Deep recovery of exhaust steam waste heat (ESWH) from cogeneration plants has been widely recognized as an effective pathway to achieve low-carbon district heating in China, which has become an industry consensus. The waste heat quantity and exhaust steam temperature during non-heating seasons are obviously higher than those during heating seasons. If this part of heat can be stored for winter utilization, the heating capacity of cogeneration plants will be further significantly improved. Against this background, this paper proposes storing the ESWH carried by circulating cooling water into the soil via double U-tube borehole heat exchangers (DUBHEs) arranged in open areas near the cogeneration plant. A ground thermal energy storage model utilizing the ESWH is established with TRNSYS and EES software. By focusing on the variations in thermal storage characteristics and energy consumption under key thermal storage parameters such as pipe flow velocity, borehole depth, and inlet water temperature, optimal ranges for these parameters are determined. Furthermore, combined with economic analysis, optimal parameter combinations and thermal storage strategies under different numbers of boreholes are revealed, providing guidance for optimizing the design of thermal energy storage systems. Additionally, based on the most unfavorable design conditions of the proposed system, the estimated unit comprehensive heating cost is reduced by 27.4% and 19.5% compared with gas boiler heating systems and electric boiler heating systems respectively for the same heating capacity, demonstrating significant advantages.

Carbon emission reduction serves as a pivotal strategy for advancing global environmental quality and sustainable socioeconomic development. Private enterprises serve as the primary contributors to industrial carbon emissions. Their low-carbon transition is directly tied to the achievement of China’s Dual Carbon Goals. However, constrained by market failures and the profit-driven nature of capital, these enterprises face significant challenges in both motivation and capacity for carbon emission reduction. As a critical link connecting government and market forces, whether state-owned capital can effectively drive private enterprises to reduce emissions and conserve energy still lacks systematic empirical evidence. Leveraging a panel dataset of private industrial listed companies on China’s Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share markets spanning 2008–2022, we examine the impact of state-owned capital participation on carbon emission reduction and the underlying mechanisms. The empirical results demonstrate that state-owned capital participation can significantly drive carbon emission reduction and propel the low-carbon transformation of private enterprises. Mechanism analysis reveals that state-owned capital participation promotes carbon emission reduction through multiple avenues, including enriching the green resource base, strengthening the value recognition of environmental social responsibility, and improving energy efficiency. Further analysis indicates that the emission reduction effect of state-owned capital participation is more pronounced under conditions of weaker government environmental regulation, lower regional marketization, greater industry competition, and tighter green financing constraints. This study enriches the research on mixed-ownership reform and low-carbon transition of enterprises, deepens the theoretical understanding of the internal mechanism of state-owned capital participation affecting carbon emission reduction, and offers empirical evidence for emerging economies to address the dilemma of emission reduction through property rights integration.

To achieve high-efficiency, low-carbon central heating in northern China, the integration of large-temperaturedifference heat exchange processes with conventional heating system was considered a promising approach for improving exhaust steam heat recovery. In this study, a novel central heating system was proposed, where multiheat-source cascade heating in thermal power plants was combined with a large-temperature-difference heat exchange based on heat-electricity-gas synergy in networks. As a result, the integrated system was demonstrated to enhance the overall exergy efficiency by over 20 %. To quantify improvements, a mathematical model was developed for thermodynamic analysis and system evaluation. For practical validation, a case study was conducted based on a 2 x 600 MW cogeneration unit, where the impacts of natural gas peak-shaving ratios and electric heating ratios on system performance were investigated. It was found that the primary return water temperature can be reduced to 18 degrees C when the large-temperature-difference heat exchange ratio was set to 0.6. Additionally, an increase of 78.5 million kWh in power generation can be achieved over the heating season, along with a decrease of the equivalent electricity from 32.8 kWh/GJ to 27.8 kWh/GJ. Moreover, the investment payback period of the novel system was 7 years, indicating fine economic feasibility.

