系统论述了渔用聚乙烯纤维的研究现状及其发展趋势,结合聚乙烯塑料的改性方法,提出了渔用聚乙烯纤维增强增韧的改性思路.介绍了橡胶或弹性体、刚性粒子、刚性粒子协同弹性体对聚乙烯增强增韧改性方法,重点介绍了刚性粒子和刚性粒子协同弹性体对聚乙烯的增韧改性,指出纳米粒子协同弹性体增韧渔用聚乙烯纤维将是未来渔用聚乙烯纤维增韧改性的主要研究方向.

以双官能团有机化改性纳米蒙脱土(nano-MMT)为改性添加剂,采用熔融纺丝工艺制备渔用nano-MMT改性聚乳酸(PLA)纤维,研究了渔用改性PLA纤维的形态结构、力学性能、热稳定性和耐磨性能.结果表明,双官能团有机化改性纳米蒙脱土的加入,能够提高PLA纤维的结晶速度和结晶度.当nano-MMT含量为0.5％时,所制得改性PLA纤维的综合力学性能最优,断裂强度为3.2 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为26.8％.改性PLA纤维的热降解性能下降意味着nano-MMT的加入有利于其在实际使用过程中的降解.在干摩擦和水润滑两种条件下,纯PLA纤维的耐磨度分别为2.20 F/tex和5.76 F/tex.当加入0.5％ nano-MMT时,纳米蒙脱土改性聚乳酸(nano-MMT/PLA)纤维在干摩擦和水润滑两种条件下的耐磨度分别为2.34 F/tex和6.03 F/tex,此时nano-MMT/PLA纤维的耐磨性能最好.当nano-MMT的含量增加时(≥0.5％),nano-MMT/PLA纤维的耐磨性反而下降.

高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)是性能优异的通用合成树脂,在工农业生产中有着广泛的应用,在渔业上主要是用作深水抗风浪网箱框架材料.但由于HDPE作为网箱框架材料在户外使用时存在着严重的老化现象,一旦其出现严重的老化不仅严重影响到网箱的使用寿命,甚至由于HDPE框架的老化产生断裂会造成巨大的经济损失.本文归纳并阐述了HDPE的老化机理,阐述了用无机纳米粒子改性HDPE进而提高其耐老化性能,重点归纳了几种用于改性HDPE的无机纳米粒子及其特性,阐明了这几种无机纳米粒子改性HDPE耐老化的机理和优势,总结了国内外无机纳米粒子表面处理方法及纳米改性HDPE耐老化性能的最新研究进展及发展趋势.

Physical and mechanical properties of the 12-strand ultra-high strength rope used in offshore nets have been studied by East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute from 2000 to 2012.The results showed that the value of the linear density of the UHSPE rope with diameter 12 mm was 80.0ktex,the value of the breaking force of the UHSPE rope with diameter 12 mm was 60.7kN,the value of the breaking strength of the UHSPE rope with diameter 12 mm was 7.59 cN/dtex,and the value of the elongation of the UHSPE rope with diameter 12 mm was 6.2%.UHSPE rope had the character of high breaking force,high breaking strength and less elongation;compared to the common synthetic fiber rope(common rope) with same diameter,the breaking strength performance of UHSPE rope was very obvious;On condition of maintaining the rope breaking strength superiority,replacing the common rope by UHSPE rope for the using of offshore cage body,could decrease the linear density,the elongation,the cage resistance,the raw material consumption of cage and the rope using diameter,it also could increase the rope breaking strength.Compared to the common rope,UHSPE rope had high safety,good abrasive resistance,long service life and good cost performance.

A study of the isothermal crystallization behaviors of poly(9,9-dihexylfluorene-alt-2,5-didodecyloxybenzene) (PF6OC12) was carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The crystallization kinetics under isothermal conditions could be described by the Avrami equation. The Avrami exponent n ranges from 3.43 to 3.71 for PF6OC12 at crystallization temperatures between 100.0 degrees C and 90.0 degrees C, indicating a three-dimensional spherical crystal growth with homogeneous nucleation in the primary crystallization stage for the isothermal melt crystallization process. In the DSC scan, after the isothermal crystallization, multiple melting behavior was found. The multiple endotherms could be attributed to melting of recrystallized materials produced originally during different crystallization processes. According to the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy was determined to be 211.29 kJmol(-1) for the isothermal melt crystallization of PF6OC12.

