兽医微生物学是一门面向动物医学、动物药学本科专业学生的专业基础课,掌握该门课程为后期学好其他专业课程奠定基础.为解决传统兽医微生物学教学过程存在内容繁杂、记忆和理解困难等问题,笔者将雨课堂工具应用于兽医微生物学教学过程中,将师生的智能终端联系起来,通过对课前、课上、课后每一个教学环节的设计与信息反馈,让教师及时掌握学生的学习动态,同时激发学生学习兴趣、提高学生的积极性和主动性,实现了师生之间良好的相互交流,提高了课堂教学效果,培养了学生独立思考、拓展思维等综合素质.

为了解江西地区猪链球菌耐药性及毒力基因的情况,本试验对2014-2016年江西地区不同规模化猪场疑似猪链球菌病的病例中,分离得到的62株猪链球菌,通过PCR和K-B纸片法对其毒力基因及药物敏感性进行检测.毒力基因检测结果显示,100％的毒株含谷氨酸脱氢酶(gdh)、75.8％的毒株含溶菌酶释放蛋白(mrp)、58.1％的毒株含纤连蛋白和纤连蛋白原结合蛋白(fbps)、54.8％的毒株含毒力相关序列(orf2)、53.2％的毒株含胞外蛋白因子(epf)、22.3％的毒株含溶血索(sly).药物敏感性试验结果显示,对四环素、红霉素、强力霉素耐药严重,分别占96.78％、80.64％、80.64％;对头孢唑啉、头孢噻污、阿莫西林敏感度较高,分别占85.49％、87.1％、82.26％.

通过选择性培养基、PCR技术分离鉴定粪肠球菌,采用PCR技术检测agg、clyA、efaA、esp、ace和gelE基因,使用K-B法测定分离株对红霉素、多西环素、环丙沙星和氟苯尼考的敏感性.结果共分离并鉴定出226株粪肠球菌.98.23％的粪肠球菌至少携带1种毒力基因,各基因检出率由高到低依次为efaA、ace、gelE、agg、esp和clyA.有75.22％分离株携带3～5种毒力基因.分离株对红霉素和多西环素耐药率较高,分别为97.35％和92.48％,对环丙沙星和氟苯尼考耐药率相对较低,分别为65.04％和61.95％,但没有统计学上的区别.因此,携带毒力基因数的多少与抗菌药物的耐药性之间不存在统计学上的关联.

小鼠作为实验动物,在多种医学科学实验中被广泛应用.其需求量日益增多,并且对质量的要求越来越高[1].实验动物感染寄生虫可使实验研究受到干扰,甚至影响结论的正确性,从而降低科研的科学性、准确性及稳定性[2].多发易发的鼠球虫病是由艾美耳球虫寄生于鼠的肠道而引起小鼠消化不良和腹泻甚至死亡症状的寄生虫病,危害较为严重.据报道,寄生于小鼠的艾美耳球虫有12种,其生活史清楚且具有一定致病性的镰形艾美耳球虫(E.falciformis)及蠕形艾美耳球虫(E.vermiformis)两种[3],为了解小鼠感染E.falciformis虫株后出现的临床症状及寄生部位组织病理变化,笔者进行鼠镰形艾美耳球虫致病性试验,旨为共同提高对小鼠镰形艾美耳球虫病的认识,防制小鼠球虫病的发生,保障实验小鼠质量提供临床理论依据.

为了分离鉴定产乳酸菌细菌素,采用双层琼脂扩散法,对从健康鸡肠道内容物分离到的68株乳酸菌进行筛选,获得对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鸡白痢沙门菌均有抑制作用的17株乳酸菌,在排除酸、过氧化氢等因素作用后仍具有较强抑菌活性,表明发酵液中还有其他抑菌活性物质的存在,用蛋白酶处理上清液后有6株菌的抑菌效果消失,表明抑菌物质具有蛋白质性质,是一种细菌素类物质.筛选出的菌株所产抑菌物质是一种广谱细菌素,它们对革兰阳性菌和革兰阴性菌均具有较强抑制效果.结合形态鉴定、生理生化特性试验以及16S rRNA序列同源性分析鉴定菌株LABJN02、LABJN05、LABJN06和LABJNI4分离菌为唾液乳杆菌,LABJN16为约氏乳杆菌,LABJN31为卷曲乳杆菌.细菌素作为潜在的抑菌物质,与其产生菌一起在平衡肠道菌群中具有重要意义.

