Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and deadly cancers in the world, which is frequently diagnosed at a late stage. HCC patients have a poor prognosis due to the lack of an efficacious therapeutic strategy. Approved drug repurposing is a way for accelerating drug discovery and can significantly reduce the cost of drug development. Carfilzomib (CFZ) is a second-generation proteasome inhibitor, which is highly efficacious against multiple myeloma and has been reported to possess potential antitumor activities against multiple cancers. However, the underlying mechanism of CFZ on HCC is still unclear. Here, we show that CFZ inhibits the proliferation of HCC cells through cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and suppresses the migration and invasion of HCC cells by inhibiting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We also find that CFZ promotes reactive oxygen species production to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activate JNK/p38 MAPK signaling in HCC cells, thus inducing cell death in HCC cells. Moreover, CFZ significantly inhibits HCC cell growth in a xenograft mouse model. Collectively, our study elucidates that CFZ impairs mitochondrial function and activates ER stress and JNK/p38 MAPK signaling, thus inhibiting HCC cell and tumor growth. This indicates that CFZ has the potential as a therapeutic drug for HCC.

1只雌性9月龄英短蓝猫在实施微创绝育手术前,首先进行临床基础检查、血常规指标检查、生化指标检查、心脏疾病筛查的术前检查,然后利用腹腔镜结合超声刀进行卵巢摘除微创绝育手术.术前检查数据显示,血常规指标、生化指标和B型钠尿肽均正常,说明猫身体健康状况良好,适宜进行手术.手术时,猫吸入麻醉后,先利用一戳卡建立气腹并置腹腔镜入腹腔,然后在腹腔镜监视下,将另一戳卡置入超声刀,随后利用超声刀切断卵巢的动静脉血管、系膜和固有韧带,并取出卵巢,最后用可吸收缝合线常规缝合腹壁,皮肤切口各结节缝合一针后消毒,完成了微创绝育手术.手术过程中无需开腹操作,手术视野暴露充分,能精准定位手术部位,创伤小,提高了手术效率,取得了满意的手术效果.

Purpose: Atherosclerosis is one of the most important pathological foundations of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have shown that macrophages play important roles in lipid accumulation in the vascular wall and thrombosis formation in atherosclerotic plaques. This study aimed to explore the effect of frog skin antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) temporin-1CEa and its analogs on ox-LDL induced macrophage-derived foam cells. Methods: CCK-8, ORO staining, and intracellular cholesterol measurements were used to study cellular activity, lipid droplet formation and cholesterol levels, respectively. ELISA, real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis were used to study the expression of inflammatory factors, mRNA and proteins associated with ox-LDL uptake and cholesterol efflux in macrophage-derived foam cells, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of AMPs on inflammation signaling pathways were studied. Results: Frog skin AMPs could significantly increase the cell viability of the ox-LDL-induced foaming macrophages and decrease the formation of intracellular lipid droplets and the levels of total cholesterol and cholesterol ester (CE). Frog skin AMPs inhibited foaming formation by reducing the protein expression of CD36, which regulates ox-LDL uptake but had no effect on the expression of efflux proteins ATP binding cassette subfamily A/G member 1 (ABCA1/ABCG1). Then, decreased mRNA expression of NF-κB and protein expression of p-NF-κB p65, p-IκB, p-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38 and the release of TNF-α and IL-6 occurred after exposure to the three frog skin AMPs. Conclusion: Frog skin peptide temporin-1CEa and its analogs can improve the ox-LDL induced formation of macrophage-derived foam cells, in addition, inhibit inflammatory cytokine release through inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways, thereby inhibiting inflammatory responses in atherosclerosis.

一只比熊犬疑似消化道异物前来就诊,通过血常规检查、生化检查和X光检查进行疾病诊断,确诊患犬为胃内异物.利用内窥镜对患犬进行治疗,成功取出胃内异物(一带线的缝衣针),患犬苏醒后2 h出院.术后第 3、7 天回访,患犬精神、食欲、排便及排尿均正常.

膀胱结石是猫常见的泌尿系统疾病,主要表现为痛性尿淋沥、尿频和血尿等.临床病例中公猫的结石发病率高于母猫[1,2],主要是由于公猫的尿道狭长,易导致结晶尿的阻塞,再加上一些其他诱因,使得公猫更易发生膀胱结石[3,4].对于使用药物溶解不成功的膀胱结石,应在传统的膀胱切开术前考虑应用微创取石技术[5].