Physical properties of the ultra-high strength raschel netting used in cage body of offshore cage (UHSPE raschel netting) have been studied in East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute from 2010 to 2012. The results showed that, the mesh strength, netting breaking strength in N-direction, netting breaking strength in T-direction, percentage of breaking elongation in N-direction and percentage of breaking elongation in T-direction of the 3-strand UHSPE raschel netting ( UHSPE-267tex × 3- 45 ) were 143.6daN;465.2daN; 441.6daN;27.1% and 50.4%, respectively. Under the same condition(including mesh size, mesh joint structure, high temperature-fixing), there were obvious differences between the 3-strand UHSPE raschel netting( UHSPE-267tex ×3- 45 ) and 78-strand polyamide ( PA ) raschel netting ( PA-23tex × 78- 45 ) in tensile mechanical properties. Under the up-mentioned condition, 3-strand UHSPE raschel netting had an advantage over 78-strand PA raschel netting, while in percentage of breaking elongation in N-direction, the latter was bigger than the former. Under the prerequisite of a netting strength advantage, the 3-strand UHSPE raschel netting, if used in offshore cage etc. was more economical than 78-strand PA raschel netting. It is feasible to apply and disseminate the 3-strand UHSPE raschel netting in offshore cage.

The cage frame materials with excellent properties were prepared by melt blending barium sulfate nanoparticles(nano-BaSO4) and high density polyethylene(HDPE).The scanning electron microscope(SEM)micrographs confirmed that nano-BaSO4 were well dispersed in HDPE matrix,and the interface bonding was very good when the content of nano-BaSO4 was ≤1%.The results of thermogravimetric analysis and heating aging test showed that increasing the crystallinity of HDPE lead to enhancement of the mechanical property of HDPE in the experimental conditions of heating and aging tests;adding the nano-BaSO4 helped to improve the thermal stability,thermal oxidative stability and aging resistance property of HDPE.

The double-pipeline round gravity cage was made as cage model and made experiments in flume tank with the size of 90 m×6 m×3 m.The experimental cage is cylinder.A middle ring were set up at half of depth of cage,and modified reducing current velocity cage were as subject investigated,which was 50 m,depth was 8 m and middle ring was 75 m.The results showed the reducing current velocity effect of new cage increased 5.68%-8.16% compared with that of original cage.The inner current velocity of reducing current velocity cage decreased 25.33% averagely compared with external current velocity.The reducing current velocity cage effectively reduced velocity of inner cage,decreased against the stream swimming intensity of fish and supply good growing environment for cultured fishes.

A middle ring was set up in the middle of the cage,and formed the modified auto decrement current velocity cage(circumference 50 m,depth 8 m and middle ring circumference 75 m).As a cage model,experiments were made on the modified auto decrement current velocity cage in a flume tank of 90 m×6 m×3 m.Results showed that the volumetric maintenance rate of auto decrement current velocity cage was higher than that of the original cage;the new volumetric maintenance rate was up to 90.4% at 1 kn current velocity;the reducing current velocity effect of new cage increased by 5.8%-13.9% compared with that of the original;the inner current velocity of reducing current velocity cage decreased by 25.0%-31.2% compared with the external current velocity.The auto decrement current velocity cage effectively reduced velocity of inner cage and increased volumetric maintenance rate,which could supply better environment for cultured fishes.