为建立一种简单、快速、灵敏、准确的产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)检测方法,根据产肠毒素大肠杆菌菌毛(K88)和毒素(STa和LT)基因分别设计合成了1对引物,对K88、STa和LT基因扩增条件进行优化,建立了检测K88、STa和LT的三重PCR方法.该方法对K88、STa和LT基因的扩增产物分别为499 bp,190bp和373 bp;此外,该方法具有良好的灵敏性和特异性.本实验建立的三重PCR方法为致幼畜腹泻ETEC的检测提供了快速准确方法.用所建立的三重PCR方法对实验室从临床腹泻样品中分离的120株大肠杆菌进行检测,结果9株为K88/LT/STa阳性,14株为K88/LT阳性,21株K88/STa阳性,13株LT/STa阳性,8株K88阳性,2株LT阳性,12株STa阳性.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED), caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is a highly contagious, acute enteric viral disease of swine characterized by vomiting, watery diarrhea, dehydration and death. To identify and characterize the field PEDVs associated with the outbreaks of severe diarrhea in piglets in Jiangxi, 2013, the complete genome sequences of two representative strains of PEDV, designated CH/JX-1/2013 and CH/JX-2/2013, were determined and analyzed. The genome sequences of both emergent Jiangxi PEDV strains, CH/JX-1/2013 and CH/JX-2/2013, were 28,038 nucleotides in length excluding 3' poly (A) tail. Compared to the PEDV CV777 strain, CH/JX-1/2013 and CH/JX-2/2013 had some unique genetic characteristics in the proximal region of the 5´-UTRs. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete genomes and the structural proteins revealed that CH/JX-1/2013 and CH/JX-2/2013 had a close relationship with post-2010 Chinese PEDV strains and US strains identified in 2013. The nucleotide identity between the two Jiangxi strains (CH/JX-1/2013 and CH/JX-2/2013) and 30 strains of PEDV identified ante-2010 and post-2010 ranged from 96.3-97.0% and 97.3-99.7%, respectively. Multiple nucleotide and deduced amino acid mutations were observed in the ORF1a/b, S, ORF3, E, M and N genes among the current field PEDV strains when compared to the CV777 strain. Some of the mutations altered the amino acid charge and hydrophilicity, and notably, there was an amino acid substitution in the middle of one neutralizing epitope (L1371I) of the S gene of both CH/JX-1/2013 and CH/JX-2/2013. Taken together, the accumulated genetic variations of the current field PEDV strains might have led to antigenic changes of the viruses, which might confer the less effectiveness or failure of the CV777-based vaccines currently being widely used in Jiangxi, China.

猪链球菌病是由感染溶血性链球菌引起的，此病发病急、病程短、死亡率高，各种年龄和品种的猪都可以发病，临床上常表现为猪急性败血症、脑膜炎、肺炎、淋巴结脓肿、慢性关节炎及心内膜炎等[1]，已成为养猪生产中的常见病和多发病，对养猪业危害很大。

To study the effect of Cordyceps power on poultry ( chickens) immunity,a total of 240 healthy black chickens were randomly divided into four equal groups:low?,mid?,high?dose Cordyceps power group,and blank control group.At the 10,20,30 days during the experiment,20 chickens of each group were selected ran?domly to take blood sample for detecting the activity of immune cells and the Newcastle disease( ND) antibody titers,then they were euthanized to detect the development of the weights of spleen and bursa.Chickens immune function was understood by the indexes of the weights of spleen and bursa,E?rosette rate,lymphocyte transfor?mation rate and Newcastle disease antibody titers. The results showed that Cordyceps power could promote the development of chicken immune organs and increase the activity of T lymphocyte.At the 20 day during the ex?periment,the ND antibody titers in the middle?dose group improved by 1∶22.1 compared with the control group, and the high?dose group improved by 1∶22.53.The results indicated that Cordyceps power can enhance chickens’ immunity.