The selection of residential building types generally considers the economic benefits of land space utilization or the control of plot ratio by higher-level planning for current land utilization, with less consideration for the impact of buildings on the environment, especially the ventilation and heat dissipation of the site. In this study, three commonly used building forms, small-sized villa buildings, multi-story buildings commonly used in old communities, and high-rise buildings commonly selected in most residential areas, were chosen as research objects. The numerical simulation of wind field changes in residential areas was conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The conclusion drawn is that under the same climatic background, different building forms have a significant impact on the ventilation of the environmental space, and higher building heights have a significant strengthening effect on the surrounding wind environment.High-rise buildings can achieve an average wind speed increase compared to the original area Above 50

Enormous, clean, stable and cheap freshwater and heat from renewable and sustainable energy systems are of utmost importance to avert consequences of climate change, especially in Chinese northern coastal regions. Simultaneous transport of freshwater and heat is a novel technology for integrated use of nuclear power in the form of hot freshwater production with the potential to overcome the drawbacks of desalination and cogeneration. In this paper we address the performance of next generation supply of freshwater and heat methods. Starting our experience with simultaneous transport of freshwater and heat at an AP1000 nuclear plant, we developed for the first time a validated actual demonstration project to know the thermodynamic performance. The model allows us to understand the crucial methods to improve transport capacity through analysis. Simultaneous transport of freshwater and heat pipeline’s lifespan assessment algorithm is developed to compare proper methods to extend pipeline’s lifespan economically. The relationship between cost in whole lifespan and key parameters like external diameter, wall thickness, transported distance, flow velocity, corrosion rate, inner-coating’s price and lifespan is investigated to obtain sensitivity analysis. We found that (a) simultaneous production of freshwater and heat improves thermal efficiency by 32.61 %; (b) Thicker wall pipelines are low-cost and have stronger ability to resist economic risks and keep low-cost in whole lifespan. However, wall thickness shall be limited; (c) Thicker wall extends lifespan longer and makes cost less than inner coating. In summary, this work points out that freshwater and heat pipeline’s transport capacity should be enlarged with consideration of integrated system to settle freshwater and heat’s enormous demand and large-scale actual projects are needed. Once these technologies are promoted in China coastlines’ thermal plants, Chinese northern areas will benefit from them.

Lithium-ion batteries, the heart of electric vehicles (EVs), are subject to capacity attenuation and lithium plating at low temperatures, which is essential to preheat lithium-ion batteries at low-temperature ambient. In this study, a battery thermal management system (BTMS) was established to achieve integration of preheating and cooling at the module level through a bent flat micro heat pipe array (FMHPA). As a thermal bridge, the bending FMHPAs realize the separation of the coolant and the battery, non-interference of preheating and cooling, and small space occupation. Heat transfer characteristics of bending FMHPA, preheating performance of the BTMS, and the effect of insulation shell were studied experimentally. Results showed that the effective thermal con-ductivity of Z-shape bending FMHPA is 15,741 Wm-1K-1. The temperature rise rate can reach about 1 degrees C/min at the ambient temperatures of-20,-10 and 0 degrees C. The temperature differences at both cell and module levels are kept within 5 degrees C. The insulation shell with a thickness of 20 mm can increase the temperature rise rate and temperature difference at module level by 41% and 35%, respectively, but with no obvious influence on the active cooling effect at high-temperature ambient.

Deepening the energy-saving potential of the distillation process by waste heat recovery is an essential direction in the petrochemical industry. This paper proposes a distillation system of absorption heat pumps based on intermediate heat exchange through waste heat recovery and cascade energy consumption to improve energy efficiency significantly. Firstly, a mathematical model was developed using the numerical simulation software Aspen Plus for the example of a depropanizing column in a gas fractionation system with an annual capacity of 180,000 ton. Secondly, the optimization of critical parameters, including the material parameters of the intermediate-reboiler and intermediate-condenser and the operational performance of the AHP, is further investigated. The numerical simulation results show that the steam consumption can be decreased by 25% when the pressure in the distillation column is 1.3 MPa, and the heating temperature of the heat pump is 76 celcius. Finally, a complete energy-saving distillation system involving a three-column process has been designed. The effects are significant: 92,000 ton of steam can be saved annually, corresponding to a reduction of 38.8%; 33,300 ton of softened water can be saved annually, which equals to a reduction of 42.5%; an economic profit of 5,429,000 CNY can be achieved annually, and the fixed investment payback period is only 3 years.

