm can better improve the nonlinear absorption properties of the MoSe2 film.

CdTe films, Ag nanoparticles, and Ag/CdTe composites are successfully fabricated on substrates by means of the physical vapor deposition process. The morphological structure, crystal growth and bandgap of the samples are specifically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, and UV–vis spectrophotometer. Picosecond (ps) Z‐scan technology is used to investigate the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the composites under 532 nm. The results indicate that all samples exhibit saturated absorption nonlinear absorption properties and self‐dispersion nonlinear refraction properties. In addition, Ag nanoparticles can improve the NLO properties of Ag/CdTe composites, and this improvement is more obvious with the increase of Ag power. The results show that the excellent properties of the Ag/CdTe composites are expected to make them an ideal material for use in the photoelectric field.

In this work, to investigate the metal doping on the third-order nonlinear optical properties of NiO thin films under femtosecond pulsed laser excitation, pure NiO and 2w,4w,6w,8w Zn doped-NiO nanofilms were prepared by DC-RF co-sputtering technique. Then, the nonlinear absorption properties and nonlinear refractive properties of the five samples were investigated using the femtosecond laser at a wavelength of 515 nm. The experimental results show that the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive properties of NiO are enhanced by the doped metal as well as the effect of defects. In addition, by varying the pump light intensity, we observed the transition of nonlinear absorption from the coexistence of saturated absorption and reverse saturated absorption to reverse saturated absorption. We established a multi-energy level system to interpret the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refractive results, which broadens the application of NiO thin films in the field of nonlinear optics.

MoS2 base films with different morphologies were prepared by modulating the magnetron sputtering parameters, and the base films were used to induce the growth of SnS with different structures, forming columnar and worm-like SnS-MoS2 heterojunctions, which were found to have excellent nonlinear absorption properties and their properties could be modulated by the morphology of the films by Z-scanning tests. The tunable morphology and crystalline quality of the films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques and explained using the Stranski-Krastanow growth mechanism. The Raman spectrum of the heterojunction shows the A(1g) vibrational peak at 320 cm(-1) and the appearance of Sn4+ in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the existence of S-Sn-S charge transfer channels between the interfaces. The fine spectra of all the elements in the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data as well as the characteristic absorption peaks in the absorption spectra confirm the formation of heterojunctions, and the constructed heterojunctions are determined to be type-II heterojunctions using the method of the core energy level. Heterojunction was determined to be a type-II heterojunction by using the core energy level method. The photoluminescence peak quenching of the heterojunction indicates that there is a process of charge transfer between the interfaces, and the type-II heterostructure of SnS-MoS2 makes the nonlinear absorption performance in the 800 nm band regulated by the morphology of the material. The nonlinear optical absorption coefficient is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the pure materials, and the nonlinear absorption performance of the worm-like SnS-MoS2 heterojunction is superior to that of the columnar SnS-MoS2 heterojunction, which is attributed to the larger interfacial contact area, the better crystalline quality, and the more efficient carrier interfacial transport capability. These tunable type-II SnS-MoS2 heterojunctions with ultrafast nonlinear optical absorption have a positive impact on practical applications such as optical limiter devices and all-optical switching devices.

MoSe2 thin films and Ag/MoSe2 composite thin films were prepared by physical vapour deposition (PVD). The morphology and structure of the composite film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and absorption spectroscopy. The UV-visible absorption spectrum characterizes the linear absorptivity of the composite films. Due to the plasma effect of Ag nanofilms, the Ag/MoSe2 composite films showed a significant increase in the absorption intensity of the films compared to the MoSe2 films. The nonlinear absorption properties of MoSe2 thin films were investigated using the open-aperture Z-scan technique. The calculated nonlinear absorption coefficient (beta) showed that the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the Ag/MoSe2 composite film is an order of magnitude higher than that of the MoSe2 film, indicating that the Ag nanofilm can better improve the nonlinear absorption properties of the MoSe2 film.

Tomographic absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is a promising temperature and concentration monitoring technology because it has fewer optical access requirements and species selectivity. However, the inhomogeneous distribution of temperature and species concentration in a practical reaction flow can cause laser deflection, which may affect the imaging quality. Thus, this study aimed to develop a novel tomographic absorption deflection spectroscopy (TADS) technology for in-situ, quantitative, and simultaneous measurements of temperature and H2O concentration. The proposed system is based on the gas mixing equation and ray tracing, considering the inhomogeneous gradient refractive index and laser bending. Moreover, multi-prior information, including smooth regularization, non-negative constraints, and topological shape constraints, is coupled to mitigate the ill-posedness of inverse problems, thereby improving the accuracy and robustness of multiparameter tomography. Numerical verification and a comparison of algorithms for multimodal flames indicate that the proposed TADS technology exhibits excellent anti-noise performance and can significantly improve reconstruction quality. Additionally, a proof-of-concept based on experimental data of a steady methane diffusion flame is performed to demonstrate the feasibility of TADS as a practical combustion diagnostic. The reconstruction results of instantaneous temperature and H2O concentration on six different cross-sections show that the topological structure, dynamics, and parameter distribution can be quantitatively demonstrated. This technology is expected to enhance the practicability of laser absorption spectroscopy in the in-situ measurement of complex combustion reaction flows with high temperature, high pressure, and strong distortion.