Business model innovation (BMI) is a key decision faced by entrepreneurial firms. Yet, a firm's entrepreneurial team can hold diverse cognitive views of business models, leading to an incomplete understanding of how entrepreneurial teams can actually leverage these diverse cognitive resources for BMI. Drawing on the cognitive view of BMI, we explore how domain-specific schemas-a key aspect of managerial cognition gleaned from prior industry experience-may influence BMI. Rather than assuming the influence of schemas is uniform across situations, we conceptualize it as contingent on two salient situated factors-namely, team faultlines and industry competition logic. We posit that while the sharing of schemas in entrepreneurial teams is critical for BMI, whether those teams are able to bring about actual innovation depends on the industry context in which their new venture operates. Empirical analysis of 799 IT-based firms in China provides general support for our arguments. Our study contributes to the cognitive view of BMI and deepens our understanding of the role of situated context in BMI.

Drawing upon linguistic relativity theory, we investigate the underlying mechanisms of entrepreneurial alertness with respect to one of the most salient, yet underexplored, aspects of linguistic structures: the future-time-reference (FTR). Employing a mixed method design with two major studies, we found that FTR positively influences entrepreneurial alertness through the mediating mechanism of future temporal focus and that this positive effect is higher when entrepreneurs' linguistic diversity is low. We contributed to our understanding of a classic question in entrepreneurship research: why some people are more likely to discover opportunities than others. We also enhanced the burgeoning research on time and entrepreneurship by exploring two prominent temporal dynamics (FTR and future temporal focus) and their role in shaping alertness.

Why do some entrepreneurs, but not others, spot opportunities? Our research explores how the language we speak, specifically, how our language treats future events, can influence entrepreneurial alertness. We study how future-time-reference (FTR), one of the most salient linguistic structures, drives an entrepreneur's ability to stay alert to new opportunities. Drawing insights from two major studies, we found that entrepreneurs speaking languages with stronger-FTR tend to focus more on the future where opportunities embed, which boosts their entrepreneurial alertness. This relationship is through the mediating mechanism of entrepreneurs' future temporal focus, and stronger for those speaking less diverse languages. Our findings offer practical insights for entrepreneurs, educators, and leaders looking to understand better what drives opportunity recognition and how subtle factors like language and time perception can play a key role.

Although entrepreneurial alertness is foundational in applied entrepreneurship studies, entrepreneurship scholars have rarely considered institutional factors that shape entrepreneurial alertness. We investigate the underlying mechanisms of entrepreneurial alertness with respect to one of the most salient, yet underexplored, aspects of informal institutions: the future-time-reference (FTR) in linguistic structures. Drawing upon imprinting theory, we theorize that entrepreneurs' early language imprint persistently affects their alertness, and that both individual and environmental contextual factors may alter this effect. We test our model with two studies. Study 1 employs a multi-source database with 107,830 observations across 56 countries and Study 2 surveys 618 entrepreneurs in four countries. Our findings indicate that entrepreneurs in institutions with strong-FTR languages exhibit higher level of alertness. Further, this effect is intensified for older entrepreneurs, yet weakened for entrepreneurs with higher level of education or entrepreneurs who experience higher level of globalization in their home country. Our study contributes to a better understanding of language imprinting on entrepreneurial alertness.

全球创业观察、创业动态跟踪调查、中国创业动态跟踪调查作为创业研究的三大权威数据库,极大地推动了创业研究的情境化和独立发展.本研究采用文献计量方法,对基于三大权威数据库并发表在国内外顶级期刊的219篇创业研究文献的主题和内容进行系统的梳理,比较分析了三大数据库的设计思路、数据结构及其不足之处.本文从学科基础数据构建的视角探讨了创业研究发展的历史脉络,揭示了基础数据构建对推动学科发展的重要价值,也可以为中国本土创业研究构建大型基础数据提供参考和指引.

Venture creation is an entrepreneurial process initiated by nascent entrepreneurs to identify and exploit opportunities. Beliefs of opportunity feasibility are found to facilitate new venture emergence in developed economy contexts. This paper examines how opportunity beliefs influence venture creation in an emerging economy context. The results of the Chinese Panel Study of Entrepreneurial Dynamics show that opportunity beliefs are negatively related to new venture emergence and the speed of resource acquisition, respectively. Further, entrepreneurs’ bribery behavior moderates the relationship between opportunity beliefs and the speed of resource acquisition. Our research provides important theoretical and policy implications for entrepreneurs and policy makers, especially in emerging economies.

