Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for more than 90% of the confirmed cases of esophageal cancer in Asia, and the degree of malignancy is high. There is a growing number of research on ESCC immunotherapy, particularly programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Among them, the most studied PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in ESCC are nivolumab, pembrolizumab, camrelizumab, toripalimab, tislelizumab, atozolizumab, SHR-1316 and durvalumab. Some of the clinical trials of these drugs are still in progress, and some have initially shown good results.

Aim To establish a UPLC method for the determination of the concentration of hainanolidol in plasma of rats, and study the pharmacokinetics of hain-anolidol in rat plasma after single dose i. v. administra-tion of hainanolidol (1, 2, 4 mg·kg-1). Methods The UPLC method for the determination of hainanolidol in rat plasma was established using hainanolide as in-ternal standard. The mobile phase was methanol-water (47 ∶ 53), the flow rate was 0.17 mL·min-1, and the detection wavelength was UV 326 nm. The plasma concentration of hainanolidol in rats was determined by UPLC after single-dose intravenous injection in rats with 1, 2 and 4 mg·kg-1of hainanolidol, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS2.1. Results The result of calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.05 ~10.00 mg·L-1( r = 0.999 6) . The lower limit of quantification was 0.05 mg·L-1. The intra-day and inter-day precision were both lower than 5% , and the extraction recoveries were higher than 85% , respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study after i. v administration of hainanolidol in rats with do-ses of 1, 2 and 4 mg·kg-1. The T1/2was (39.82 ± 0.92), (40.11 ± 0.79) and (41.61 ± 2.07) min, respectively. The AUC0-twas ( 65.77 ± 1.08 ) , (130.48 ± 1.26) and (268.75 ± 1.24) min·mg· L-1, respectively. Conclusion A simple and specific UPLC method for the analysis of hainanolidol is suc-cessfully developed, which could be applied to phar-macokinetic study in rat plasma.

目的:了解中医药治疗乳腺增生病的实验研究概况。方法:从建立动物模型、药效研究和机理研究3个方面对中医药治疗乳腺增生病的近年文献进行综述。结论:中医药治疗乳腺增生病的作用机理是调节神经网,从而达到治疗目的。

张福忠教授医坛耕耘四十余载,学验俱丰,对本病的治疗积累了丰富的经验,治疗方法独特,临床疗效显著.从师学习期间,深得教益.乳腺增生病是发于乳房部位的非炎症性、非肿瘤性疾病,约占女性乳腺疾病的75%,可发生于青春期开始后任何年龄的女性,以20～40岁多见,中医称本病为"乳癖",首见于<中藏经>,因其"内结于隐僻,外不可见",故名"癖".