Abstract Mycoviruses are widely distributed across major fungal clades and have significant potential as biocontrol agents, particularly in phytopathogenic fungi, which cause substantial economic losses in agricultural production. Fusarium pseudograminearum, a prominent causal agent of wheat crown rot worldwide, remains underexplored with respect to its associated mycoviral species. To explore the mycovirome of F. pseudograminearum, metatranscriptomic sequencing was performed on 400 isolates of this fungal pathogen in this study. A diverse array of 80 contigs associated with mycovirus species was identified, of which 34 represent novel species. Genome-type analysis revealed 52 positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA), 18 negative-sense ssRNA (-ssRNA), and 10 double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. Classification using BLASTp and phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) sequences placed these mycoviruses into 12 distinct evolutionary lineages. Mitoviruses constituted nearly half (47.5%) of the identified mycoviruses, while phenuiviruses accounted for 11.25%. Intriguingly, multiple mycoviruses shared homology with plant viruses, suggesting possible evolutionary links. This study provides the first comprehensive mycovirome analysis of F. pseudograminearum, uncovering substantial viral diversity. The findings expand our understanding of mycoviral communities and offer new perspectives for studying virus evolution.

The NiTe2nanocrystals anchored on porous graphene films (NiTe2@PG) were fabricated through a sequential process involving vacuum filtration, annealing, and tellurization. Within this structure, the NiTe2nanocrystals formed via the confined growth of NiTe2nanoparticles. The morphology and structure of the NiTe2@PG composite was examined by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction, while the interfacial interaction between NiTe2and graphene was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, the NiTe2@PG electrode delivered an initial reversible capacity of 875.7 mAh g-1at a current density of 100 mA g-1. Furthermore, it exhibited outstanding long-term cyclability, retaining specific capacities of 243.5 and 135 mAh g-1after 10 000 cycles at high current densities of 2 and 5 A g-1, respectively. This remarkable electrochemical performance was attributed to the unique architecture of NiTe2@PG and the robust covalent bonding at the graphene/NiTe2interface. The porous graphene scaffold serves not only as a conductive substrate for the growth of NiTe2nanocrystals but also facilitates electron transport. Concurrently, its porous network shortened the diffusion path for Li+ions and enhanced electrolyte permeability. Moreover, the formation of C-Te-Ni covalent bonds between graphene and NiTe2played a crucial role in maintaining the structural integrity of the electrode during cycling.

Interfacial engineering was paramount for optimizing the DMMP sensing response of metal oxide/graphene composites, serving as a key determinant of their detection capabilities. However, these insights currently lacked support from systematic experimental validation. In this paper, CuO/graphene composites (G-CuO) containing trace Cu2O at the interface between CuO and graphene was designed. Both the CuO and graphene, as well as the Cu2O and graphene, were linked together through the Cu-O-C covalent bonds. The ammonium hydroxide treatment effectively eliminated Cu2O phases at the interface, concomitantly reducing Cu-O-C covalent bonding by 14%. This methodology established a tunable interface platform that enabled systematic investigation into how interfacial modifications dictate DMMP sensing behavior, particularly through selective covalent bond engineering. Compared with G-CuO-N, G-CuO, which had a stronger interface interaction, demonstrated higher sensitivity and faster response time. At an extremely low concentration of 10 ppb, G-CuO exhibited a sensitivity of 12.5% and excellent stability. These findings not only elucidated the critical role of interfacial bonding configurations in modulating DMMP sensing mechanisms, but also established a rational design paradigm for ppb level DMMP detection.

Fusarium species are major pathogens that significantly reduce wheat productivity. It is quite understood that chemical fungicides are efficient in disease management, however their adverse effects that continue to pose threat to human health and the environment necessitates the need for alternative strategies. In order to solve this problem, scientists have conducted researches and explored environmentally friendly approaches including microbial control to curtail the adverse effects of Fusarium spp. causing wheat crown rot (WCR) disease. Based on existing researches conducted in recent time and the past few years, the current study showed that microbial control agents including bacteria of the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas among others play key role in the biocontrol of WCR disease. At the same time, fungal and viral control agents such as Trichoderma and megabirnavirus showed promising control effects against Fusarium spp. These biocontrol agents utilize competition for nutrient or space, synthesized secondary metabolites, volatile organic compounds, induced systemic resistance, produce enzymes or alter genes expression. These prevent early infection, degrades Fusarium spp. cell wall, and inhibits mycelial growth which further reduced WCR disease severity. In this study, we highlighted some hypotheses and suggests future perspectives for subsequent studies in order to ensure sustainable field application of microbial control agents (MCAs).

