土壤重金属生态毒理学研究已成为当今生态与环境科学研究的热点.土壤弹尾目跳虫作为土壤模式生物,在土壤生态毒理学和生态环境评估研究中已被广泛应用.研究通过跳虫(F c andida)的标准土壤实验,利用电子显微镜技术,初步观察到暴露于土壤中高Cu浓度(1000,3000 μg g-1)下的跳虫细胞微绒毛变形、部分线粒体扩大变形并出现囊泡化现象,这可能会导致细胞组织新陈代谢功能减弱进而影响跳虫的生理行为;同时,在高Cu暴露浓度下跳虫细胞内A型颗粒物大量存在,且其环边逐渐减少、变得模糊,这说明Cu的存在可能使A型颗粒物的结构和成分发生变化并变为储存Cu的重要细胞器.

根据高校环境类专业课程"大气污染控制工程"的特点及社会需求现状,通过前置课程设置优化、课堂教学内容改革、教师教学水平的提高、教学方式的改革、课程考核的改革等方面,对该课程教学改革进行了一系列的探索和实践,取得了良好效果.

土壤重金属污染治理是一个全球性的难题,自20世纪80年代以来,土壤重金属风险评价理论体系已经日趋成熟.我国土壤环境质量问题日趋严峻,探索和研究现阶段国内外土壤重金属污染风险评价研究的趋势和特征,总结近年来我国土壤重金属污染风险评价的发展存在的问题,为制定适合我国土壤环境质量标准和建立完善的评价体系提供一定的依据.

为了解株洲市各城区农田土壤重金属的污染及其对人体的危害程度,利用潜在生态危害指数法和健康风险评价模型对株洲市各城区土壤中Cd、Pb、As等重金属的含量进行风险评价.结果表明,除了Cr、Hg外,各城区的重金属都高于株洲市农田土壤背景值和国家自然背景值,其中石峰区Cd高出背景值633％.潜在生态风险研究表明,只有Hg和Cd单因子潜在生态危害指数(Ei)大于30,表明该元素对土壤存在潜在生态危害.从综合潜在生态风险危害指数RI看,石峰区(RI＞ 265)土壤重金属潜在生态危害严重.健康风险评价表明,仅有石峰区Zn的单个污染物非致癌风险HQ和总非致癌风险HI都大于1,暗示其可能对儿童有较明显的非致癌健康影响;且石峰区总致癌风险Risk总高达1.05 × 10-a,致癌风险比较高,其他3个区的重金属对株洲市儿童的非致癌和致癌风险不明显.综合评价结果表明,石峰区的农田土壤环境质量不容乐观.

In view of serious damage on ecological environment and huge resources waste,the recovery and utilization of urban waste may produce tremendous benefits to economy and society.Its resource recovery and utilization should consider the following methods,such as: following international general principles of reducing quantification,reutilization,recycling and harmless;putting emphasis on source treatment and classification recycling;establishing rubbish charging system;carrying out operation industrialization as well as making harmless treatment criteria.

重金属污染物在生物体内的累积、迁移和传递已成为当今的研究热点。土壤弹尾目昆虫作为土壤生态系统的重要组成部分,针对其对重金属的吸收、积累和排泄的动态过程以及相应解毒机制的研究意义重大。本研究通过弹尾目跳虫（Folsomia candida）对Cu的吸收-排泄效率实验发现,跳虫体内Cu含量随暴露时间的延长而显著增加(r~2=0.8878,F 1,5 =29.59,P＜0.01);跳虫体内Cu含量随排泄时间的延长而明显逐渐降低(r~2=0.7836,F 1,3 =7.13,P＜0.01)。跳虫对Cu的吸收-排泄Budget实验表明,只有少量的Cu被跳虫摄取到体内,其中小部分被体内组织消化吸收,大部分则可能通过中肠细胞的褪皮作用和产卵等方式排出体外。可见,褪皮和排卵是跳虫排泄重金属Cu的重要途径,跳虫对Cu具有较低的吸收率（8.13%）和较高的排泄率（57.3%）,表明跳虫对Cu可能有较高的耐受性。

As an important city among Chang-Zhu-Tan city group,Zhuzhou is facing harsh reality that industrial structure needs to optimize and escalate,and economic development needs to have low-carbon transition.Based on two-oriented society background,it briefly reviews developing practices of low-carbon city,puts forwards the trinity build path of Zhuzhou and main creating contents includes low-carbon industry,low-carbon transport,low-carbon building and other contents.And finally it also presents five creating countermeasures which aims to give a reference for Zhuzhou successfully establishing a low-carbon city and making relevant strategy and planning.

Packaging castoff have put serious harm on ecological environment and wasted plenty of resources,so their recovery utilization may produce tremendous economic returns and social benefits.Low-carbon technologies in packaging castoff disposal have the characters of reduction,low-pollution and recyclability etc.,and different packaging castoff has different carbon reduction technologies.For the purpose of promoting the low-carbon development of packing industry in China,should advance the recovery and utilization of packaging castoff,set up scientific and reasonable recovery system and enhance the application and technical innovation of low-carbon technology.

