The trends in allergic comorbidities secondary to the environmental variations in China remain unclear. We aimed to determine the variation of allergic comorbidities and polysensitization among asthma and/or rhinitis patients in the past decade. We assessed two nationally representative cross-sectional datasets from 2008 to 2009 and 2018 to 2019, which enrolled 2322 and 2353 patients, respectively. Over the present 10-year study period, the prevalence of allergic symptoms and allergen sensitivity among patients with multiple sensitivities in the 2018-2019 cohort was significantly higher than that in the 2008-2009 cohort, especially for mites, pollen, and animal allergens. The comorbidity rates of asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and eczema were significantly increased in the 2018-2019 cohort. Also in that cohort, IgE polysensitization was significantly associated with the coexistence of asthma and rhinitis, and the number of IgE-reactive allergens was significantly associated with the number of multimorbidities. Use of an air-conditioner and carpet in the home, and keeping pet were linked to the risk of polysensitization. Our findings suggest an increase in the comorbidity rate and multimorbid polysensitized phenotype of allergic diseases in China. Asthma occurred in both cohorts more frequently with coexisting allergies than as a single entity.

Background: Previous studies have shown an association between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the findings of these studies are controversial, and evaluating this association could help in the treatment of CRS. Thus, we aimed to clarify the relationship between GERD and CRS. Methods: We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Pooled data on CRS, GERD, and their associated risk factors were extracted from large genome-wide association studies. Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms were rigorously screened as instrumental variables. Causal associations between GERD and CRS were assessed, and mediation analyses were performed using multivariate and 2-step MR. Asthma served as a mediator because of its association with both CRS and GERD. Sensitivity tests were also performed. Results: MR analysis showed that genetically predicted GERD was associated with an increased risk of CRS (P < .001). Multivariate MR analysis showed that the effect of GERD on CRS was relatively independent. Mediation analysis showed that asthma mediated the association with a mediation effect of 21.07% (95% CI, 2.70%-40.18%). Sensitivity analyses did not reveal any significant effects of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Conclusions: We found a causal relationship between genetically predicted GERD and an increase in the risk of CRS. As a mediator, asthma contributed to the effect of GERD on CRS. This study provides high-quality causal evidence for the prevention of CRS.

Background:Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) pathogenesis might be impacted by autophagy. Nevertheless, autophagy-related gene utilization as a disease indicator about the course of CRSwNP has yet to be elucidated. Objective:This investigation aimed at discovering pivotal molecules related to autophagy to identify potential treatment targets for CRSwNP. Methods:The dataset GSE136825 was obtained via the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and afterward, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis linked to autophagy was employed via the R software. A comprehensive examination of autophagy-related DEGs was conducted using functional analytic techniques. The utilization of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network facilitated hub gene identification. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and immunohistochemistry staining techniques were performed to validate the expression levels of the central genes in clinical samples. Correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between hub genes and disease severity parameters. Results:A comprehensive set of 86 autophagy-related DEGs were discovered. The functional enrichment analysis of autophagy-related DEGs revealed the identification of enrichment terms involved with the autophagy process. The results obtained from the PPI analysis suggest that there was interaction among the autophagy-related genes. The qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining, and western blot techniques yielded results, demonstrated that CXCR4, HMOX1, and SPP1 expression levels in CRSwNP agreed with the bioinformatics analysis of the dataset. Furthermore, a favorable association between CXCR4, HMOX1, and SPP1 expression levels with illness severity indicators was found. Conclusion:Bioinformatics analysis yielded 86 autophagy-related DEGs in CRSwNP. CXCR4, HMOX1, and SPP1 regulation of autophagy has been confirmed in CRSwNP progression and pathogenesis.

Developing multifunctional materials which could simultaneously possess anti-bacterial ability and electromagnetic (EM) absorption ability during medical care is quite essential since the EM waves radiation and antibiotic-resistant bacteria are threatening people's health. In this work, the multifunctional carbon fiber/ Ti3C2Tx MXene (CM) were synthesized through repeated dip-coating and following in-situ growth method. The as-fabricated CF/MXene displayed outstanding EM wave absorption and highly efficient photothermal converting ability. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of -57.07 dB and ultra-broad absorption of 7.74 GHz could be achieved for CM composites. By growth of CoNi-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) sheets onto MXene, the absorption bandwidth for carbon fiber/Ti3C2Tx MXene layered double hydroxides (CML) could be reach 5.44 GHz, which could cover the whole Ku band. The excellent photothermal effect endow the CM composites with excellent antibacterial performance. The antibacterials tests indicated that nearly 100 % bactericidal efficiency against E. acoil and S. aureus was obtained for the CM composite after exposure to near-infrared region (NIR) irradiation. This work provides a promising candidate to combat medical device-related infections and EM pollution.