中国创业学的理论构建是由我国经济社会发展的现实逻辑、理论逻辑和历史逻辑决定的.作为哲学社会科学体系的重要组成部分,中国创业学的构建反映了全球创业型经济发展的新趋势、中华民族伟大复兴的战略需求以及改革开放四十多年来创新创业实践的伟大成就;中国创业学的构建应该以马克思主义政治经济学为思想根基,同时要积极吸收现代西方创业理论的最新成果.与西方创业研究强调创业机会开发和利用的微观范式相比,中国创业学聚焦于国家、社会、自然和个体财富创造的创建活动规律的研究,包含国际创业、制度创业、社会创业、技术创业、绿色创业、家族创业等学术体系内容,突出表现了学科体系的新发展理念指导、学术体系的整合性取向和话语体系的国家创新超越等鲜明本土特征.构建中国创业学学科、学术和话语体系,可以为中国式现代化新道路提供思想助力,为全球创业学研究和创新创业实践提供中国智慧、中国力量和中国方案.

开展负责任的管理研究已成为国内外学者的共识,这一共识的认知基础不仅来自于对工商管理学科研究成果远离管理实践的警示,更来自于工商管理学科应该并且能够为人类经济社会发展做出更大贡献的期待.学者们针对如何提高工商管理学科研究成果实践关联性问题展开了激烈讨论,但并没有很好地回答工商管理研究兼顾科学性和应用性的实现途径.本文基于"科学家—实践者"互动角度提出了如何提升工商管理学科科学问题需求属性的理论模型,并以工商管理学科发展战略及十四五发展规划研究为例提出了具体的工作路线,以期为有关如何提升工商管理学科理论实践关联性的重要学术讨论增添新的思路和方法,同时为我国管理科学家如何提升并强化科学研究成果转化为实际应用进而服务国家经济社会发展提供重要参考.

与国内工商企业进步、经济发展以及中国在国际地位的提升同步,工商管理学科建设在十三五期间得到广泛的重视,建设力度明显加大.依托国家自然科学基金委管理科学部"工商管理学科发展战略及'十四·五'发展规划研究"专项任务,课题组做了深入的调查研究,一千余位海内外学者、企业家参与了学科战略问卷调查.调查结果显示,高关注度下的强自我反思是学者的共识,工业社会的管理理论与数字经济时代企业实践的错位是企业家普遍反映的问题.本文就学者和企业家高度关注的问题进行分析,提出方向性建议,以期对工商管理学科的健康发展做出贡献.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">互联网和信息技术不断进步及应用普及驱动的产业数字化势不可挡,越来越多新创企业起步于商业模式创新,成长过程不再局限于传统意义上的组织规模扩张,而是组织边界的不断模糊化和跨界拓展的生态化成长,这一过程可以被概括为基于商业模式创新的商业生态系统属性塑造过程,但已有研究并没有对这一过程机制予以充分关注。本文采用针对两家新创企业的跨案例纵向研究设计,构建了新创企业基于商业模式创新的商业生态系统属性塑造的理论模型。本文发现新创企业商业模式创新特征在很大程度上影响着其塑造商业生态系统的属性特征,在这一过程中,新创企业在应对参与者需求与在位企业反应过程中所采取的资源编排策略差异会引发不同属性的商业生态系统的形成。这一发现对于商业生态系统、商业模式与新创企业成长等研究做出了重要的理论贡献,对于未来研究具有重要的推动作用。</span>

Language structure differences have received wide scholarly attention to explain the differences in the behavior of organizations or individuals in different countries. Drawing upon linguistic relativity theory and imprinting theory, we extend linguistic research toward entrepreneurial theory and practice by examining how language structure differences impact cross-national variations in innovative new ventures. We contend that entrepreneurs speaking a strong future-time-reference language are more likely to create innovative new ventures than entrepreneurs with a weak future-time-reference language. Further, the imprinting effect of future-time-reference is eroded when entrepreneurs experience greater exposure to a multitude of new information and knowledge determined by such contextual factors as their age and home country globalization. We utilized merged, multi-level, and multi-source data of 40,022 entrepreneurs from 47 countries speaking 26 different languages to test our hypotheses. Results offer compelling support for our hypotheses.

Two perspectives stand out in examining international variations in innovative new venture creation: institutions and national culture. However, systematic insights into the interconnections between institutional and cultural perspectives and their effects on entrepreneurship are severely lacking. In order to fill this gap, the current research integrates two prominent yet under-explored institutional and cultural factors: linguistic future-time reference (FTR) as an institutional factor and long-term orientation as a cultural factor, and considers how they are linked through the time perspective reflected in risk and uncertainty perception. Drawing upon linguistic relativity theory and cultural theory, we propose that institutions with strong FTR languages and cultures with short-term orientation are more likely to foster innovative new venture creation. We utilized merged, multi-level, and multi-source data of 34,673 entrepreneurs from 42 countries to test our hypotheses. We also conducted a series of scenario-based, intra-group experiments with bilingual entrepreneurs to further confirm that strong-FTR has a positive relationship with innovative new venture creation. Results offer compelling support for our hypotheses.