Stretch-resistant liquid metal/silicone hollow spiral fiber (LM/SHSF) capacitive pressure sensors were prepared using liquid metal (LM) and silicone tubes, which acted as the electrode and the dielectric layers, respectively. Owing to the spiral structure of the fibers, their capacitance change rate was < 10

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have well-defined pore structures. Epitaxial MOFs can produce films with uniform pore sizes and open porosity. However, the growth of epitaxial MOF thin films has remained a challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a cathodic electrodeposition method for the epitaxial growth of a well-known MOF material, copper(II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (Cu-BTC), from solution precursors. The epitaxial electrodeposition of Cu-BTC was achieved in a Cu(NO3)2-H3BTC-H2O2 bath using H2O2 reduction to deprotonate the H3BTC molecule. The Cu-BTC films can be grown to micrometer thicknesses with Faradaic efficiencies up to 94%. Three different crystal orientations of epitaxial Cu-BTC thin films can be obtained with different substrates. The films are deposited onto the (100), (110), and (111) surfaces of single-crystal Au and Cu2O buffer layers. Epitaxial Cu-BTC(100) grows on Au(100) with a single in-plane domain with a parallel relationship with respect to Au(100) and a coincidence site lattice (CSL) mismatch of +1.11%. Epitaxial Cu-BTC(111) is deposited on epitaxial Cu2O/Au(111) with a single in-plane domain with an antiparallel relationship with respect to Cu2O(111) and a CSL mismatch of -0.91%. Twinned films of epitaxial Cu-BTC (110) are produced on Cu2O/Au(110) with a CSL mismatch of +0.12%. Epitaxial Cu-BTC(100) provides oriented square-shaped nanochannels with a 9 Å aperture, and epitaxial Cu-BTC(111) has oriented tetrahedral-shaped side pockets with triangular windows of an internal diameter of 3.5 Å.

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a diabetes mellitus-induced pathophysiological condition that can lead to heart failure. Cinnamaldehyde (CA), a bioactive phytochemical derived from the bark of Cinnamon, exhibits cardioprotective properties against heart injury in metabolic syndrome. This study aims to explore the role of CA on DCM and its cardioprotective mechanisms. Diabetic rats were established by injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60∼85 mg/kg). Subsequently, CA (50 mg/kg) was administered via gavage daily for 28-day duration. Following this treatment, abnormalities levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and LDL-C to HDL-C ratio were ameliorated. Additionally, CA inhibited cardiac histopathological alterations and hypertrophy, reduced brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, shortened S-T and P-R intervals on electrocardiogram, decreased tissue malondialdehyde content, and enhanced myocardial energy metabolism, including Creatine (Cr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and total adenine nucleotides (TAN). Furthermore, CA improved oxidative stress, improved myocardial Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity and downregulated the mRNA expression of AMP protein activation kinase α2 (AMPK-α2), receptor γ coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), while also ameliorating protein expressions, including ratio of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin to mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR/mTOR), level of SQSTM1/p62, and ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta to microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha (LC3Ⅱ/ LC3Ⅰ). In conclusion, these findings indicate that CA can alleviate DCM by modulating AMPK-α2/PPAR-α/PGC-1α signaling pathway to restore energy metabolism and activating autophagy through mTOR signaling pathway.

Wheat crown rot (WCR), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, poses a threat to wheat production worldwide. Two mycoviruses, designated as "Fusarium pseudograminearum mitovirus 2" (FupgMV2) and "Fusarium pseudograminearum mitovirus 3" (FupgMV3), were identified in F. pseudograminearum strain YY514-10-2. The two viral genomes are 2,429 and 2,450 nucleotides long, each containing a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 724-amino-acid-long RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), with 31.98% amino acid sequence identity to each other. BLASTp analysis revealed that the RdRp of FupgMV2 exhibits at least 88.84% amino acid sequence identity to that of Fusarium mitovirus 1, while the RdRp of FupgMV3 shows 80.19% amino acid sequence identity to that of Fusarium mitovirus 2. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that FupgMV2 and FupgMV3 both belong to the genus Unuamitovirus of the family Mitoviridae. This is the first report of two mitoviruses hosted by the same strain of the plant-pathogenic fungus F. pseudograminearum.