BACKGROUND:The allergenic relevance of the living environment changes over the last decades is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to compare the factors associated with asthma and/or rhinitis between 2008 and 2018. METHODS:We assessed two nationally representative cross-sectional datasets in 2008 and 2018. Within the rigorous protocol, questionnaire and serum IgE measurement were conducted in 2322 and 2353 patients with allergic asthma (A) and/or rhinitis (R) respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the effect of different factors on sensitization. RESULTS:The prevalence of sensitization increased in rhinitis alone (A-R+, 63% in 2008 vs. 67.7% in 2018, P = 0.039) and asthma with rhinitis (A+R+, 70.6% vs. 75.1%, P = 0.014). The common factors for sensitization were male sex, using mattress and air conditioner, family history of rhinitis, building age > 30 years, and meat consumption. Compared with 2008, secondhand smoke was an additional risk factor for A+R- (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-7.01) and A+R+ (OR 1.72, 95%CI 1.03-3.14), and the odds of farmland or forest for pollen and mold sensitization were higher in 2018 (OR 3.61, 95%CI 2.79-4.66, and OR 1.86, 95%CI 1.34-2.58). Eating fish was inversely associated with A-R+ (OR 0.68, 95%CI 0.52-0.91, P < 0.01), while older age also showed an inverse relationship with sensitization. The OR of age 25-44 years was higher in 2018. CONCLUSIONS:Repeated surveys showed variations in the factors affecting allergic asthma and/or rhinitis. The variable factors included age of 25-44 years, secondhand smoke, farmland, forest, and fish consumption.

Abstract Background Little is known about the changes in allergen sensitization in China secondary to the environmental variations over the past decade. We aimed at investigating the variations in sensitization among asthma and/or rhinitis patients in China between 2008 and 2018. Methods This study analyzed cross‐sectional data from national surveys conducted in China in 2008 and 2018. After finishing the questionnaire, participants underwent serum specific IgE measurements. A total of 2322 and 2798 patients were enrolled in 2008 and 2018, respectively. The significance of differences in sensitization rates among four regions of China were assessed. Correlation analysis was used to identify the associations of sensitization with climate change and planting of Artemisia desertorum between the two surveys. Results Compared with 2008, the general sensitization rate to mites significantly increased in 2018, which ranked highest among all tested allergens. Sensitization to pollens, especially Artemisia vulgaris, showed the greatest increase in the north. The annual mean temperature, rainfall and relative humidity in all four regions, and the Artemisia desertorum coverage in the northeastern area, increased significantly in 2018 as compared with 2008. From 2008 to 2018, an increase in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus sensitization was significantly associated with an increase in relative humidity (r = 0.54, p = 0.037). The increase in A. vulgaris sensitization was significantly associated with the increase in the A. desertorum planting area (r = 0.67, p = 0.006) and with a decrease in rainfall (r = −0.59, p = 0.021). Conclusions House dust mites remain the most important allergen in Chinese individuals with asthma and/or rhinitis. Pollen sensitization dramatically increased in northern China. Increases in sensitization to dust mites and Artemisia were related to the increases in humidity and planting area of A. desertorum.