Decreasing the return water temperature of heat network is crucial for increasing the feasibility of district heating. On the one hand, the pipelines investment and the electricity consumption are reduced, due to a larger temperature-difference between supply and return water; on the other hand, it can provide a favorable condition for recovering the low-temperature waste heat from the combined heating and power plant. This paper studies a novel district heating system based on the large temperature-difference heat exchange, which features two types of absorption heat pumps, driven by hot water and natural gas, respectively. Considering the economics of investment and operation of the new heating system, the key parameters of two absorption heat pumps under different working conditions (primary supply water temperature z1 and peak-shaving ratio fi) are optimized. For example, when fi is 0.3 and z1 is 120 degrees C, the novel heat exchange system can decrease the primary return water temperature z2 to about 15 degrees C. Compared with the conventional system, the comprehensive exergy efficiency yi is improved by 29.2%, the comprehensive costs per unit heat output are decreased by 18.6%, and the heating capacity of the combined heating and power plant is enhanced by 47.5%.

Objective: To detect the chromosomal abnormalities in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and to explore their correlation with clinical significance and prognostic value.Methods: 83 MM patients who were treated in our hospital from April 2015 to January 2017 were selected as the observation group, and 12 patients with non-hematological malignant diseases who provided bone marrow specimens were selected as the control group. The IGH, 1q21, RB1, D13S319, and p53 probes were used to detect FISH in MM patients and observe chromosomal abnormalities. Correlation with clinical data (age, R-ISS stage, bone loss, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, erythrocyte sedimentation, creatinine, globulin, albumin, and C-reactive protein (CRP)), clinical significance, and prognostic value were analyzed.Results: Among 83 patients with MM, 64 (77.11%) had chromosomal abnormalities, and 19 patients had negative test results. Among those with abnormalities, 8 cases (12.50%) had all four of the chromosomal abnormalities tested for via FISH, 17 cases (26.56%) had three kinds of abnormalities, and 16 cases (25.00%) had two kinds of abnormalities. There were 23 cases (35.94%) with only one chromosome abnormality. We found that IGH rearrangement was related to bone damage and albumin, 1q21 amplification was related to CRP, and 13q14 deletion was related to hemoglobin, albumin and globulin levels, and R-ISS stage. 17p13 deletion was significantly correlated with albumin, platelet, albumin, and globulin levels and R-ISS stages. Among the positive and negative FISH test results, the CR, PR, SD, and PD patients were significantly different in the T-VAD group (P<0.05), but not significantly different in the PAD group (P>0.05). Among the patients with chromosomal abnormalities, the treatment effect was worse than that of patients with negative results. Patients with IGH rearrangement and 17p13 deletion had significantly lower survival time. Patients with normal chromosomes had a significantly negative correlation with prognosis (P<0.05), while 1q21 amplification and 13q14 deletion had no significant correlation with patient prognosis. IGH rearrangement and 17p13 deletion are independent risk factors that affect the prognosis of this group of MM patients.Conclusions: Most patients with MM have chromosomal abnormalities, which are related to some specific clinical measurements. FISH test can identify patients with these abnormalities, who have poorer treatment effect and poor prognosis.

