The solid acid catalyst SO2 -4 /Fe2 O3 was prepared by direct calcining FeSO4 ?7H2 O ,and characterized by temperature programmed desorption of NH3 (NH3‐TPD) .With industrial alcohol as solvent ,the catalytic activity of SO2 -4 /Fe2O3 catalyst in liquefaction of Enteromorpha prolifera (E. p roli f era) was investigated . Results showed that both calcining temperature and time had significant influences on the surface acid strength and acid amount of SO2 -4 /Fe2O3 . The SO2 -4 /Fe2 O3 obtained by calcining FeSO4 ?7H2 O for 5 h at 500℃ had the best catalytic activity in E .prolifera thermal liquefaction to produce bio‐oil .Compared with the E. prolifera thermal liquefaction without catalyst ,the bio‐oil yield increased from 44.8% to 48.5% ,while residue yield decreased from 40.7% to 35.0% .The bio‐oil from E . prolifera thermal liquefaction contained a large amount of monosaccharides and ethyl ester compounds .In the presence of SO2 -4 /Fe2 O3 ,the content of monosaccharides decreased , w hile the content of ethyl ester compounds increased significantly ,and ,also alkanes were formed .

直接焙烧FeSO4·7H2O制备固体酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化剂,并对其进行NH3程序升温脱附表征。以工业乙醇为溶剂,研究了该催化剂对浒苔热液化生产生物油的催化作用。结果表明,焙烧温度和焙烧时间对固体酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化剂表面的酸量和酸强度有显著影响。500℃焙烧5h制备的SO2-4/Fe2O3催化效果最好,可以显著提高浒苔热液化生物油产率;与未加催化剂相比,生物油产率从44.8%提高至48.5%、残渣产率从40.7%降至35.0%。浒苔热液化所得生物油中含有较多的单糖和乙酯类化合物;加入固体酸SO2-4/Fe2O3催化剂后,所得生物油中单糖类物质含量降低,乙酯类化合物含量显著增加,且有烷烃类物质形成。

The paper describes the software structure,the simulation object track production mode and the simulation object operation management of marine target simulation realization in the battlefield situation generator.Firstly,it describes two methods and ideas of producing target track simulation and starting the simulation object operation detailly.Secondly,it explains how to predict and control the trajectory of the target according to the simulation object operation process.Thirdly,it introduces the quote control of the simulation object real-time state in order to generate real time and effective simulated sea condition information.

The main functions and features of the general land battlefield situation map software in the integrated construction of command and control systems are described.The way to utilize the plug-in unit technology is introduced for realizing the flexible access of situation source,the real-time load of situation layers and tables,and the expansion of additional business processing functions.The situation map software has the flexibility and the efficiency in the function expansion,and the common usage on the performances.

In this paper,the tactical airspace integration management system(TAIS)of US military force is introduced,including the objective,architecture,performance and developing status of the system.Meanwhile,the way US military force manage various kinds of airspace users,including air aviation,air defense,artillery,UAV,EW aircraft and special force,the way to realize the planning,deployment,surveillance and management of the belonged aircrafts,the way to ensure the security of the various kinds of belonged/friend aircrafts,and the way to optimize the service efficiency of the airspace source are introduced.

The issue of gaining access to the status of air target information distribution and that of adjusting distribution policy in a multi-level air defense system are described.By monitoring,collecting and analyzing the disturbed information,the status of information distribution can be known.By checking and comparing the received information,the success rate of information distribution can be attained.Based on the success rate of information distribution,the distribution policy can be adjusted automatically by the system or manually by the operator.In this way,the status of the air target information distribution in a multi-level air defense system can be accessed and the information distribution can be managed.

The characteristics of the land battlefield airspace are firstly analyzed,called the dynamic airspace,diversified users,and dynamic control solution.Then,it proposes the main functions of the land battlefield synthetic management system in terms of airspace control preplanning,real-time management of the operational airspace during combat readiness or in the midst of the battle,and near real-time adjustment of the airspace control plan.Only through orchestrated management of the land battlefield airspace and good coordination among different arms in operation,users can safely,efficiently,and flexibly use the airspace.

Objective:Fermentation medium and conditions of neutral protease from Bacillus compatibility group were optimized by response surface analysis and the optimum condition of enzyme production was established.Method:Twolevel factorials of Plackett-Burman by Minitab software were constructed to evaluate the influence of related factors.The path of steepest ascent was used to approach the optimal region of the protease production.Then the optimized level of these factors were determined by response surface methodology.Result: The results showed that wheat bran and amount of inoculums influenced protease production positively while liquid volume and fermentation temperature influenced negatively,the highest anticipation protease activity is up to 209.6867 U/mL when the conditions are as follows: the concentration of wheat bran is 2.93%,incubation temperature is 32 ℃,amount of inoculums is 5.75% and liquid volume is 15 mL/50 mL.The results of three verification test approach the forecast value,enzymatic activity increased 42%,the correlation coefficient was 84.36%.Conclusion: Above these can shorten the production time,depress the developed cost,rise the economic returns,and easy to neutral protease industrialized extend and application.

