Hydrate-based gas separation (HBGS) has promising applications in biogas upgrading and carbon dioxide sequestration. The high gas separation selectivity is crucial to its large-scale industrial application. This work systematically investigated the effects of initial tetra-n-butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) concentration (10-18 wt%), operating temperature (275.15-283.15 K), pressure (1.0-2.5 MPa), and initial feed gas composition (50.0-73.0 mol% methane) on CH4/CO2 separation performance from model biogas. The methane content in the residual gas was enriched from 50.0 mol% to 60.1 mol%. A novel thermodynamic-mass transfer double-control model for HBGS was established, accounting for the differences in dissolution behavior between methane and carbon dioxide. The large solubility difference between CO2 and CH4 causes the system to deviate from the thermodynamic equilibrium models. The chemical potential difference is introduced to quantitatively describe the thermodynamic effect on HBGS, distinguishing the double-control from kinetic-control processes. A critical chemical potential difference of 245 f 3 J/mol is proposed. This work is the first to identify the control factors using chemical potential rather than the p-V-T-x relationship. The established model achieves high prediction accuracy for the double-control process, with average relative deviations of 2.3% for gas storage capacity, 0.4% for the methane contents in residual gas, and 1.6% for the methane contents in dissociated gas.

To improve the efficiency of existing Cu-layered double oxide (LDO) catalysts for hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol, graphene oxide (GO)-doped Cu-LDO/xGO catalysts were successfully prepared by coprecipitation method, and the influence of GO doping on the structure and reaction performance of Cu-LDO catalysts was deeply investigated. Characterizations including XRD, SEM, ICP-OES, N-2 physical adsorption-desorption, TEM, N2O chemisorption, H2-TPR, and H-2/CO2-TPD reveal that optimal GO loading (2 wt%) promoted the formation of highly dispersed Cu particles and abundant Cu & horbar;MgO interfaces, enhancing H2 adsorption/dissociation and CO2 activation. The Cu-LDO/2.0GO catalyst achieved a CO2 conversion of 22.4%, CH3OH selectivity of 94.5%, and methanol space-time yield (STY) of 652.1 gkgcat(-1)h(-1) at 240 degrees C and 2.5 MPa-outperforming the GO-free Cu-LDO/0GO catalyst, and long-term stability tests show that the incorporation of GO mitigated Cu sintering, maintaining catalytic activity over 200 h. The results of structure-activity relationship analysis show that the main reason 2 wt% GO doping significantly improved the activity and stability of the catalyst lies in the synergistic effect: GO improved Cu sites dispersion boosting H2 activation and Cu & horbar;MgO interface formation. Meanwhile, GO can also act as a conductive bridge for H spillover, enabling hydrogenation of formate and other intermediates adsorbed on Cu-MgO interfaces that are not in direct contact with conventional Cu surfaces, potentially involving isolated Cu species. The study establishes that rational GO incorporation optimizes active site utilization, providing a strategy for designing efficient catalysts for CO(2 )conversion.

Direct synthesis of aluminosilicate zeolites with good acidity via fluoride route remains challenging, since such systems generally favor high-silica frameworks and often restrict the incorporation of framework Al. To address this issue, a sustainable strategy for synthesizing aluminosilicate zeolites using hexafluorophosphate ([PF6]–)-based ionic liquids as both organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) and fluorine source (the mineralizing agent) was proposed. This approach enables the fabrication of MFI-, TON-, or ANA-type zeolites under solvent-free and vapor-assisted conditions. Mechanistic investigations using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and two-dimensional (2D) correlation techniques reveal that [PF6]– anions undergo in situ decomposition to release F– in a slow and controlled manner during crystallization. This controlled fluoride-release behavior regulates fluoride availability in the synthesis medium, which facilitated the incorporation of both silicon and aluminum into the framework, affording ZSM-5 zeolites with lower Si/Al ratios than those obtained using conventional fluoride source as the mineralizing agent. Simultaneously, phosphorus species generated from [PF6]– were uniformly dispersed within the ZSM-5 zeolite during synthesis. These in situ-formed phosphorus species interact with framework aluminum to create stabilizing P-O-Al linkages upon calcination, thereby reducing dealumination and enhancing zeolite acidity. ZSM-5 with retained phosphorus species exhibited superior catalytic performance in n-hexane cracking, achieving high conversion and light olefins yield. This strategy based on multi-functional ionic liquids offers a green and tunable route to tailor zeolite framework and acid sites for catalytic applications.­­

