This study is to establish rapid detection method for Norovirus in food using molecular motor biosensor technologies. Chromatophores are inverted plasma membrane vesicles containing F0F1-ATPase, and the chromatophores were used as a model system to detect Norovirus. A specific probe was encompassed on the conservative region between ORF1 and ORF2. A biosensors were constructed by connecting specific molecular probes with F0F1-ATPase'sεsubunit throughavidin-biotin system. Extracted virus RNA was conjugated with the biosensor separately, at the same time ATP were synthesized. By comparing their fluorescence intensity, we can detect Norovirus RNA in samples. Through optimizing the reaction condition, a simple and rapid method for detection of Noroviris was developed by F0F1-ATPase biosensor. The results of the study indicated that the method had perfect specificity, and analysis of Hepatitis A visus and Rotavirus demonstrated that this system was specific. The test could be done within 1 h with the sensitivity low to 0.005 ng/mL with genomic RNA. Fifteen samples artificially contaminated and fifty samples were detected, and no false positive or false negative results. Result indicated that this reliable, sensitive, quick and easy-handling method could be used for the detection of food-borne Norovirus virus, and could also be a valuable reference to other food-borne viruses.

新《刑事诉讼法》将刑事和解入法,是建立在长期的政策铺垫和实践探索之上的,但由于很多方面未完全达成共识,故仅以三个条文进行了规定.本文在这一背景下展开的,一共分为三个部分,第一部分主要对刑事和解与相关制度进行辨析.第二部分着重对三个法条进行了分析,同时给出了针对每个具体条文完善的建议.第三部分从刑事和解程序和配套制度两个方面提出了规划框架,以期进一步完善刑事和解制度.

从目前反垄断执法机构的分析设置中，我们可以发现，它的职权范围、指导思想、法律依据的独立性和体制方面均存在缺陷。因此，要集中力量完备反垄断执法机构的设置，首先需要结合我国国情，确立指导原则，其次要从组织角度上进行合理安排，让执法机构具有独立的权限，完善反垄断制度的各项条款。

To develop a specific, rapid and convenient method based on molecular motor biosensor to detect food-borne rotavirus. A specific probe was encompassed the conservative region of rotavirus's VP7 segment, and a molecular motor detect device was constructed by connecting probes to F0F1-ATPase molecular motor through biotin-streptavidin system. This biosensor's sensitivity was 0.005 ng/mL for rotavirus RNA. Extracted virus RNA was conjugated with the biosensor separately, at the same time ATP was synthesized. By comparing fluorescence intensity, we can detect rotavirus RNA in samples. This method possessed specificity for rotavirus, without any cross-reaction with Hepatitis A virus and noroviris, and it could be accomplished within 1 h. We detected 15 samples using this method and the results were compared with RT-PCR results. This method is sensitive and specific for rotavirus, and it can be used to detect food-borne rotavirus.

尿液常规检测一般以干化学试带和尿液自动化仪器相结合,具有快速、准确等优点,对许多疾病的诊断起着重要作用[1-2].但尿液检测涉及诸多环节,包括分析前、分析中、分析后的质控因素,临床反馈不满意的结果中,有80%最终可溯源到标本质量不符合要求[3],只有规避影响尿液检测的因素,才能保证检验结果的真实、客观,本研究基于urisys2400尿自动分析仪进行尿常规检测,将其质控因素分析如下.

The core technology is the use of chromatophore on the F0F1-ATPase molecular motor biosensor for rapid detection of Shigellasonnei in the food.Specific IpaHprobe were connected with F0F1-ATPase's ε subunit using avidin-biotin system,and then biosensors were constructed,the test samples and negative sample,respectively,were combined with biosensors,to compare their catalytic ATP synthesis after 10 min.Shigellasonnei DNA in the samples could be tested.The amount of ATP synthesis could be detected by measuring the amount of H+,while the amount of H+could be indicated by fluorescence intensity through luciferase-luciferin assay.The results of our experiments showed that optimum conditions for detection were the concentration of chroIpaH was 0.031 mg / mL and the concentration of Shigellasonnei DNA was 40 ng / mL.Results from the detection of actual samples were in good agreement with those from traditional detection methods and PCR detection method.

网络时代的到来使大众接近信息、获得知识变得更加简单和方便,因而必须加强对信息网络传播权权利人利益的保障,与此同时,如何兼顾公众利益,防止公众被阻却在知识分享大门之外,就成为当前需要思考的问题。本文拟通过探究信息网络传播权默示许可制度的含义以及现实利用情况,分析在信息网络传播权框架下建立默示许可制度以限制权利人权利的过分扩张的正当性,从而更有利于网络环境下著作权的完善。

Effects of guar gum hydrolyzing time on emulsifying properties of protein-polysaccharide conjugates by Maillard reaction and differences of emulsifying properties between the conjugates and sodium caseinate at different aqueous conditions were studied.Results show that hydrolyzing time significantly affects emulsifying properties of the conjugates.Conjugates made from soy protein isolates and guar gum hydrolyzing for 40min reacted for 10 days have excellent emulsifying properties,their emulsifying activity and stability are significantly superior to those of sodium caseinate at 0.3mol/L NaCl concentration and pH4.0,and close to those of untreated sodium caseinate even the conjugates being heated at 90℃ for 60min.The conjugates,which used as high performance and safe natural food emulsifier,have great application potentiality.