<正>随着土壤环境重金属污染的加剧,有关重金属污染土壤的风险评估受到关注。对土壤质量评价的方法长期以来集中在检测重金属污染物质在土壤中的浓度及化学形态等方面,而对于重金属、土壤和生物之间的相互作用很少考虑,因而难以全面评估重金属对土壤环境的生态毒性效应。重金属污染土壤的

发展低碳经济是世界经济发展的大势所趋,而城市是应对气候变化和发展低碳经济的重要载体。低碳技术发展和创新是低碳经济发展的决定因子,也是城市低碳发展的关键。当前对低碳技术认识还处于初步阶段,特别是对城市低碳技术缺乏了解。在现有研究成果基础上,界定我国城市低碳技术概念,研究其主要类型及应用概况。

Folsomia candida is commonly used in the bioassays as a representative collembolan species because of its large proportion of biomass in edaphic ecosystems and important index creature in soil environment.This research results showed that no mortality in F.candida was found in food exposure test,and significant effects of Cu on the growth and reproduction of F.candida were observed in food exposure(Growth 21 days R2 = 0.930 2,F1,7 = 25.2,p0.01;Reproduction: R2 = 0.945 9,F1,7 =17.2,p0.01),and dose-effect relation models of population characteristics of F.candida against Cu in soil and food exposure were established,thus the parameters such as reproduction and growth rates were more sensitive to Cu in food exposure test than mortality.The longer exposure time was,the more significantly the growth rates reduced at high Cu exposure concentrations compared to the control during continuously monitoring(p0.01),and the appearance of eggs delayed at the highest exposure concentrations(F1,7 = 3.69,p0.05),suggesting that exposure time and Cu exposure concentration also had negative effect on F.candida.F.candida can accumulate Cu in high concentration when exposed to high Cu concentrations,and significant toxic effects of Cu in F.candida on the reproduction of F.candida were observed(R2 = 0.810 9,p0.01),indicating F.candida had a high resistance to Cu,which might be reason of the significant reduction of growth and reproduction and the delay of oviposition.

On the basis of apatite fission track (AFT) analyses, this article aims to provide a quantitative overview of Cenozoic morphotectonic evolution and sediment supply to the northern margin of the South China Sea (SCS). Seventeen granite samples were collected from the coast to the inland of the South China block. Plots of AFT age against sample location with respect to the coastline show a general trend of youngling age away from the coast, which implies more prolonged erosion and sediment contribution at the inland of the South China Sea during post break-up evolution. Two-stage fast erosion process, Early Tertiary and Middle Miocene, is deduced from simulated cooling histories. The first fast cooling and denudation during Early Tertiary are recorded by the samples along the coast (between 70 and 60 Ma) and the inland (between 50 and 30 Ma), respectively. This suggests initial local erosion and deposition in the northern margin of the SCS during Early Tertiary. Fast erosion along the coast ceased since ca. 50 Ma, while it had lasted until ca. 30 Ma inland, indicating that the erosion was transferred from the local coastal zone initially toward the continental interior with unified subsidence of the northern margin, which resulted in the formation of a south-dipping topography of the continental margin. The thermal stasis in the South China block since ca. 30 Ma must define the time at which the northern margin became dynamically disconnected from the active rifting and stretching that was taking place to the south. The lower erosion rate is inconsistent with higher sedimentary rate in the Pearl River Mouth basin during Late Oligocene (ca. 25 Ma). This indicates that the increased sedimentation in the basin is not due to the erosion of the granite belt of the South China block, but perhaps points to the westward propagation of the paleo-Pearl River drainage related to the uplift of the eastern margin of Tibet plateau and southward jumping of spreading axis of the South China Sea. The second erosion acceleration rate of the Middle Miocene (ca. 14 Ma) cooling could have been linked to the long-distance effect of uplift of the Tibet plateau or due to the enhanced East Asian monsoon.

Four heavy metal pollution(Cd,Hg,As and Pb) in the soils and soil environmental quality were evaluated with the environmental background values of the soils of Baima country, Zhuzhou and Grade H Criterion of GB 15618-1995 as benchmarks.Phenomena were found that evaluation results on basis of two criterion data and verification results by Index of Geoaccumulation were not coincident absolutely, indicating that evaluation by using individual background values or Criterion of GB 15618-1995 would lead to some confused and fault conclusions, so the diversified evaluated methods could used.

This paper presents major and trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopic data of Mesozoic volcanic rocks from the Hongqiang area, Xiahe County, Gansu Province. These volcanic rocks belong to calc-alkaline and high-k calc-alkaline basalts, with low SiO2 (45.32%~46.83%), high MgO (7.68%~9.48%), and Cr(228~441μg/g), Ni(140~217μg/g). All samples exhibit LREE-enriched right-declined REE patterns with weak Eu anomaly (La/Yb)CN=9.9~22.9,(Gd/Yb)CN=2.6~3.0, Eu/Eu=1.04~1.08). On a primitive mantle-normalized diagram, they show no depletion in Ba, Nb-Ta, Th-U and relative depletion in Rb, K with positive Sr anomaly. The Hongqiang basalts have unradiogenic Sr (87Sr/86Sr(t)=0.702766~0.702920) and highly radiogenic Nd (eNd(t) =8.42~10.15,t=110Ma) compositions,analogous to Hawaiin OIB escaping significant crustal contamination. Combined major, trace element and Sr-Nd isotope data indicate that these basalts were derived from lower degree partial melting of asthenosphere mantle in response to lithospheric extension/thinning related to the post-collisional lithospheric evolution in the Qinling-Dabie Orogen.

Late Mesozoic basalts in western Qinling have similar major and trace elemental geochemistry to OIB,indicating an origin of partial melting of asthenosphere.The partil melting of asthenosphere may be the result of lithospheric delamination and extension.