The synergistic optimization of carrier concentration (n) and mobility (& micro;) is crucial for polymer thermoelectric materials to overcome the trade-off between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Although donor-acceptor (D-A)-type random copolymerization allows precise modulation of n and & micro;, it often introduces inherent structural disorder that limits carrier transport. Herein, we designed copolymers (PDPPg(x)-Se) with a regular D-A-type backbone and randomly distributed alkyl/oligoethylene glycol (OEG) side chains. The doping level is tuned by OEG ratio, while preserving structural order from regular backbone sequence. Importantly, hydrogen bonding between OEG oxygen and thiophene hydrogen enhanced backbone planarity and promoted carrier delocalization. With moderate doping and a high Hall mobility (>2.0 cm(2) V-1 s(-1)), PDPPg(0.3)-Se achieves a power factor of 360 mu W m(-1) K-2 and aZTof 0.46. This work demonstrates that copolymers with regular backbones and random polar side chains represent a promising design strategy for high-performance thermoelectric polymers.

To improve the selectivity in the hydrocracking of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), this study innovatively introduced Fe as a modified metal, aiming to weaken the interaction between the Co-Mo active metal and the gamma-Al2O3 support. A series of Fe-modified Co-Mo/gamma-Al2O3 catalysts with different Fe content were prepared by impregnation method. Techniques such as XRD, N2 physical adsorption-desorption, NH3-TPD, Py-IR, H2-TPR, HRTEM and XPS were used for characterization, and the catalytic performance of the catalysts were analyzed on a fixed-bed reactor. The pre-impregnation of Fe did not significantly alter the catalyst's crystal structure or pore architecture. However, it reduced the support surface acidity and weakened the metal-support interaction. This weakening facilitated an increase in the population of highly active octahedrally coordinated Mo species and promoted the transformation of active phase slabs with smaller size and higher stacking numbers. The structure of this active phase enhances the dispersion and sulfidation degree of the active metal components, increasing the hydrogenation activity and selectivity of the catalyst. The catalyst modified with 1.0 wt% Fe via pre-impregnation achieved a high phenanthrene (PHE) conversion under the conditions of 330 degrees C, 4 MPa, 600 hydrogen-oil ratio, and 10 h-1 LHSV. The conversion rate of PHE is 81.75 %, the 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (DHP) selectivity is 23.15 %, and the yield is 18.93 %. Pre-impregnated Fe modified catalysts can more effectively weaken the interaction between the support and the active metal, and are more conducive to the formation of more highly active hexa-coordinated Mo species.

The inherent diffusion constraints imposed by narrow micropores and elongated channels in Y zeolites severely limit jet fuel selectivity during Fischer-Tropsch wax hydrocracking. Advanced supports were synthesized via seed-directed crystallization (nano-Y-0P zeolite) and PDDA (polydiallydimethyl ammonium chloride)-mediated assembly (hierarchical nano-Y-xP zeolites, x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9). This dual-strategy synergistically addresses diffusion constraints in conventional Y-zeolite by optimizing nano structure of active sites and improving interfacial mass transfer (i.e., nano-crystal size and hierarchical porosity). Intelligent Gravimetric Analysis (IGA) directly validates hierarchical porosity and nanocrystalline advantages. Y-0.6P zeolite with optimal mesoporosity (0.75 cm3/g vs. 0.25 cm3/g in conventional Y-zeolite) and minimal crystallite size (131 nm vs. 1258 nm in conventional Y-zeolite) achieves intrinsic diffusion enhancement-the 5.36-fold higher diffusion rate than conventional S-Y zeolite. Zeolite crystallite size and hierarchical porosity critically govern metal-acid functionality balance by modulating acid site density (589.7 mu mol/g vs. 812.4 mu mol/g in conventional Y zeolite) and optimizing metal dispersion (40.5 %, vs. 18.26 % in conventional Y-zeolite). Pt/(Y-0.6P+ASA) catalyst achieves peak performance with 35.04 % C9-C17 yield and 47.35 % selectivity in n-docosane hydrocracking. Notably, Fischer-Tropsch wax hydrocracking yields 26.83 % jet fuel (49.88 % selectivity) with ideal bell-shaped distribution. This work demonstrates Y-0.6P-supported catalyst has industrial potential for aviation fuel production from Fischer-Tropsch wax upgrading.