孵化网络中的共享认知影响新创企业的进入与成长.本文将共享认知划分为共享价值观和共享愿景两个维度,构建孵化网络中共享认知、无形资源获取与在孵企业创新绩效关系的理论模型,并使用天津市在孵企业样本开展实证检验.结果 表明:共享认知与无形资源获取、在孵企业创新绩效之间均存在显著正相关关系,无形资源获取在共享认知和创新绩效之间起到部分中介的作用,这意味着孵化网络中较高水平的共享认知有利于在孵企业获取无形资源,进而提高创新绩效.研究结论从认知和资源的角度揭示了孵化网络对在孵企业创新绩效的影响路径,并为探究网络层面共享认知的内涵提供思路.

基于第236期“双清论坛”,本着面向国家战略需求,把握学术前沿,谋求原创理论的原则,本文总结了我国创新驱动的重大创业理论,回顾了创业领域近年来研究所取得的主要进展和成果,明确了未来一段时期内创新驱动的重大创业理论突破的五大重点方向,凝练了该领域未来5～10年亟需解决的关键科学问题,并提出了创业领域的国家自然科学基金资助战略.

Based on the social context perspective of gender difference, this paper argues that gender difference invokes identity issues and explores the antecedents and mechanisms of identity strategies of women entrepreneurs. Identity plays an important role in understanding how women entrepreneurs position themselves in the male-dominated entrepreneurial context, so as to explain the differences both in entrepreneurial behavior and business growth among women entrepreneurs. By summarizing and extracting the existing studies on women entrepreneurs’ identity, this paper constructs the theoretical logic of “social attributes of gender difference-identity strategy-entrepreneurial behavior”, and answers the questions of how women entrepreneurs choose identity strategy and how this choice affects entrepreneurial behavior. Firstly, this paper reviews the research progress of women entrepreneurship and points out that identity is the key spot under the heterogeneous hypothesis, which is most worthy of further exploration. Secondly, we clarify the identity strategy and its formation path under the contradictory social construction norms, to be specific, women entrepreneurs choose to accept or reject gender expectations and entrepreneurial archetypes, and adopt different identity strategies based on the mechanisms of legitimacy, distinctiveness and authenticity. Thirdly, women entrepreneurs’ identity strategy can influence their entrepreneurial behaviors and decision-making through information processing and attention, which is at least reflected in opportunity identification and resource integration. Finally, some future research suggestions are put forward:（1）Pay more attention to the concrete forms of the effects of identity at different levels, and extend them to firm performance;（2）Complement the boundary conditions of the above effects from the perspectives of economy, culture and institution;（3）Trace the changes of women entrepreneurs’ identity strategies along with entrepreneurial events, and explore how women entrepreneurs construct and manage their identities dynamically. Overall, the main highlights and theoretical contributions lie in two parts: Firstly, future researches can explore the rules of women’s entrepreneurial behaviors beyond the perspective of “gender comparison”; Secondly, on the basis of gender difference context, some in-depth academic understandings are made in identity researches in entrepreneurship domain.

[연구목적] 본 연구는 한국과 일본대학생들의 기업가정신을 살펴본 탐색적 연구로써 역할모델이 양국 대학생들의 기업가적 능력과 창업동기에 미치는 영향을 중심으로 살펴보았다.BR[연구방법] 본 연구는 PASW Statistic 18 통계프로그램을 이용하여 데이터분석 및 다중회귀분석방법을 통해 가설검증을 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 한국과 일본 양국 대학생 총454명이 참가하였다(한국 224명, 일본 230명).BR[연구결과] 분석결과 역할모델은 한국과 일본 대학생들의 기업가적 능력 및 창업동기에 모두 유의한 정(＋)의 영향을 미치고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 기업가적 능력 역시 한 · 일 대학생들의 창업동기에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다.BR[연구의 시사점] 역할모델은 지리적, 문화적 차이에 관계없이 대학생들의 기업가정신 함양에 유의한 촉진제로서 중요한 선행변수임을 확인하였다. 연구결과에 따른 이론적. 실무적 함의를 제시해 두었다.

商业模式创新正逐渐成为互联网时代创业企业成长的重要路径.商业模式创新属性是创业企业价值创造的内驱动力,外显的交易属性和内隐的制度属性又将如何作用创业企业成长？本文以裸心民宿成长为例,探索了中国情境下商业模式创新双重属性对创业企业成长的作用机制:(1)商业模式创新的交易属性与制度属性共同内驱了创业企业成长,交易属性通过增强竞争性交易优势促进企业成长,制度属性藉助合法性获取以保障交易可持续.(2)商业模式创新与政策导向的有效匹配是创业企业适应动态环境,获取组织合法性的关键路径.(3)交易属性与制度属性的互撑、竞争性与合法性机制的互撑,产生“结构塑造效应”,推动组织快速进阶.本研究解析了商业模式创新双重属性作用创业企业成长的微观机制,为中国情境下创业企业通过商业模式创新实现赶超提供了实践启示.