IntroductionBladder cancer (BCa) is a common malignancy in the urinary tract. It has high recurrence rates and often requires microscopic examination, which presents significant challenges in clinical treatment. Previous research has shown that circular TAF4B (circTAF4B) is significantly upregulated in BCa and is associated with a poor prognosis. However, the specific targets and molecular mechanisms by which circTAF4B functions in BCa are still not well - understood.MethodsIn this study, an RNA pull - down assay and mass spectrometry were utilized to identify MFN2 as a binding protein of circTAF4B. Additionally, siRNA was used to silence MFN2 to observe the amplification of the inhibitory effects of circTAF4B overexpression on cell growth and migration in BCa cells. Moreover, circTAF4B shRNA lentiviral particles were employed to study their impact on BCa progression by examining the regulation of p27 and the blocking of AKT signaling.ResultsIt was found that MFN2 is a binding protein of circTAF4B. Silencing MFN2 with siRNA enhanced the inhibitory effects of circTAF4B overexpression on cell growth and migration in BCa cells. Also, circTAF4B shRNA lentiviral particles inhibited BCa progression by upregulating p27 and blocking AKT signaling.DiscussionIn conclusion, the physical binding of circTAF4B to MFN2 is a crucial process in the tumorigenesis and progression of BCa. Targeting circTAF4B or its complexes may have potential as a therapeutic strategy for BCa diagnosis and treatment.

The genus Alternaria comprises many important fungal pathogens that infect a wide variety of organisms. In this report, we present the discovery of a new double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus called Alternaria botybirnavirus 2 (ABRV2) from a phytopathogenic strain, XC21-21C, of Alternaria sp. isolated from diseased tobacco leaves in China. The ABRV2 genome consists of two dsRNA components, namely dsRNA1 and dsRNA2, with lengths of 6,162 and 5,865 base pairs (bp), respectively. Each of these genomic dsRNAs is monocistronic, encoding hypothetical proteins of 201.6 kDa (P1) and 2193.3 kDa (P2). ABRV2 P1 and P2 share 50.54% and 63.13% amino acid sequence identity with the corresponding proteins encoded by dsRNA1 of Alternaria botybirnavirus 1 (ABRV1). Analysis of its genome organization and phylogenetic analysis revealed that ABRV2 is a new member of the genus Botybirnavirus.

Porous graphene-encapsulated FeNiSe4 binary-metal selenide nanorods (FeNiSe4@PG) were prepared by filtration, annealing, and selenylation techniques. The morphology and structure of FeNiSe4@PG were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The interfacial interaction of FeNiSe4 and graphene was characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. FeNiSe4@PG exhibited excellent electrochemical performance when used as an anode for lithium-ion batteries. The first reversible capacity of FeNiSe4@PG at 100 mA g(-1) was 861.0 mA h g(-1) and increased to 1121.6 mA h g(-1) after 50 cycles. Even at 1, 2, and 5 A g(-1), the specific capacities could still maintain 610.3, 314.1, and 144.4 mA h g(-1), even after 500 cycles, respectively. The excellent electrochemical performance of FeNiSe4@PG should be attributed to its special structure. First, the excellent electrical conductivity of graphene improved the overall electrical property of the electrode material. Second, the porous structure of graphene facilitated the infiltration of the electrolyte into the film electrode. Moreover, the synergistic effect of iron and nickel in FeNiSe4@PG and the strong interfacial interaction between graphene and FeNiSe4 contributed to the rapid diffusion of lithium ions and the transport of electrons.

Fe-doped NiSe2@porous graphene is prepared via filtration, annealing, and selenylation. The interfacial interaction between graphene and NiSe2 is enhanced by Fe doping and facilitates the transfer of lithium ions and electrons.

花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病在我国各花生产区发生严重,其病原菌的组成和优势种群尚不明确.本研究于 2020 年从河南省 6 个市的花生种植区采集病株样品,共分离得到 151 个菌株,其中花生根腐病菌 41 株、茎腐病菌 71 株、果腐病菌 39 株.真菌形态鉴定和利用 rDNA-ITS和 EF-1α序列进行分子鉴定的结果表明,这些菌株均为镰孢菌,分别属于木贼镰孢菌(Fusarium equiseti)、变红镰孢菌(F.incarnatum)、尖孢镰孢菌(F.oxysporum)、层出镰孢菌(F.proliferatum)和茄病镰孢菌(F.solani);从花生根腐和茎腐病样品中都可以检出这 5 种镰孢菌,果腐病样品中未能检出层出镰孢菌.尖孢镰孢菌在供试的花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病样品中检出率最高,分别为 39.02％、30.99％和 56.41％.根据柯赫氏法则验证了这 5 种镰孢菌均对花生具有致病性.本研究明确了河南省花生根腐、茎腐和果腐病的致病镰孢菌组成和优势种群,为病害防控奠定了基础.

A vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction was proposed based on hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent and high performance liquid chromatography for the quantitative study of five small molecular compounds (tangshenoside I, lobetyolinin, lobetyolin, lobetyol, atractylenolide III) and quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix. In this experiment, the primary factors impacting the extraction competence process were optimized. Under optimal conditions that were DES (methyltrioctylammonium chloride: glycerol, molar ratio 1:4, 70 mu L), pH = 7, vortex time of 90 s, centrifugal time of 2 min, enrichment factors of 6.0, 6.2, 18.9, 58.7, 63.2 for tangshenoside I, lobetyolinin, lobetyolin, lobetyol, atractylenolide III were obtained. The detection limits of the above five components were respectively 9, 6, 2, 0.1, 0.6 mu g/L and five analytes had excellent linearities in individual linear ranges (R-2 > 0.990). Good precision and recovery were 0.5%-8.8% and 92.3%-111.5%. The quantitative results revealed that the proposed approach is quick, simple, feasible, and could accurately detect the contents of five target analytes in 18 batches samples. Finally, five components could be chemical markers to objectively distinguish different specifications of Codonopsis Radix by analysis of variance, further contributing a foundation for quality evaluation and control of Codonopsis Radix.

FeSe2 nanorod@porous graphene films (FeSe2@PG) were prepared by simple vacuum filtration, annealing, and subsequent selenylation. These FeSe2 nanorods were formed via confined oriented growth of FeSe2 nanoparticles. The morphology of FeSe2@PG was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The interfacial interaction between FeSe2 and graphene was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. When used as an anode in lithium-ion batteries, the FeSe2@PG electrode exhibited an initial reversible capacity of 858 mA h g(-1), which was increased to 1053 mA h g(-1) after 50 cycles at 100 mA g(-1). At high rates of 1, 2, 5, and 10 A g(-1), the electrode maintained specific capacities of 483, 313, 265, and 178 mA h g(-1), respectively, even after 1000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the FeSe2@PG electrode is attributed to the special structure of FeSe2@PG and the strong covalent bonds between graphene and FeSe2. Moreover, graphene can not only act as a substrate for the growth of FeSe2 nanorods, but also improve the conductivity of FeSe2. Furthermore, the porous structure of graphene can reduce the diffusion path of lithium ions and improve the penetration of the electrolyte into the graphene layer. In addition, a new covalent bond of C-Se-Fe was formed between graphene and FeSe2, which was beneficial for maintaining its structural stability.

A facile strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of graphene and SnO2 hybrid (SnO2/GNSs) as anode for lithium-ion batteries through adding and removing of Al2O3 from the composite was introduced. Benefiting from the vacancy formed during the soaking in sodium hydroxide solution, the volume expansion of SnO2 was remitted. Meanwhile, the agglomeration of SnO2 was effectively alleviated. Therefore, a much better cyclic performance was achieved as compared to pristine composite. The modified composite (M-SnO2/GNSs) exhibited reversible capacities of 611 mAh g−1 for the first charge and 436 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at 50 mA g−1, respectively. The high capacity and good retention can be attributed to the synergistic effect between SnO2 and GNSs, including excellent conductivity of graphene and the vacancy formed after removing Al2O3, which could buffer the volume changes of SnO2 during cycling. This modification approach presented a promising route to design better anodes for high-performance Li-ion batteries.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an important class of crystalline porous materials with extensive chemical and structural merits. However, the fabrication of MOF thin films oriented along all crystallographic axes to achieve well-aligned nanopores and nanochannels with uniform apertures remains a challenge. Here, we achieved highly crystalline single-domain MOF thin films with the [111] out-of-plane orientation by electrochemical conversion of cuprous oxide. Copper(II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, Cu3(BTC)2 (referred to as Cu-BTC), is a well-known metal-organic open framework material with a cubic crystal system. Epitaxial Cu-BTC(111) thin films were manufactured by electrochemical oxidation of Cu2O(111) films electrodeposited on single-crystal Au(111). The Cu-BTC(111) shows an in-plane antiparallel relationship with the precursor Cu2O(111) with a -0.91% coincidence site lattice mismatch. A plausible mechanism was proposed for the electrochemical conversion of Cu2O into Cu-BTC, indicating formation of intermediate CuO, growth of Cu-BTC islands, and termination with coalesce into a dense film with a limiting thickness of about 740 nm. The Faradaic efficiency for the electrochemical conversion was 63%. In addition, epitaxial Cu-BTC(111) foils were fabricated by epitaxial lift-off following the electrochemical etching of residual Cu2O underneath the Cu-BTC. It was also demonstrated that Cu-BTC(111) films with two in-plane domains and textured Cu-BTC(111) films can be achieved on a large scale using electrodeposited Au/Si and Au-coated glass as low-cost substrates.