The catalytic performance of pure silica silicalite-1 (S-1) molecular sieves is closely related to the silanol nests in their frameworks. However, existing synthesis methods make it difficult to achieve precise in situ control of these active sites. To address this, this study designed five structure-directing agent (SDA) systems and systematically revealed the regulation mechanism of different SDAs on the formation of silanol nests through a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental characterization. Additionally, two green synthetic pathways were developed. Theoretical calculations show that n-butylamine (NBA), ethanol, and Na+ facilitate silanol nests formation. The interaction energy between NBA and a silanol nests framework (−130 kcal·mol−1) is 92.3 kcal·mol−1 lower than that with a non-silanol nests framework (−37.7 kcal·mol−1), a discrepancy significantly greater than that observed for traditional tetrapropylammonium ions (TPA+) (2.4 kcal·mol−1). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H and 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR) characterization revealed that the catalyst with abundant silanol nests exhibited significantly higher ε-caprolactam (CPL) selectivity (>90%) compared to traditional S-1 molecular sieves (∼60%) in the vapor-phase Beckmann rearrangement reaction of cyclohexanone oxime (CHO) to CPL. E-S-1, synthesized by ethanol-directed synthesis, achieved complete conversion (100%) of CHO and 90% CPL selectivity due to its moderate acidity and unique interstitial mesoporous structure. In the NBA/ethanol system (NE-S-1), low-cost NBA could completely replace TPA+, and the resulting catalyst exhibited a rich silanol nests structure and a CHO conversion rate of 100%.

A carbon-modified Al2O3 strategy was developed to enhance selective pyridine hydrogenation. This approach simultaneously modulates electronic effects and geometric confinement at the Ni/ Al2O3 interface, optimizing both the electronic configuration and spatial distribution of Ni sites. Optimal carbon loading precisely modulates Al2O3 surface acidic sites, significantly improving Ni dispersion. Carbon particles facilitate electron transfer, regulating Ni atom charge density, while concurrently anchoring nickel nanoparticles at carbon defect sites, optimizing their spatial distribution. Under continuous-flow conditions (180 degrees C, 4 MPa, H2/oil 500:1, LHSV 3 h-1), the Ni/15 % C-Al2O3 catalyst achieved 95.9 % pyridine conversion and 97.4 % piperidine selectivity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal carbon modification optimizes the charge state of Ni sites via induced electron transfer. This decreases pyridine adsorption energy from-3.30 eV to-4.00 eV, attributed to enhanced bonding between charge-enriched Ni atoms and pyridine's pi bonds, improving activation. Conversely, piperidine adsorption energy increases from-3.22 eV to-2.18 eV, indicating a lower desorption barrier and enhanced selectivity. Ni particle size significantly affects pyridine adsorption: smaller particles yield lower adsorption energies, benefiting reactant activation due to higher dispersion and more active sites. Piperidine adsorption is less size-sensitive. Carbon modification thus improves both electronic and structural properties, collectively boosting activity and selectivity.

Series g-C3N4/Cu/B-TiO2(x) composites with different mass ratio of g-C3N4 to Cu/B-TiO2 were prepared and tested for photocatalytic reduction of CO2. The structure-function relationship of the photocatalysts was investigated through various characterization methods and photocatalytic experiments. The results show that g-C3N4 can be uniformly distributed on the surface of Cu/B-TiO2 and formed a stable heterojunction structure, which effectively reduced the band gap width of the catalyst, thus significantly improving the visible light absorption capacity of the catalyst. The modulation of the composite material properties can be realized by regulating the composite ratio of g-C3N4 and Cu/B-TiO2. The rate and selectivity of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to produce CO reached the maximum when the mass ratio of g-C3N4 to Cu/B-TiO2 was 3:7, and the rate of CO production was as high as 32.65 mu mol center dot g-1 center dot h-1, which was about 12.87 percentage points higher than that of Cu/B-TiO2.