The compound fishing polypropylene polyamide(PP/PA) monofilament is a new fishing fiber material made by East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute using blending modification technology and a special spinning process.Based on the initial research of microstructures and tensile mechanical properties of compound fishing PP/PA and common polypropylene(PP) monofilaments,the study on wear mass loss,wearing times per unit linear density,preservation rate of breaking strength and change of percentage of breaking elongation of the monofilaments was carried out in the condition of the same pressure load.Results indicated that in the condition of the same pressure load(1.274N),wear mass loss of the compound fishing PP/PA monofilaments is 25.9%,10.0% less than the common PP monofilaments under the dry sliding and water lubricated conditions respectively;in the condition of the 1.274N,2.901N and 5.351N pressure load,wearing times per unit linear density of the compound fishing PP/PA monofilaments is 38.4%,28.2% and 28.4% higher than the common PP monofilaments under the dry sliding conditions respectively;under the condition of 1.274N,2.901N and 5.351N pressure load,wearing times per unit linear density of the compound fishing PP/PA monofilaments is 63.8%,74.7% and 94.6% higher than the common PP monofilaments under the water lubricated conditions respectively;under the condition of the same pressure load(1.274N),friction times and dry sliding,the compound fishing PP/PA monofilaments are higher than the common PP monofilaments in preservation rate of breaking strength,while in wear mass loss and change of percentage of breaking elongation the latter is higher than the former.The compound fishing PP/PA monofilaments are better than common PP monofilaments in abrasion resistance.The relationship between the microstructures and properties of the aforementioned monofilaments were revealed.Experimental results showed that the abrasion resistance of fishing PP/PA monofilaments mounted up compared to common PP monofilaments.

In order to study the degradation property of starch/polylactic acid (PLA) composites in a briny environment, injection-moulded tensile bars of starch/PLA composites were investigated by immersion in static seawater controlled at 25 °C for 1 year. SEM micrographs showed that starch particles were lost from the bar because of microbial action. GPC results showed the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PLA decreased with degradation time. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) measured by DSC decreased slightly with degradation time. An increase of crystallinity calculated from the DSC data was attributed to the decrease of molecular weight. Weight losses were mainly due to loss of starch. The impact strength of the composites decreased monotonically with degradation time; tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites first decreased, then increased and at last decreased again with degradation time, and the water was acting as a plasticizer. The starch/PLA composites in seawater had degradability, but the degradation rate of composite bars studied in this paper was very slow.

The anti-static poly(ethylene terephthalate) / antimony doped tin oxide(PET/ATO) nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ polymerization.The experimental result of nanocomposites confirms that ATO nanoparticles are well dispersed in PET matrix,and the size of agglomeration is 100 nm～150 nm.Adding ATO nanoparticles does not change the type of PET flow curve.With increasing the content of ATO nanoparticles,melt viscosities of nanocomposites increased first and then decrease at the same shear frequency.Adding the ATO nanoparticles improves the thermal stability of nanocomposites,which is beneficial to melt spinning.PET/ATO nanocomposites were spun into fiber by the melt-spinning process.The PET/ATO hybrid fiber exhibits volume resistivity of 4.9×108 Ω·cm when the content of ATO is 1.0%.The percolation threshold of PET/ATO hybrid fibers at room temperature is as low as 1.05%,much lower than that of the composites filled with conventional conductive particles.

用溶剂挥发法制备了可以包埋海洋防污剂苯甲酸钠的聚苯乙烯聚合物微球,并实现了防污剂在海洋防污涂料中的的缓慢释放。讨论了影响微球性能的一些因素,聚合物微球的粒径分别随着温度的降低,分散剂浓度的升高以及搅拌速度的提高而减小。采用标准曲线法,对防污剂释放速度进行了分析,并与未用微球包埋的苯甲酸钠释放速度进行对比,缓释效果明显。抑菌试验也表明,即使在去离子水中浸泡120天后的防污涂层样品依然对典型海洋防污细菌具有明显抑制效果。

2008～2011年期间在东海所对共混改性聚丙烯聚乙烯（PP／PE）编织线进行了初步研究。结果表明，共混改性PP／PE编织线具有断裂强力高的特性，在保持网线断裂强力优势的前提下，以共混改性PP/PE编织线替代普通乙纶（PE）捻线用作网线，能使网线线密度减小、使用直径减小、原材料消耗减小，相关渔具或网箱的水阻力也相应减小，从而实现渔业生产的节能降耗；在保持同等直径的前提下，共混改性PP／PE编织线较相同直径的普通PE捻线具有相对较好的物理性能，其渔用性能及渔用适配性也相对较好；在保持网线断裂强力优势的前提下，使用共混改性PP／PE编织线比使用普通PE捻线更经济，其在渔业生产中推广应用上具有经济可行性。结论可供渔具或网箱设计及网线材料选配时参考。