At present, the 300 MW extraction condensing turbine units are still the dominant heat sources of cogeneration heating in China. With a rapid increment of heating scale, combined heating with multi turbine units has applied extensively in cogeneration plants. The novel cogeneration heating system can achieve efficient utilization of the condensed waste heat (CWH) of cogeneration plants with multi turbine units, through organically combining the technical elements, such as improving the backpressure of turbine units, using the absorption heat pumps (AHPs), and lowering the return water temperature of heating network. This article takes the 300 MW watercooling turbine units as analysis objects, adopts the method of the equivalent electricity of heating for energy consumption evaluation, and aims at minimizing the heating energy consumption of the system. Considering the influence on system economy is dominated by the heating energy consumption, the optimization of system configuration is guided by the heating energy consumption analysis. The elaborate and intensive analysis focuses on the optimum system configuration under different numbers of turbine units and different return water temperature. According to the application environment, the system configuration is discussed on the flexible high-backpressure heating mode (FHBM) and the restricted high-backpressure heating mode (RHBM). Through analyzing the variation regularities of the optimum crucial parameters under different conditions, it reveals the internal causes of energy consumption change of the heating system. On this basis, from the perspective of system design, this article summarizes the applicability of the novel high backpressure heating system (NHBS) and the novel absorption heat pump heating system (NAHPS). Furthermore, it refines the configuration optimization principles for the novel cogeneration heating system with multi turbine units. The conclusions are expected to indicate the optimization directions of system design.

The existing coal-fired heating mode in north China has a higher energy consumption and causes heavy haze in winter. Combining with natural gas, deeply exploring the energy saving potential in coal-fired Cogeneration can provide an effective way for solving the problems. This paper proposes the methods to utilize exergy loss in the existing district heating system: 1) On the heat network, high temperature hot water or gas is used for driving the absorption heat exchangers (AHEs), by which the temperature of return water backing to CHP plant can be greatly reduced. 2) While in the CHP plant, a cascaded heating process with absorption heat pump (AHP) is constructed for efficient recovery of the condenser waste heat, by which the heating capacity of CHP plant can be significantly improved. Based on this, this paper proposes a new type of district heating system, in which clean coal-fired cogeneration is the dominant and novel gas peak-shaving is the supplements. Corresponding analysis model is established, taking a CHP plant with 2 x 330 MW turbine units as an example. Comparing with previous district heating system with gas peak-shaving boiler, the new system has apparent advantages: Firstly, the comprehensive exergy efficiency is increased from 47% to 66%, the coal consumption is reduced from 14.48 kg/GJ to 9.74 kg/GJ, while the natural gas consumption is reduced from 17.65 Nm(3)/GJ to 8.56 Nm(3)/GJ. Secondly, the emission of SO2 is decreased by 50.6%, of smoke is decreased by 32.9%, and of NOx is decreased by 35.6%. Finally, the energy cost is decreased from 55.1 CNY/GJ to 28.2 CNY/GJ, and the payback rate of incremental investment is 22%.

根据野外露头样品实验分析数据,分析了思茅盆地上二叠统羊八寨组富有机质页岩空间展布、有机地化特征、无机矿物组分和孔裂隙特征,考虑富有机质页岩TOC、R o、厚度及埋深等因素,采用综合叠加法,预测了富有机质页岩有利区2处,作为下一步勘查研究重点方向.

Investigating the total heating energy consumption over the entire heating season and its distribution data can help policymakers to adequately understand the current status and development trend of heating energy consumption, as well as to formulate effective policies to improve the indoor comfort and energy performance of residential buildings. This paper aims to explore a method for obtaining the space heating energy consumption demand of dwellings to guide energy conservation and energy supply with heating. A survey questionnaire was carried out to obtain detailed information on the occupant behaviour on space heating in a multi-unit high-rise residential community in Nantong. The statistical results of some factors were obtained from the questionnaire, such as occupants' space heating behaviour, window-opening behaviour, and indoor temperature setting. Then, energy consumption by space heating was simulated and analysed based on the survey data, and the reliability of results was verified by comparing modelled results with measured energy consumption from 1625 households. The results reveal that the heating energy consumption simulation method based on occupant behaviour survey can be used to predict the distribution of the energy consumption over the entire heating season in this region and areas with similar climate.