Aiming at the problems of insufficient activity and selectivity of Cu-based catalysts in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol, Al2O3, ZrO2 and CeO2 modified Cu-ZnO catalysts by the co-precipitation method were prepared, and the influence mechanism of additives on the structure-performance relationship of the catalysts was systematically explored. Through a variety of characterization methods such as XRD, N2 physical adsorption-desorption, TEM, H2-TPR, CO2-TPD and XPS, combined with catalytic performance evaluation experiments, the correlation between the microstructure of catalysts and the reaction performance of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol was analyzed in depth. The results show that metal additives significantly improve the performance of catalysts. After the introduction of additives, the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalysts increase, the grain size of Cu decreases, and its dispersion improves. The Ce-modified CZC catalyst exhibited the best performance, with the grain size of CuO as small as 11.41 nm, and the surface oxygen vacancy concentration (OII/OI = 3.15) was significantly higher than that of other samples. The reaction performance test shows that under the conditions of 2.8 MPa, 8000 h−1 and 280 °C, the CO2 conversion of the CZC catalyst reached 18.83%, the methanol selectivity was 68.40%, and the methanol yield was 12.88%, all of which are superior to other catalysts. Its excellent performance can be attributed to the fact that CeO2 enhances the metal-support interaction, increases the surface basicity, promotes the adsorption and activation of CO2, and simultaneously inhibits the reverse water-gas shift side reaction. This study clarifies the structure-activity regulation mechanism of additive modification on Cu-ZnO catalysts, providing a theoretical basis and technical reference for the development of efficient catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol.

The valorization of nitrogen-rich low-grade natural gas (N2-lgNG) presents a dual challenge of mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and securing strategic helium resources. This study demonstrates the technical feasibility and optimization of a two-stage hydrate-based gas separation (HBGS) process for the simultaneous capture of light hydrocarbons (methane and ethane) and enrichment of low-abundance helium (0.52 mol %) as a crucial industrial pretreatment step. A systematic methodology integrating response surface methodology (RSM) and multiobjective optimization was employed. RSM was used to develop accurate proxy models that quantify the effects of the gas-liquid ratio (GLR), temperature (T), and pressure (P) on three key separation performance metrics: light hydrocarbon capture rate (CRLH), helium concentration in the residual gas (cHeres), and helium recovery rate (RRHe). The analysis identified temperature as the most sensitive parameter for separation performance. The nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) was applied to proxy models to generate a Pareto-optimal frontier of solutions. The entropy-weighted technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was then utilized to impartially select the single best-compromise operating condition: GLR of 90 N m3/m3, T of 279.15 K, and P of 5.00 MPa. Experimental validation under the optimal conditions achieved a CRLH of 91.05%, a 6.3-fold increase in cHeres (reaching 3.27 mol %), and an RRHe of 78.25%. This work not only proves the efficacy of the two-stage HBGS process for integrated resource recovery from challenging gas streams but also establishes a model-driven optimization framework for the design of HBGS technology.

As a finite strategic resource, helium is extracted from natural gas (NG). The concentration of helium in NG is very low, which makes helium hard to separate. The hydrate-based gas separation (HBGS) was proposed as a promising method for the separation of the NG with low helium content in this work. This work systematically investigated the HBGS of helium from simulated NG. The thermodynamic analysis reveals that the existence of 5.00 mol% tetrahydrofuran (THF) in the liquid phase decreased the gas-liquid-hydrate equilibrium pressure by 92.11%, compared to the deionized water system. The single-stage HBGS experimental results show that high THF concentration, low temperature, and high pressure benefited the gas processing capacity and helium purification, but they led to a low helium recovery rate. The best HBGS performance was limited by the "hydrate shell effect". The decrease in gas-liquid ratio led to an increase in helium concentration without losing the gas processing capacity, but it caused a decrease in the helium recovery rate. Through three-stage HBGS optimization, the helium concentration was increased from 0.54 mol% to 13.54 mol% (a 25.07-fold enrichment), and a total helium recovery of 87.34% was achieved. The mathematical model proposed in this work accurately predicts the performance of HGBS with 2.09% average relative error compared to the experimental data.

TiNb2O7 (TNO) is a promising high-rate anode material for lithium-ion batteries owing to its high operating potential and multiple redox couples; however, its practical performance is still limited by intrinsically low electronic conductivity and sluggish Li+ diffusion kinetics. Herein, a KOH sub-molten salt route is employed to achieve homogeneous doping modification of TNO under relatively mild conditions while preserving the shear-type framework. To narrow the dopant space in a synthesis-oriented manner, a restricted DFT-assisted screening of representative amphoteric dopants compatible with the sub-molten salt chemistry was carried out, from which V, Mo, and W were identified as the most promising candidates. Combined with preliminary electrochemical evaluation, V-doped TNO was selected for systematic experimental and theoretical investigation. Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that V doping significantly enhances the rate capability and cycling stability of TNO while maintaining the structural integrity of the shear framework. The V-TNO electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 167.9 mAh g-1 after 300 cycles at 5 C, corresponding to a capacity retention of 80.1%. Even at 30 C, it retains 86.7 mAh g-1, which is much higher than that of pristine TNO (45.4 mAh g-1). The full cell employing V-TNO as an anode and commercial LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM) as a cathode exhibits superior electrochemical performance with promising application prospects. Further DFT analysis reveals that V preferentially substitutes Ti sites, induces band-gap narrowing through V-3d states near the conduction-band edge, and lowers the Li+ migration barrier. These effects jointly improve electronic transport and Li+ diffusion kinetics. This work demonstrates a sub-molten-salt-compatible dopant-screening and modification strategy for TiNb2O7, providing a useful route for designing high-rate shear-structured oxide anodes.