High density polyethylene (HDPE)-based composites were prepared by blending HDPE with BaSO4 nanoparticles, which had been treated with sodium stearate. Variations in crystallization behaviour, mechanical properties, storage modulus and damping parameter (tan d) with the addition of BaSO4 nanoparticles were investigated by SEM, XRD, DSC, DMA, etc. The crystallization rate steadily increased with the content of BaSO4 nanoparticles because of these nanoparticles acting as a heterogeneous nucleation agent. The impact strength of HDPE first increased and then decreased with increasing the content of BaSO4 nanoparticles. The maximum impact strength of HDPE nanocomposites was achieved at a weight ratio of BaSO4/HDPE = 1/100. However, the tensile yield stress gradually increased with the content of BaSO4 nanoparticles. Dynamic mechanical analysis data showed an increase in the storage modulus of composites with increasing content of BaSO4 nanoparticles. The tan d value of nanocomposites decreased in comparison to the neat HDPE. It was demonstrated that the BaSO4 nanoparticles treated with sodium stearate had stronger effective interface interaction with HDPE matrix and adding 1.0 wt.% modified BaSO4 nanoparticles could effectively reinforce HDPE matrix.

为了更好的应对台风和赤潮等对网箱及养殖鱼类的危害,现开发一种网箱浮管内填充橡胶气囊,通过调节气囊内气体量来控制网箱升降的技术。试验表明,该方法可实现网箱平稳升降,操作简便,具有较好的推广使用性。

The high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/barium sulfate (BaSO4) nanocomposites had been successfully prepared by melt-blending. Nonisothermal melt-crystallization kinetics of neat HDPE and HDPE/BaSO4 nanocomposites was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry under different cooling rates. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior was analyzed by Ozawa, Avrami, and combined Ozawa-Avrami methods. It was found that the Ozawa method failed to describe the nonisothermal crystallization behavior of neat HDPE and HDPE/BaSO4 nanocomposites. The modified Avrami method by Jeziorny was only valid for describing the middle stage of crystallization but was not able to describe the later stage of neat HDPE and HDPE/BaSO4 nanocomposites crystallization. The value of Avrami exponent n for neat HDPE ranged from 3.3 to 5.7 and for HDPE/BaSO4 nanocomposites ranged from 1.8 to 2.5. It is postulated that the values of n close to 3 are caused by spherulitic crystal growth with heterogeneous nucleation, whereas simultaneous occurrence of spherulitic and lamellar crystal growth with heterogeneous nucleation account for lower values of n. The combined Ozawa-Avrami method by Mo and coworkers (Polym. Eng. Sci., 37(3), 568 (1997)) was able to satisfactorily describe the crystallization behavior of neat HDPE and HDPE/BaSO4 nanocomposites. In addition, the activation energy of nonisothermal crystallization was determined using the Kissinger (J. Res. Nath Bur Stand, 57(4), 217 (1956)) method, showing that the crystallization activation energy of HDPE/BaSO4 nanocomposites was lower than that of neat HDPE. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 49:2342-2349, 2009. (C) 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers

2007年～2010年期间在东海水产研究所对高性能乙纶八股绳性能进行了研究。结果表明,公称直径12.0 mm和14.0 mm高性能乙纶八股绳的力学性能、耐磨性和使用寿命优于等直径的普通三股乙纶绳,其性能价格比优于普通三股乙纶绳和普通三股锦纶绳。高性能乙纶八股绳为我国节能降耗型网具的研制提供了配套材料,具有一定的安全效果和经济可行性,能在我国渔业中应用并推广。

Degradability of polycaprolactone(PCL) in seawater environment for 10 months was studied.The degradability of samples was studied monthly by GPC,DSC,FTIR and mechanical property analysis,and SEM was used to observe the inner conditions of samples.SEM photographs showed that no void or crackle appeared on the surface of PCL during degradation,but the surface became smoother,which indicated increased brittleness.The values of molecular weight and distribution of composites both decreased as degradation proceeded,meanwhile mechanical properties of PCL also decreased.However,because of the plasticizing effect of water,the decrease tendency of tensile property and elongation rate at break became gentle.DSC results showed: with the combined effect of molecular chain rupture and degradation mainly occurring in amorphous region,the crystallinity of PCL increased slightly as degradation time increased.FTIR results further confirmed the analysis results of GPC and DSC.The analysis showed PCL had certain degradability in seawater,but the biodegradation process was very slow.