The purpose is to study the enzyme characterizations of neutral protease fermented by synergism strains of Bacillus natto SH and B1.The optimal reaction temperature,optimal reaction pH,pH stability,thermal stability,metal ions,surface-active agent,inhibiter,simulated intestinal environment on enzyme stability were determined by Folin-phenol method,diversify graphs of residual activity were drawed.The results showed that the optimal reaction temperature of protease was 70 ℃,the optimal pH was 11.0,the next was 7.0.The thermal stability of protease was high at 40 ℃,and stable from pH 6 to 7,belonging to neutral protease.The protease activity was inhibited by metal ions,inhibiter and simulate stomach environment,but stimulated by 10 g/L Tween-80 and simulate intestinal tract environment.

In order to increase protease activity through synergetic fermentation with different Bacillus strains which produce protease.The Bacillus strains with high level of protease were screened from the strains isolated by the lab by using casein flat method,and the obtained strains were fermented separately,two-two mixed and three-mixed respectively,the protease activity of the ferments was assayed by Folin method.it showed that Bacillus natto SH,TCP and B1 have higher capability of protease.The protease activity of the products fermented with strain SH in combination with B1 was much higher compared to that fermented with strain SH or strain B1 separately,increasing by 37.69% and 59.23% respectively.Scientific compatibility of different strains can be used to increase protease activity significantly in shaking flask.

为探索地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和纳豆芽孢杆菌N1、SH、TCP、B1、B2株产生消化酶(淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶)的能力,采用鉴别培养基进行筛选比较。结果显示,不同菌株产消化酶的能力相差很大,其中地衣芽孢杆菌产淀粉酶的能力最强,产蛋白酶的能力较弱,不产脂肪酶;B1株纳豆芽孢杆菌产蛋白酶的能力最强,产淀粉酶能力却最弱;除地衣芽孢杆菌,其他6株芽孢杆菌都产生脂肪酶。

Objective:Comparison studies of biological characteristic features between Bacillus natto vegetative cells and spores. Methods:Natto Bacillus spores suspension liquid was prepared by using nutrition consumption method,comparied effect of different temperature,pH,salt content and simulated gastract-intestinal environment on Natto Bacillus vegetative cells and spores was compared by scribble the flat counting bacterial colony method,check drug sensitivity between vegetative cells and spores by test paper. Results:Natto Bacillus appeared second growth,the endurance of spores are more robust than vegetative cells for temperature,pH,salt content and simulated gastract-intestinal environment,but more sensitivity to drug(besides Bacitracin)than vegetative cells. Conclusion:The endurance to unfavourable factors of Natto Bacillus spores are more robust than vegetative cells,but more sensitivity to drug than vegetative cells.

In order to facilitate the ecological adjustment of industrial structure,this paper analyzes the industrial structure of Nanjing City on the basis of evaluating the comprehensive impact of economy,energy consumption and environmental(pollution,)so as to eliminate the defects of pure economic analysis.The developmental series of all walks of life in Nanjing is put forward to give some constructive suggestions to the ecological adjustment of its industrial structure by applying Gray(Incidence) Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process.In the process of qualitative assessment,computational precision is also(enhanced) by calling MATLAB C++ Math Library through Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0 directly.

Today's environment,tomorrow's economy. Environment and economy are opposite but also harmonious.So how to pursue the balance between them is of great significance when we make economic decisions.In this paper,we analyze industry on the emphasis of the harmony between ecology and economy to find out the potential defects residing in the industrial structure of Tibet.Then we put forward strategies characterized by developing different industries from other areas, and point out the five industries which should be prioritized to develop in Tibet.They are ecotourism,Tibetan medicine industry,agricultural product processing,national handicraft industry and environmental industry.On the basis of these,some proposals are established to develop these five industries and traditional industries ecologically.In addition,relevant policies to ensure these strategies to be executed successfully are also a focus of this paper.

生态城市的定量化评价尚处于探索阶段,存在缺陷与不足,有待于进一步研究.本文将径向基函数(RBF)神经网络应用于生态城市评价,并在MATLAB环境下将其程序化,不但简化了评价过程,而且提高了定量评价的精度和综合性,充分体现了各因子相互作用对城市生态系统的综合效应.以此为基础,对厦门市生态化程度进行了综合评价,并对课题组在厦门市生态城市概念性规划中所作的指标目标值进行了分析,明确了相应年份规划目标值的生态化程度.若将城市历年指标值进行规范化处理.通过RBF神经网络进行定量评价,可分析城市的发展轨迹,为生态城市建设提供科学依据和决策支持.