To address the key challenge of achieving both high conversion and high selectivity in the selective hydrogenation of pyridine, this paper proposes a strategy of precisely modulating the surface acidity and metal–support interaction of an alumina support via cerium (Ce) modification. The study shows that Ce modification effectively suppresses the strong acid sites on the alumina surface, thereby promoting the desorption of the target product, piperidine. Meanwhile, Ce doping induces a flat-lying adsorption configuration of pyridine molecules, which is more favorable for the saturation hydrogenation of the aromatic ring, significantly enhancing the hydrogenation selectivity. Ce species facilitate electron transfer to the nickel active centers, increasing the local electron density around the nickel sites. This reduces the binding energy of nickel, enhances its reducibility, and effectively inhibits the formation of nickel aluminate spinel (NiAl2O4), thereby improving the intrinsic hydrogenation activity of the catalyst. Under the reaction condition of 200 °C, the Ni/Al–Ce (10) catalyst achieves a pyridine conversion of 99.5% and a piperidine selectivity of 97.4%.

Existing bimodal sensors rely on complex multimaterial integration and system topologies, hindering healthcare diagnostics. This work presents a sensor using single-material PVDF-HFP ionogel with a sandwich structure, enabling simultaneous, accurate temperature, and pressure monitoring. Decoupled sensing is achieved via two distinct mechanisms within one material: the ionic thermodiffusion (Soret) effect for temperature and interfacial electrical double-layer (EDL) capacitance for pressure. The sensor exhibits high performance: a temperature sensitivity of 4.2 mV K-1 (limit of detection, LOD: 0.05 K) with < 10 s response time, and pressure sensitivity of 1.35 kPa-1 (LOD: 11 Pa) with < 60 ms response time. Optimized processing yields high-reliability ionogels; unencapsulated samples maintained 93% thermopower after three months of air storage. Finally, sensor arrays integrated into a glove successfully distinguished and mapped pressure and temperature stimuli, demonstrating feasibility for wearable electronics.

The semi-clathrate hydrate of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) is a promising phase change material for high-density cold energy storage. However, its disordered adhesion on heat exchange surfaces remains an unresolved challenge. This study explores the coupled impact dynamics and hydrate phase change of TBAB solution droplets on metallic surfaces with varying wettability. A multi-field coupled experimental apparatus was established, utilizing high-speed imaging, infrared thermometry, and a PSO-based Young-Laplace fitting algorithm. The results indicate that the classical model underestimates the maximum spreading factor (βmax) of surface-active TBAB solutions. A corrected model (βmax∝We0.2) was proposed and validated, yielding an R2≥ 0.88. Statistical analysis reveals that hydrate nucleation temperature follows a normal distribution. Hydrophobic surfaces raise the triple-line energy barrier, increasing internal nucleation probability from 21% to 30% (a relative increase of approximately 43%). Although edge nucleation remains dominant, this shift reduces the likelihood of continuous contact-line-anchored crystal growth, providing a feasible route for mitigating hydrate adhesion. Impact-induced flattening maximizes the contact area, shortening the total duration of droplet phase change to 0.17 times that of static droplets. A regime map was constructed using the innovative criterion Ω=We/(1−cosθ), identifying T≤255.15 K and Ω>120 as the threshold for "spreading stage nucleation". These findings provide a quantitative analysis of the impact dynamic and phase change kinetics of TBAB solution droplets.