当前大学生中存在着诸多学习动力不足的现象，为确切把握大学生学习动力情况，本文根据对济南大学在校大学生调查，分析大学生学习动力现状和问题及影响大学生学习动力的诸多因素，同时提出高校应通过职业生涯规划教育，帮助学生明确学习目标，激发学生学习动力和精力投入，从而更好地推动学风建设。

在对15种副猪嗜血杆菌血清型参考株鉴定获得15种不同ERIC-PCR指纹的基础上,对2012 - 2014年分离自江西地区41株副猪嗜血杆菌临床分离菌株进行指纹鉴定.结果表明,41株副猪嗜血杆菌产生20种不同的指纹图谱,相同血清型的菌株表现出不同的指纹图谱,无法进行血清分型的副猪嗜血杆菌应用该方法可得到充分区分.该方法证实副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱存在丰富的多样性,可适用于副猪嗜血杆菌的快速基因分型及分子流行病学调查.

猪丹毒是由猪丹毒杆菌引起的一种急慢性、热性人兽共患病[1]。临床与剖检特征为高热、急性败血症、亚急性疹块性和慢性疣状心内膜炎及多发性非化脓性关节炎[2]。该病呈世界性广泛分布，也为我国主要的猪传染病之一，炎热潮湿季节多发，主要感染3～12月龄猪，发病率一般为10％～15％，严重时死亡率可达50％[3]。

为了解江西省猪群猪传染性胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)感染现状,本试验利用APP江西分离株研制了抗体间接血凝检测法(IHA).试验将纯化的APP江西分离株培养菌液反复冻融,经超声波裂解处理后提取菌体抗原,致敏经戊二醛固定鞣酸化的兔红细胞,成功建立了APP抗体的IHA法.应用该法对猪瘟病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒等病毒的阳性血清进行检测试验,结果均为阴性;对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、副猪嗜血杆菌阳性血清检测均为阴性.不同批次APP抗原经IHA检测,结果显示重复性好.本试验结果表明所建立的APP抗体IHA检测法有较好的特异性和重复性,为下一步血清学调查奠定基础.

Bacteria were isolated from the ascites ,muscle,internal organs of Andrias davidianus infected with hydropsy and from its living water in a Andrias davidianus farm of Jiangxi Province .The pathogenic bacte-ria were identified by biochemical assays and 16SrRNA sequencing , and characterized by Aer gene sequen-cing,pathogenicity test,antibiotic sensitive test and MIC .The results showed that the pathogenic bacterium was identified as a kind of highly pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila,which was sensitive to penicillin ,cefazolin,cef-operazone,streptomycin and amikacin,but resistant to bactrim,amoxicillin,doxycycline,erythromycin,spectino-mycin and chlora mphenicol .MIC test showed that gentamycin sulfate and ofloxacin had much bigger inhibiting effect on Aeromonas hydrophila than the two kinds of disinfectants ,whose effect is now decreasing significantly .

<正>以问题为导向的教学方法(problem-based learning,PBL),是基于现实世界的以学生为中心的教育方式,1969年由美国的神经病学教授Barrows在加拿大的麦克马斯特大学首创,目前已成为国际上较流行的一种教学方法。

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of tplasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and myocardial troponin(cTn1) in pneumonia complicated with heart failure patients plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and myocardial troponin(cTn1) changes and severe pneumonia,not merge heart failure patients and healthy controls the different expression,and to discusses plasma brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) and myocardial troponin(cTn1) and the correlation with the change of the disease and the pneumonia complicated with heart failure in clinical diagnosis of meaning level of BNP and cTnI in the heart failure and pneumonia.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 42 patients who had heart failure and pneumonia from January 2010 to January 2012,pneumonia were selected by the end of the 34 patients in the same period.Outpatient service medical check-up of 30 patients with negative health for the control group,heart function BNP and cTn1 level change within 24 h were tested and evaluated.Results: The level of BNP(378.14,142.53,0.74 ±0.15)and cTn1(0.84,0.32,0.18) heart failure group,positive control,negative control group(H=140.67,H=30.14,P0.001).The level of BNP(378.14,140.32) and cTn1(0.84,0.04)heart failure group(t=2.044,t=2.051,P0.05).Conclusions: BNP and cTn1 in pneumonia complicated with heart failure patients for high expression,were significantly higher than severe pneumonia in patients with heart failure did not merge with heart failure with unconsolidated heart failure group of BNP and cTn1 level also significantly higher than healthy controls that BNP and cTn1 expression and a positive correlation between the illness.And in pneumonia complicated with heart failure in the acute phase of expression is higher than convalescence,showed that BNP,cTnI levels change can be diagnosed patients disease severity and pneumonia complicated with heart failure for acute phase or chronic improve basis,can improve cardiac function failure for the early clinical reference.BNP and cTn1 in heart failure and pneumonia patients for high expression,heart failure and pneumonia in the acute phase of expression than recovery,BNP,cTnI levels can provide clinical reference for diagnosis of early heart function failure.