为研究有机物、温度和pH对氯甲酚纳米乳消毒剂杀菌效果的影响,本文以大肠杆菌为试验菌,利用悬液定量杀灭试验方法进行试验.结果表明:0％、25％和50％小牛血清对氯甲酚纳米乳消毒剂杀菌作用均无影响;该消毒剂的杀菌效果随时间延长而增强,且在(10±1)℃和(20±1)℃的条件下均有重度影响,(30±1)℃无影响;在pH 4.64、6.67和8.68的条件下均无影响.结论如下:有机物和pH对氯甲酚纳米乳消毒剂杀灭大肠杆菌的效果均无影响,但在不同温度条件下影响不同,临床实践应用时需注意.

通过临床检查、血常规检查、生化检查和X射线检查,确诊了一例猫右后肢股骨颈骨折.采用股骨头切除术进行治疗,术后对其进行康复训练,患猫逐渐恢复了正常运动能力.股骨头切除术对于猫股骨颈骨折病具有良好的治疗效果.

在宠物各种类型的疾病中,相当一部分是肠道疾病.肠道作为宠物机体营养物质消化吸收的重要场所,如果发生疾病,则会给宠物身体健康带来不利影响.由于肠道疾病可以发生在宠物的任何年龄段,所以日常生活中必须对宠物的肠道健康多加关注.目前,结肠镜这种微创技术已成为人医临床上肠道健康检查和疾病诊断的一个主要方法,尤其可作为筛查、诊断和治疗结肠病变的重要手段[1].利用结肠镜进行宠物肠道疾病的检查、诊断和治疗,具有更安全、准确、便利,免开腹、应激小,手术损伤小、出血少、术后恢复快、活检取材方便等明显优势[2],能够满足宠物临床诊疗的需要,但其在一些宠物医院尚未广泛应用,有关此方面的病例报道也较少.

通过临床基础检查、血常规检查、生化检查、C-反应蛋白浓度测定和B超检查,对犬进行疾病诊断.临床基础检查发现,患犬高热不退,腹部触诊紧张;血常规及生化检查发现,炎性细胞指标显著升高;C-反应蛋白浓度测定发现,有显著的全身性炎症反应;B超检查发现,子宫内存在液性暗区,表明子宫内部结构异常,患有子宫疾病.会诊后利用常规外科手术方法摘除了患犬的卵巢和子宫.术中剖开子宫,确诊该犬患子宫囊肿疾病.手术成功治疗了该疾病.

难产是爬行动物常见疾病之一,各种爬行动物都有发生[1].因此,在乌龟产卵的季节发生难产现象也就不足为奇了.但如果难产时处理不当,则会出现卵破龟亡的严重后果.笔者所在动物医院曾接诊1例中华草龟卡蛋难产,采用外科手段治疗成功,介绍如下.

一例猫疑似误食针线异物后就诊,通过影像学等检查确诊为猫胃内异物.血常规生化检查结果显示患猫符合手术要求,采用内窥镜手术法进行治疗,成功取出针状异物,术后恢复良好.结果表明内窥镜手术疗法是一种安全高效的猫胃内异物取出治疗方法.

胃内异物是指食入食物以外的物品,其在胃里不能被消化分解,且不能通过呕吐或排泄的方式排出体外,从而滞留在胃内,或阻塞在幽门的临床病症.异物滞留或阻塞在胃内后可导致消化功能紊乱,出现食欲下降、呕吐、腹痛等症状,随着病程的发展,引起动物出现水、电解质稳态失调、酸碱平衡紊乱,甚至胃穿孔等并发症,处理不及时可危及动物生命.在小动物临床上通常采用胃切开术治疗该病症;而随着内窥镜技术在动物临床的应用,通过内窥镜可以清楚地观察到上消化道异物,并利用内窥镜将异物从上消化道取出,成功率高且能降低手术风险.笔者所在医院接诊一较为典型的胃内异物案例,经内窥镜予以取出,现将该病例的诊治过程报道如下,以供临床兽医师对内窥镜技术实践应用参考.

通过临床检查、生化指标测定、电解质与血液气体分析和X线影像学检查,确诊了一例犬患有左肾结石、肾衰和膀胱结石.手术中发现左输尿管也有结石且堵塞段坏死,右肾有一定程度的萎缩.手术切除左肾和左输尿管,同时行膀胱切开取石术,取出体积较大的膀胱结石.结石成分为鸟粪石95％,磷酸钙5％.术后14天患犬死亡.对其术后死亡原因分析后,提出了预防措施.