Selective hydrocracking of Fischer-Tropsch wax to jet-fuel-range hydrocarbons requires efficient C-C bond scission while suppressing secondary over-cracking. However, the factors that control this selectivity remain unclear because acidity, pore structure and metal function are closely intertwined in zeolitic catalysts. Here we combined interpretable machine learning with targeted catalyst synthesis to identify and validate the descriptors controlling hydrocracking selectivity over Y zeolites. The analysis revealed that cracking selectivity was governed not simply by Brønsted acid density, but by Lewis acidity, the LAS/BAS balance and metal-acid coupling, which collectively regulated alkane activation, olefinic-intermediate transformation and secondary cracking probability. Guided by these insights, Zn-incorporated Y zeolites with tunable ZnO/Al 2 O 3 molar ratios were synthesized by in-situ doping. The optimized catalyst achieved 60.2% selectivity toward jet-fuel-range hydrocarbons. Structural, acidity and mechanistic characterizations showed that Zn incorporation could reconstruct defect-associated acid environments and continuously generate Zn-derived Lewis acid sites, establishing a tunable L/B acid network. In situ DRIFTS and DFT calculations further demonstrated that Zn-derived Lewis acid sites promoted alkane activation, while Zn-modulated Pt functionality enhanced dehydrogenation-hydrogenation cycling and suppressed excessive cracking. This work revises the Brønsted-acid-centered view of zeolite hydrocracking and establishes Lewis-acid-mediated acid-metal cooperativity as a design principle for jet-fuel-range hydrocarbons.

It has been more than twenty years since conductive polymers began to receive attention as an emerging thermoelectric material. However, the trade-off between electrical conductivity (σ) and thermopower (S) has proven to be a major challenge that has obstructed their use in actual devices. Here we report the discovery that the thermopower of the p- and n-type legs of organic thermogenerators can be substantially enhanced, without significant deterioration of σ, by constructing an in-plane segmented structure consisting of a homojunction with different doping levels on either side. In such segmented layers, the S is abnormally higher than the average value of the constituent parts when applying a forward temperature gradient (heating the heavily doped counterpart), while it is lower upon a reverse temperature gradient. Typically, for a two-stage segmented film of p-type PDPP-Se, an abnormally large S of 210 uV K-1 and σ of 2.5*10^4 S m-1 are obtained, resulting in a large power factor (PF) of 1100 uW m-1 K-2 and a record ZT of 1.36 at room temperature. The enhanced thermopower is attributed to an additional voltage developed at the homojunction under heating as explained by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. This finding provides a breakthrough approach to the modulation of thermoelectric transport properties of conductive polymers.

Nondegradable and nonrenewable petrochemical-based polymers are extensively used as light-management films, contributing to severe environmental pollution and resource depletion. To address this issue, the development of biodegradable and renewable cellulose-based light-management films presents both a significant opportunity and a formidable challenge. In this study, cellulose/aramid nanofibers (ANFs) composite films with good transparency, high UV-shielding capability, tunable haze, and excellent superhydrophobic property were fabricated on a large scale via a sol-gel transformation approach. It was found that cellulose/ANFs films exhibited outstanding UV-blocking performance, with UVA, UVB, and UVC blocking efficiencies of 99.50%, 99.37%, and 98.54%, respectively, due to the strong ultraviolet absorption capacity of ANFs. Besides, the haze of cellulose/ANFs composite films varied from 42.03% to 93.29%, without substantially sacrificing their transparence. Moreover, cellulose/ANFs light-management films demonstrated robust mechanical property, good thermal stability, and water resistance. Additionally, cellulose/ANFs films achieved good self-cleaning performance after spaying with silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles, enhancing their durability in humid environments. Considering their superior optical, thermal, mechanical, and self-cleaning performances, these cellulose/ANFs light-management films hold great promise for applications in energy-efficient buildings, smart agriculture, transportation, and illumination systems.

Conjugated polymers (CPs) show great potential for pressure detection due to the amorphous polymer packing, but a lack of clarity regarding sensing mechanisms hampers the development of further applications. Herein, a sacrificial template-full solution method with both rough surface and high conductivity is described that can be applied to sandwich-structured resistive pressure sensors. Transient absorption measurements demonstrate the significant increase of carrier lifetime (from 1.44 to 2.54 ns) induced by pressure, which directly evidenced the superior sensing mechanism of sidechain doped conjugated polymer. This sensor displayed low-pressure detection limit of 0.7 Pa as well as a rapid response time of 18.8 ms, enabling multi-mode motion analysis including wrist pulse, swallowing, finger bending, grabbing, and typing. Additionally, an intelligent vocal recognition system with convolutional neural networks is used which can achieve >96% classification accuracy across diverse vocal profiles. This general approach is anticipated and enables a new direction for the development of pressure sensors.