Background: Little is known about the changes in allergen sensitization in China secondary to the rapid economic growth over the past decade. We aimed to compare the differences of sensitization rates in patients with asthma and/or rhinitis in China between 2008 and 2018.Methods: This study analyzed cross-sectional data from national surveys conducted in China in 2008 and 2018. After finishing the questionnaire, participants underwent serum specific IgE measurement. A total of 2322 and 2798 patients were enrolled in 2008 and 2018, respectively. The significance of differences in sensitization rates among four regions of China were assessed. Correlation analysis was used to identify the associations of sensitization with climate change and planting of the Artemisia desertorum between the two surveys.Results: Compared with 2008, the general sensitization rate to mites significantly increased in 2018, and it ranked highest among all tested allergens. Sensitization to pollens, especially those of Artemisia vulgaris, showed the greatest increase in the north, with sIgE grades 4–6. From 2008 to 2018, an increase in Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus sensitization was significantly associated with the increase in relative humidity (r=0.54, P=0.037). The increase in Artemisia vulgaris sensitization was significantly associated with the increase in Artemisia desertorum planting area (r=0.67, P=0.006) and with a decrease in rainfall (r=−0.59, P=0.021). Conclusions: House dust mites remain the most important allergen in Chinese individuals with asthma and/or rhinitis. Pollen sensitization dramatically increased in the northern China. The increases of sensitization to dust mites and Artemisia were related to the increase of humidity and planting of Artemisia desertorum respectively.Funding Statement: This study was supported by the Precision Medicine Research of the National Key Research and Development Plan of China (grant no 2016YFC0905800).Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: The study protocol was approved by the ethics review board of each study center. All the participants gave written informed consent to participate in the study.

To report our experience using endoscopic intranasal incision reduction (EIIR) for nasal fractures and to assess effectiveness of the method. 30 patients who underwent EIIR were retrospectively analysed. All the patients were examined by three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT), acoustic rhinometry and rhinomanometry, preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the preoperative aesthetics and nasal airflow satisfaction and at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. VAS aesthetic satisfaction was also scored by two junior doctors. 3D CT showed that the fracture fragments fitted well in 30 patients postoperatively at 1 month. VAS aesthetics and nasal airflow scores were significantly improved postoperatively at 1, 3 and 6 months compared with preoperative scores (P < 0.01). The VAS aesthetic scores from the two surgeons were also significantly improved (P < 0.01). The minimal cross-sectional area increased from 0.39 ± 0.13 to 0.64 ± 0.13 (P < 0.001), the nasal volume increased from 4.65 ± 0.86 to 6.37 ± 0.94 (P < 0.001) and the total inspiratory airway resistance of the bilateral nasal cavity median decreased from 0.467 Pa/mL/s to 0.193 Pa/mL/s (P < 0.001). There were no technique-related intraoperative complications. EIIR was a practical choice, and the aesthetics and nasal airflow were significantly improved in patients with overlapped and displaced bone fragments, patients with fractures of the frontal process of the maxilla (FFPM), patients who underwent failed CR and patients beyond the optimal temporal window.

Brown tumors are uncommon and very aggressive benign intraosseous neoplasm caused by abnormally high parathyroid hormone levels (hyperparathyroidism; HPT). The ratio of female cases to male cases is approximately 2:1. The classical “brown tumor” is commonly observed in long bones, pelvis, and ribs [1] [2]. Only 4.5 % of brown tumors involve the facial bones [3]. The mandible is the predominantly affected site in the maxillofacial area [4]. Moreover, the palate as a site of brown tumors has only been reported in a limited number of papers, as determined through our PubMed search [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]. In most cases, brown tumors represent late manifestations of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) [11]. Pathological results include adenoma in approximately 80 % of cases, followed by glandular hyperplasia (15 %) and parathyroid carcinoma. Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia are commonly noted in PHPT [12]. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), which is induced by defective phosphate excretion and failure of vitamin D activation, also plays a role in brown tumor formation. Elevated phosphate levels, as well as decreased calcium and serum vitamin D levels, lead to the persistent stimulation of the parathyroid glands, which increases PTH release [12] [13] [14]. Hyperparathyroidism may present as anorexia, vomiting, constipation, fatigue, weight loss, muscle weakness, psychiatric symptoms, anemia, polydipsia, urologic changes, and recurrent symptoms of kidney stones during the early stage [15] [16]. However, many of these early symptoms are often ignored [17]. Nevertheless, clinical, biochemical, and radiologic findings can easily guide the diagnosis if physicians carefully consider all the findings and their association with the subject's medical history, instead of focusing only on the bone lesion [18]. In the present case, the patient was admitted to our department for repeated epistaxis with nasal congestion on one side, which are typical manifestations of a brown tumor involving the hard palate and maxillary sinus [15] [19].