Lung cancer has the highest tumor incidence in China. Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the most common type, accounting for 40–51% of primary lung cancers. LUSC is slow in growth and late in metastasis. Immune-related genes (IRGs) and immune infiltrating cells play a vital role in the clinical outcomes of LUSC. It is important to systematically study its immune gene map to help the prognosis of cancer patients. In this study, we combined the prognostic landscape and expression status of IRGs downloaded from the TCGA and InnatedDB databases and systematically analyzed the prognostic information of LUSC patients to obtain IRGs. After systematically exploring the survival analysis, prognosis-related genes were found, and the PPI network revealed that a total of 11 genes were hub genes. A two-gene prognosis risk model was established by multivariate Cox analysis. Two IRGs were closely correlated with the prognosis of LUSC. Based on these two genes, a new independent prognostic risk model was established, and this model was further verified in the GEO database. Moreover, the risk score of the model was correlated with sex, survival status, and lymphatic metastasis in LUSC patients, and the predictive risk of the prognostic risk model was significantly positively correlated with five kinds of immune cells (CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells). This study comprehensively analyzed immunogenomics and presented immune-related prognostic biomarkers for LUSC.

Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is the most common type of lung cancer accounting for 40% to 51%. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a significant role in the invasion, migration, and proliferation of lung cancer tissue cells. However, systematic identification of lncRNA signatures and evaluation of the prognostic value for LUSC are still an urgent problem. In this work, LUSC RNA-seq data were collected from TCGA database, and the limma R package was used to screen differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs). In total, 216 DElncRNAs were identified between the LUSC and normal samples. lncRNAs associated with prognosis were calculated using univariate Cox regression analysis. The overall survival (OS) prognostic model containing 10 lncRNAs and the disease-free survival (DFS) prognostic model consisting of 11 lncRNAs were constructed using a machine learning-based algorithm, systematic LASSO-Cox regression analysis. We found that the survival rate of samples in the high-risk group was lower than that in the low-risk group. Results of ROC curves showed that both the OS and DFS risk score had better prognostic effects than the clinical characteristics, including age, stage, gender, and TNM. Two lncRNAs (LINC00519 and FAM83A-AS1) that were commonly identified as prognostic factors in both models could be further investigated for their clinical significance and therapeutic value. In conclusion, we constructed lncRNA prognostic models with considerable prognostic effect for both OS and DFS of LUSC.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin widely detected in cereal products contaminated by Fusarium. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus infecting Fusarium pseudograminearum. In this study, it was revealed that the amount of DON in F. pseudograminearum was significantly suppressed by FpgMBV1 through a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay. A total of 2564 differentially expressed genes were identified by comparative transcriptomic analysis between the FpgMBV1-containing F. pseudograminearum strain FC136-2A and the virus-free strain FC136-2A-V-. Among them, 1585 genes were up-regulated and 979 genes were down-regulated. Particularly, the expression of 12 genes (FpTRI1, FpTRI3, FpTRI4, FpTRI5, FpTRI6, FpTRI8, FpTRI10, FpTRI11, FpTRI12, FpTRI14, FpTRI15, and FpTRI101) in the trichothecene biosynthetic (TRI) gene cluster was significantly down-regulated. Specific metabolic and transport processes and pathways including amino acid and lipid metabolism, ergosterol metabolic and biosynthetic processes, carbohydrate metabolism, and biosynthesis were regulated. These results suggest an unrevealing mechanism underlying the repression of DON and TRI gene expression by the mycovirus FpgMBV1, which would provide new methods in the detoxification of DON and reducing the yield loss in wheat.