利用电厂乏汽余热构建新型热源方式,是实现火电节能和城市清洁供热的重点方向。为了同时回收多台机组全部的乏汽余热,一种新型多热源梯级供热系统,已应用于国内多座空冷电厂。文中针对该系统的全工况优化开展深入研究:以2×300MW直接空冷机组为原型建立系统供热特性计算模型,引入"供热等效电"作为新型热电联产供热系统的综合能效评价指标;结合热网参数和系统供热量构成的变化规律,以进一步发掘系统节能潜力为目标,提出机组背压调整的优化运行方法。经分析表明在不同设计工况下,采用优化背压运行均可以一定程度降低系统供热等效电Weq.s及单位供热量总成本ct,系统综合能效与经济性得到改善。成果用于指导大型机组乏汽余热利用系统优化运行。

Background Genetic factors play a role in the etiology of BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs). This study explored the relationship between mutations in the Janus kinase 2 gene (JAK2), MPL, and the calreticulin gene (CALR) in Uygur and Han Chinese patients with BCR-ABL fusion gene-negative MPN and corresponding clinical features. Methods A total of 492 BCR-ABL-negative MPN patients treated in our hospital from May 2013 to August 2016 were enrolled. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and used for PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. Mutations including JAK2 V617F, MPL W515L/K, and those in JAK2 exon 12 and CALR were analyzed and compared with patient clinical characteristics. Results Of the 492 MPN patients, 169 were Uygur and 323 were Han. In these two patient groups, JAK2 mutations were detected in 39.64% and 52.63%, respectively, CALR mutations were detected in 10.06% and 20.43%, respectively, and MPL mutations were detected in 0.93% of Han patients. The age, white blood cell count, platelet levels, and hemoglobin levels in JAK2 in Han patients were higher than those in Uygur patients. Conclusion Han MPN patients harboring JAK2 mutations had higher level of age, WBC, PLT, and Hb than Uyghur patients with the same mutations.

Utilizing waste heat of exhausted steam in power plant as a new type of heat source is a key direction to achieve both energy-saving and clean district heating. This paper firstly reviews current mature waste heat utilization technologies, including "absorption heat pump", "increasing back pressure of turbine" and "decreasing return water temperature of heat network". Using only one method is not applicable to recovery all the exhausted steam waste heat of multiple turbine units due to its respective limitations. In view of this technical difficulty, this paper proposes a new cascade heating system with multi-heat sources based on waste heat utilization. Extraction steam and exhausted steam are involved to achieve the cascade temperature-rise of heat network water. Corresponding evaluation methods are presented, including the last-stage safety of the large unit and the comprehensive energy efficiency of the new cogeneration heating system. Taking 2 x 300 MW water-cooled units as the example to actualize the new system, the effects of key parameters on energy efficiency and economy are analyzed, and then further researches about integration optimization of the new system are developed. In this study, first keep constant return water temperature of primary heat network, the optimal condition is gained. At this point, all the waste heat of exhausted steam is recovered, the energy consumption of power plant is reduced by 33% and the total cost per heat output c(t) is reduced by 22.3%, compared with conventional cogeneration system. Then reduce the return water temperature in different level, both the energy consumption and the total cost per heat output c(t) can be further lowered, the energy efficiency and the economy are better improved.

本文以大同云冈电厂乏汽余热利用系统为例,详细分析了系统的供热能耗,并对系统降低一次网回水温度作情景展望.通过对2013-2014采暖季运行数据的分析可以看出,项目改造后热源供热能耗明显降低.但由于目前一次网回水温度偏高,限制了热源供热能力的发挥,其主要原因在于吸收式热力站改造比例偏低.情景分析指出,降低一次网回水温度可进一步提高电厂供热能力,并显著降低供热能耗和供热成本.建议电厂增加吸收式热力站的改造比例,并在保证机组安全的情况下适当提高背压运行.