为了找到一种高效又环保的动物骨骼标本制作方法,采用高压方法,以猫为试验动物,通过剥皮、去内脏、分离部分连结、0.10～0.14 MPa(120～126℃)高压8 min、剔肉、清洗油脂、串装固定等步骤,无需脱脂和漂白处理,制作了猫骨骼标本.结果表明:制作的猫骨骼标本结构完整、真实自然,立体感强、易于保存.结论:高压法制作动物骨骼标本具有高效环保、简单实用、成本低廉等优点.

Cryptosporidium muris is a zoonotic protozoan.Characterization of genetic diff erentiation can be exploited to trace the origins of the parasite.A Cryptosporidium isolate from brown rat was obtained by microscopy and genetically characterized.C. muris was identified with minor nucleotide diff erences.Further subtype analysis was performed using a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) tool.At each locus, the C. muris isolate was confirmed to be M12, M4, M1 and M2 subtype, representing as a new MLST subtype.Therefore, the results suggest that there was probably a new source of infection for C. muris in the study region.

猫咽喉部及食管异物是兽医临床常见的紧急病症,宠物医师需要就患宠所食异物位置及类型做出准确判断,并及时制定治疗方案进行救治.使用内窥镜对食入异物进行诊断,不但可快速确定异物位置,还能结合活检钳降低患宠损伤,提高取出异物的成功率.本文对河南科技学院教学动物医院接诊的1只猫咽喉部异物病例实施内窥镜清除过程进行报道.

[目的]研究氯甲酚纳米乳消毒剂(CND)对真菌的杀菌效果及其作用机理.[方法]以白色念珠菌为指示菌,分别利用营养肉汤稀释法、悬液定量杀菌试验法、物体表面消毒模拟现场试验法、扫描和透射电子显微镜观察法,研究CND的体外抗菌活性、杀菌效果、模拟现场消毒效果及对真菌超微结构的影响.[结果]CND对白色念珠菌的MIC和MBC均为3 mg/mL.对白色念珠菌的杀菌效果随着其体积分数的增大和作用时间的延长而增强,体积分数0.5％CND作用15 min、0.6％ CND作用10 min和0.8％CND作用5 min时,消毒合格;0.8％和1.0％CND分别作用10和5 min时,杀菌率均为100％.体积分数0.2％和0.5％CND的杀菌率极显著高于相同体积分数的氯甲酚溶液(P＜0.01),二者体积分数为1.0％时差异不显著(P＞0.05).经体积分数0.8％ CND作用10 min后,扫描电镜下白色念珠菌表面粗糙不平,皱褶明显,部分菌体表面出现裂缝;透射电镜下菌体形状发生改变,细胞壁变薄,且部分细胞壁局部有断裂或破损,部分真菌的细胞膜和细胞核边界不清,结构模糊,多数真菌的细胞质内部构造不清,不同真菌之间的胞浆内电子密度不同.[结论]CND对真菌的杀菌作用强,并能使白色念珠菌的超微结构发生改变.

动物科技类本科专业的实践性和应用性都很强.河南科技学院动物科技类本科专业自2013届学生开始,构建了“3+1”人才培养模式,并从修订人才培养方案、加大专业实践综合技能训练、实施4年不断线的实践教学模式、加强校内外教学实习实训基地建设和管理等方面进行实施.基于学生视角的实践证明,“3+1”人才培养模式不但提高了学生的实践能力,而且能助力毕业生的高质量就业,现分享给大家,以期为动物科技类本科专业的人才培养提供参考.

为了使临床实习生在校期间就能掌握基本的临床专业技能,提前积累一定的临床经验,助力他们成长成才,河南科技学院教学动物医院探索并实践了“2年期临床实习培养与管理”人才培养管理模式,包括专业临床技能培训、专业临床实习、校外毕业实习等,实践效果显著,值得其他高校的教学动物医院参考和推广.

以雄性成年健康的鸡为试验动物,采用化学腐蚀法制作鸡全身骨骼标本.通过桥静脉放血处死、剥皮、去内脏、剔去肉、拆分、不同浓度NaOH溶液腐蚀、洗洁精脱脂、H2 O2漂白、铁丝和粘鞋胶串装固定等步骤制作出了结构完整、洁白美观、直观形象的鸡全身骨骼标本.该制作方法操作简单、安全实用、成本低廉.