Canine parvovirus infection is caused by canine parvovirus (CPV), and is one of the most important infectious diseases causing dog deaths. The current diagnosis of the disease mainly uses the colloidal gold rapid detection test plate method. Although this detection method is much simple and rapid, but its sensitivity is poor. Based on the analysis of CPV-2 genome sequence published in the website NCBI GenBank, the author selected the gene conserved sequence of the virus VP2, then designed primers to amplify the material through positive diseases and sequencing of PCR products, and compared them with related genes published in NCBI. We found they were homologous from 99.8%to 100%, and successfully established the PCR method with specificity and high sensitivity, and the minimum was just 2.5 pg DNA template. In 28 cases of suspicious CPV case detection, this method detected 25 cases as positive, and 3 as negative, with 89.28% positive rate? the colloidal gold assay plates detected 20 cases as positive, and 8 as negative, with 71.42%positive rate. This confirmed that the PCR method was more sensitive than the colloidal gold assay test.

Sick goslings suspected suffering from Escherichia coli infection in goosery in Nanchang,Jiangxi province were used for isolation and identification of the pathogens and drug sensitivity test.A strain was obtained,and the bacteria were Gram-negative.According to the results of biochemical tests and cultural characteristics,the strain was identified as pathogenic E.coli.According to rsmC genes in 16 SrRNA genetic encoding area of E.coli,a pair of specific primers were designed by using the design of primers on NCBI software,pathogenic E.coli was determined through the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) identification and mouse toxicity test.Drug sensitivity test showed that the isolated E.coli strain was highly sensitive to amoxicillin,cefamandole,ofloxacin and levofloxacin,was intermediate sensitive to ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin,while the strain was resistant to the other 16 drugs.Therefore,the multidrug resistance of the strain was serious.

Class 1 integron is strongly associated with multidrug resistance in bacteria.In this study,the drug sensitivity of the pathogenic E.coli strain isolated from goose to 22 antimicrobial agents was tested by the Kirby-Bauer method,and the genes of Class 1 Integron were detected by PCR.The results showed that the isolate was only sensitive to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid,cefamandole,ofloxacin and levofloxacin,and intermediate sensitive to ciprofloxacin and lomefloxacin,but resistant to the other 16 drugs.The isolate was positive for intI1 and qacE△1-sul1 gene,which were 1,200 bp and belong to the Class I-type integron.The sequences analysis revealed that the amplification of 1,200 bp harbored gene cassette arr-3 and dfrA27 conferring resistant to rifampicin and trimethoprim,respectively.The result suggested that it is critical to monitor drug resistant bacteria at the gene level.

目的探讨和观察中医护理在射频消融技术治疗肝癌中出现的不良反应所发挥的效能作用。方法采用射频热消融术对肝癌患者实施治疗,对术前及术后的发热、疼痛、腹胀、肝功能损害等不良反应采取中医护理,观察总结中医护理的效果及要点。结果 58例原发性肝癌患者行68次射频消融术治疗,有36例患者术后出现不同程度不良反应,分别给予因人而异、因病而异的中医护理措施,能够消除患者紧张情绪,使其更好的配合治疗和护理,提高射频消融技术的治疗效果。结论尽管射频消融术后会出现一些不良反应,但通过实施中医护理,不良反应消失较快,均未发生严重并发症,临床症状明显改善,使得病情尽早得到控制和缓解,对减轻患者痛苦、延长患者生存期和生存质量具有重要的意义。